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Germany 1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria)1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria) Prussia leads unificationPrussia leads unification –German population –Nationalistic movement –Stronger Army –Wilhelm I appoints Bismarck to orchestrate unification
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Nationalism:Then & Now
Unification - THEN
Germany
Germany• 1815 Germany had 39 states
called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria)
• Prussia leads unification– German population– Nationalistic movement– Stronger Army– Wilhelm I appoints Bismarck to
orchestrate unification
Unification - THEN
Italy
Italy• Mazzini: “The Soul”• Garibaldi: “The Sword”• Cavour: “The Brain”• Create a plan to unite Northern
Italy and Southern Italy into new nation state of Italy (Rome capital city)
Unification - NOW• May 22, 1990 - North and South
Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen
• October 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany (again!) after the fall of the Iron Curtain
Unification - NOW• Will South Korea ever reunite
with North Korea?
Unification - NOW
• Will Northern Ireland ever reunite with the Republic of Ireland?
Separation - THEN
Austrian Empire
Separation - THEN• Hungarians, Germans, Czechs,
Poles, Slovaks, Serbs, etc.• Lost Northern Land to Prussia
(smaller/weaker)• Pressure from Hungarians
causes split, becomes Austria-Hungary
• After WWI, breaks into several nation-states
Separation - THEN
Russian Empire
Separation - THEN• Ruled by Romanov Dynasty –
Czars!• Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians,
Latvians, Estonians, etc.• Each had own culture• Russification – forced Russian
culture on all ethnic groups BUT nationalism grows
• WWI & Communist Revolution lead to break up of Empire in 1917
Separation - THEN
Ottoman Empire
Separation - THEN• Ruled by Turks
• Controlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and Armenians
• Under pressure from British/French, granted equal citizenship to all people under their rule
• BUT this angered conservative Turks • Armenian Nationalist Movement
grows, Turks respond by massacring & deporting thousands from 1894-1896 & 1915
Separation - NOW• Fifteen new countries became independent
with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991
• Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s into five independent countries
• January 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolved
• May 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence
Separation - NOW• June 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of
Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendum
• June 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro split
• February 17, 2008 - Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia
• July 9, 2011 - South Sudan peacefully seceded from Sudan
Separation - NOW• Will Quebec separate from
Canada?
Separation - NOW• Will Chechnya separate from
Russia?
Separation - NOW• Will Scotland separate from the
UK?