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Submission ofAccounts and Final Report
Ref No. MRP (S) 0465/13-14/KAKA072/UGC-SWRO dated 28-03-2014
Prof. H. S. KOULAGIPrincipal InvestigatorBotany Department
K.L.E. Society's J.T. College, Gadag.
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON MEDICINALPLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON MEDICINALPLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON MEDICINALPLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON MEDICINALPLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON MEDICINALPLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
Sanctioned to
SOUTH WESTERN REGIONAL OFFICE (SWRO)P.K. Block, Palace Road, Gandhinagar,
BANGALORE - 560 009.
Submitted to
THE JOINT SECRETARY AND REGIONAL HEADUNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)South Western Regional Office (SWRO) Bangalore
Submission of Accounts and Final ReportRef : MRP(S)-0465/13-14/KAKA072/UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014.
MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT (MRP)
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ONMEDICINAL PLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
Sanctioned to
Prof. H.S. Koulagi,Principal Investigator
K.L.E. Society’sJagadguru Tontadarya College
Gadag – 582 101.
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)South Western Regional Office (SWRO) Bangalore
Submission of Accounts and Final ReportRef : MRP(S)-0465/13-14/KAKA072/UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014.
MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT (MRP)
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ONMEDICINAL PLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
Sanctioned to
Prof. H.S. Koulagi,Principal Investigator
K.L.E. Society’sJagadguru Tontadarya College
Gadag – 582 101.
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)South Western Regional Office (SWRO) Bangalore
Submission of Accounts and Final ReportRef : MRP(S)-0465/13-14/KAKA072/UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014.
MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT (MRP)
“ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ONMEDICINAL PLANTS OF KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS”
Sanctioned to
Prof. H.S. Koulagi,Principal Investigator
K.L.E. Society’sJagadguru Tontadarya College
Gadag – 582 101.
12
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Salient Features
Kappattagiri Hills
Country (India) State (Karnataka) District (Gadag) Gadag district is located in
the central part of northern Karnataka Taluka Mundaragi, Shirahatti, Gadag between
15.4167 N & 75.6167 E.
Lok Sabha Constituency Haveri Pin (582117).
Mode of access : Gadag (by Road) – 22 kms near Doni village about 4 kms
from Doni.
Kappattagiri hills an area having rich natural medicinal plants, Flora and Fauna
having a Canopy Cover of less than 0.5 this area comprising a continuous stretch of
hills of 64 kms length and 8-14 kms width from Binkadakatti to Singatalur. Gadag
District forest is situated in the Deccan Plateau. The general elevation ranges between
508 meters & 740 meters above mean sea level expect in some Kappattagiri hills
region where it is above 1000 msl and above.
The soil posses through every grade from bare rock to fairly deep loom with a
thin covering of humus. Dry land region with Black and Sandy red soil. Lot of Canker
nodules of lime are seen on flat and undulating land of forest.
The temperature during summer rises up to 42 C and during winter the
temperature goes down to 14 C.
The rain fall is moderate to low; the average annual rainfall is 613 mm with an
average of 43 rainy days of six months.
During southwest monsoon the relative humidity is high rang in between 75%
to 80% with commencement of the summer season from middle of February humidity
decreases day by day the relative humidity in the afternoons during summer is
between 22% to 27%. Winds blow predominantly above the hills approximately
average per hour about more than 70 kms.
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March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Due to Anthropogenic Activities & Climatic intervention & fire hazards there
is a threat to Kappattagiri hills. Hence there is need of evolving permanent precautions
and solutions to protect to conserve this precious and irreplaceable unique wealth of
nature for feature life.
Kappattagiri hills are one of home to temples and religious Maths. The lush
green Kappattagiri hills of Gadag district people about 40 surrounding villages make a
beeline for their priests not just for desire blessings, but also for cures for all sorts of
ailments, which they dole out in the form of the medicinal plants grow in abundance
here.
Traditional medicine systems are well flourished in our country and spreading
in other countries also. This system of medicine is passing from generation to
generation and used to treat many health ailments of human and animals more than
400 species of medicinal plants found in hills. The plants and holy water found in
Kappattagiri hills have the ability to boost immunity and healing many devotees have
been cured of diseases like paralysis, asthma, blood pressure and diabetes after being
treated with the medicinal plants and farmers believe that if they sprinkle the water on
their farmland it will keep away pests and crop disease says head of Kappatteshwar
Mallikarjun Swami. Kappattagiri hills are also rich in iron and gold ore deposits.
During the rains people around the area place sieves in way of the water flowing down
from the hills to collect grains of the metal and sell to the local goldsmiths. On the
Kappattagiri hills huge wind blowing. During rainy season the huge water is
collecting in Kappattagiri hills, as a result ground water level is increasing, hence
during summer, more than two thousand bore well every year become live. It helps to
farmers for agriculture. As on today this natural habitat is disturbed by anthropogenic
activities. The ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India and
Government of Karnataka have recognized Kappattagiri hills is on high priority to
conserve and protect the treasure of medicinal plants, for the future generation.
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March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
A burning belief every year during summer the shrubs and grasslands on the
Kappattagiri hills are torched by villagers. The residents of the villages worship the
deity of the hill, Kappatha Mallayya. For many years now they have been burning the
plants, believed to be the deity’s “forehead” out of gratitude for fulfilling their
prayers. Local cowherds also follow similar practice, such ecologically harmful
practice has not been able to stop till today.
15
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Study Area
Kappattagiri Hills
16
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Introduction
Every country is characterized by its own biodiversity depending mainly on its
climates. India is well known for significant geographical diversity. The state of
Karnataka the part of the highly biodiversity rich is a part of India. The state has a
western Ghats hill Chains and Deccan plateau. The nature and humans are
interconnected or rather interdependent and should exist in harmony and balance. Any
type of change in this inter dependence can imbalance the surrounding either, that is
natural or manmade. The value of biodiversity in terms of its commercial utility,
ecological services, social and aesthetic value is enormous.
The present investigation provides anthropogenic impact on biodiversity
especially of medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills regions. The need for indigenous
knowledge for a sustainable management and conservation of natural resources
receives more recognition. The present study was under taken to give awareness and
importance about National Resources, Medicinal plants & their conservation.
The herbal medicine is widely practiced throughout the world from time
immemorial and is safe and environment friendly. Ethno Botanical documentation and
information reveals great potential of Ethno Botanical knowledge as a key to largely
untapped biological and genetical resources. Herbal medicines once, there is lack of
awareness about human activities threat to medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hill
region.
The Kappattagudda forest is an area in Gadag district is about 21923 hector.
This region is rich in flora and fauna, especially medicinal plants, Gold and Iron ore,
granite, carbon, sulphar and winds are generally more in strength. This is the only area
in north Karnataka comprising a continuous stretch of hill rocks of 64 kms length and
8.14 km width from Binkadakatti to Singatalur. Kappattagiri forest area’s natural
environment can easily be affected or harmed which needs the special protection.
As a result of human activities, the Biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills is under
serious threat. Ethno botanical knowledge is needed to improve restoration efforts of
17
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
state and federal agencies, tribes and private organizations. Especially this region is
exploited for wind power generation, gold mining, fire hazards, deforestation and
forest encroachment by tribal and local people and also other human activities. There
is a vital need to benefit of human kind before it vanishes. A great many Kappattagiri
medicinal plants are used directly as medicine. The contribution of medicinal plants
makes to many people’s lives in terms of health support, financial income, cultural
identity and livelihood security. Nature worship has been a key force in determining
human attitudes towards conservation and sustainable utilization of Biodiversity. This
project gives awareness of native medicinal plants and ecological importance and also
will help the government to initiate the conservation efforts.
Materials and Methods
The study was carried out in Kappattagiri hills near Doni village in Gadag
district and the nearby fields. Observations were made over a period of two years i.e.
from 2014 to 2016. Surveys were done by systematically working on fixed routes
through the study area. Anthropogenic impacts observed and identified according to
convenience throughout the year. Observations were carried out with the aid of
binoculars. Taxonomic key indicators will be used in identification of medicinal
plants. Survey of traditional healers is done by counseling local people around
Kappattagiri hills area. Impact areas are survey with the help of forest staff to locate
threaten areas. Impacts seen were recorded by photography and confirmed are
mentioned in this report.
18
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Results and Discussion
The Kappathgiri Forest comprises fairly shrubs and grass patches. A general
survey revealed that huge number of medicinal plants of which 340 most common
medicinal plants are identified for the use. Somyda febrifuge, Hardwickia bipinnata.
Dalbergia paniculata and Adatoda vasica etc. the major speicies in that order in term
of distribution. Many of economically important species like Cassia siamia, Emblica
officinallis. Grandinia gummifera, Randia dometorum etc occur in large number.
Sandal “the pride of Karnataka” occurs naturally in Kappattagudda region. The List of
identified medicinal plants with families in table – 1. The details about important
medicinal plants and their uses in table – 2 and method of medicinal plants used by
Local Health Traditional Healing Practitioners in table – 3.
Table – 1 : Showing medicinal plants with families of Kappattagiri Hills.
Sl. No. Botanical Name Family
1 Abrus precatorius Fabiaceae
2 Abutilon hirtum(Lam.) Sweet. Malvaceae
3 Abutilon indicum (L.)Sweet. Malvaceae
4 Abutilon pannosum (G.Forster)Schlecht. Malvaceae
5 Acacia caesia (L.)Willd. Mimoseae
6 Acacia catechu Mimosoideae
7 Acacia chrundra (Rottler)Willd. Mimoseae
8 Acacia eburnea (L.f.)Willd. Mimoseae
9 Acacia farnesiana (L.)Willd Mimoseae
10 Acacia ferruginea DC. Mimoseae
11 Acacia latronum Willd. Mimoseae
12 Acacia leucophloea(Roxb.)Willd. . Mimoseae
13 Acacia nilotica (L.)Willd. Mimoseae
14 Achyranthus aspera L. Amarantaceae
15 Aegle marmelos Corr. Rutaceae
19
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
16 Aerva lanata L.Jussieu ex Schultes. Amarantaceae
17 Aerva sanguinolenta (L.)Blume, Amarantaceae
18 Alangium Salvifolium (L.f.)Wang. Ssp. Salvifolium Alangiaceae
19 Albizia procera Fabaciae
20 Aloe vera (L.)N. Burman Liliaceae
21 Alphinia galanga Zingiberaceae
22 Alternanthera pungens Humboldt. Amarantaceae
23 Alternanthera sessilis(L.)R.Br Amarantaceae
24 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae
25 Amaranthus viridis L. Amarantaceae
26 Ampelocissus tomentosa (Roth.)Planchon Acanthaceae
27 Ancardium occidentale Anacardiaceae
28 Andrographis echioides Nees. Acanthaceae
29 Andrographis paniculata Nees. Acanthaceae
30 Anisomeles heyneana Benth. Labiateae
31 Annona squamosa Annonaceae
32 Anogeissus latifolia (DC)Wall ex Guill & Perr. Combretaceae
33 Argrmone mexicana L. Papaveraceae
34 Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae
35 Artocarpus hirsutus Moraceae
36 Asparagus gonocladodes Baker Liliaceae
37 Asparagus jacquemonti Baker Liliaceae
38 Asparagus laevissimus Steud in Hohen Liliaceae
39 Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae
40 Barleria cristata L. Acanthaceae
41 Barleria cuspidata Heyne. Acanthaceae
42 Barleria gibsoni Dalz. Acanthaceae
43 Barleria priontis L. Acanthaceae
44 Barleria tomentosa Roth. Acanthaceae
45 Basella alba L. Basellaceae
20
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
46 Bauhinia raecmosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae
47 Boerhavia chinesis (L.) Nyctaginaceae
48 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae
49 Boswellia serrata Roxb. Burseaceae
50 Bridelia crenulata Roxb. Euphorbiaceae
51 Bridelia stipularis Phyllanthaceae
52 Butea suparba Papilionaceae
53 Cadaba fruticosa (L) Druce. Capparidaceae
54 Caesalpinia bondus(L.) (Jacq.)Willd. Caesalpiniaceae
55 Caesalpinia coriaria(Jacq.)Willd. Caesalpiniaceae
56 Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae
57 Calotropis procera (Ait.)R.Br. Asclepiadaece
58 Capparis deciduas (Forsk)Edgew. Capparidaceae
59 Capparis divaricata Lam. Capparidaceae
60 Capparis sepiaria L. Capparidaceae
61 Carissa carandus L. Apocyanaceae
62 Carrisa spinaraum L. Apocyanaceae
63 Cassia auriculata L. Caesalpinia
64 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpinia
65 Cassia italica L. Caesalpinia
66 Cassia occidentalis L. Caesalpinia
67 Cassia sericea SW. Caesalpinia
68 Cassia surratensis N.Burman, Caesalpinia
69 Cassiatora L. Caesalpinia
70 Cassica siamia Caesalpinioideae
71 Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae
72 Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Trivengadum Rubiaceae
73 Celrodendrum serratum(L.)Moon Celasteraceae
74 Ceropegia hirusta W & A. Asclepiadaece
75 Ceropegia juncea Roxb. W & A. Asclepiadaece
21
March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
76 Chloroxylon swietenia DC.NC Meliaceae
77 Cissus pallida (W. & A.) Steudel Vitaceae
78 Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Verbenaceae
79 Clerodendrum serratum (L.)Moon Verbenaceae
80 Clitoria ternatea L. Papilionaceae
81 Coccinia grandis(L.) Voigt. Cucrbitaceae
82 Cocculus hirsutus(L.)Diels. Menispermaceae
83 Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Flacourtiaceae
84 Coldenia procumbens L. Boraginaceae
85 Coleus barbatus (Andr.)Benth. Labiateae
86 Cordia macleodi Boragenaceae
87 Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth L. Asclepiadaece
88 Crotalaria chinenensis L. Asclepiadaece
89 Crotalaria hebecarpa (DC.) Rudd. Asclepiadaece
90 Crotalaria pallida Ait. Asclepiadaece
91 Croton bonplandianus Baillon. Asclepiadaece
92 Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. Asclepiadaece
93 Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. Asclepiadaece
94 Cyanotis fasciculate Schult. Commelinaceae
95 Cynodo dactylon (L.)Pers. Gramineae
96 Dalbargia lacceolaria L.f. Papilionaceae
97 Dalbargia latifolia Rox Papilionaceae
98 Datura stramonium Solanaceae
99 Delonix elata Gamble. Cacesalpinieae
100 Desmodium laxiflorum Dc. Papilionaceae
101 Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Mimoseae
102 Digera arvensis Forsk. Amaranthaceae
103 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoriaceae
104 Diosorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoreaceae
105 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Ebenaceae
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March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
106 Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae
107 Diplocyclos plamatus (L.)Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae
108 Dodonea viscose Jacq. Staphyleaceae
109 Dolichondrone falcata seem. Bignoniaceae
110 Eclipta prostrate (L.)L. Compositeae
111 Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae
112 Eriolaena quinuelocularis (W & A.) Cleghorn Sterculiaceae
113 Eugenia corymbosa Myrtaceae
114 Eugenia jambolana Myrtaceae
115 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae
116 Euphorbia tircucalli Euphorbiaceae
117 Feronia eliphantum Rutaceae
118 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae
119 Flacourtia indica (N.Burman)Merrill, Flacoutiaceae
120 Flocartia ramontchi Salicaceae
121 Gardenia gummifera L. Rubiacece
122 Gardenia lucida Rubiaceae
123 Gardenia resinifera Rubiaceae
124 Glinus oppositifolius (L.)DC. Molluginaceae
125 Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Amaranthaceae
126 Grewia damine Gaertner Sterculiaceae
127 Grewia flavescens Juss. Sterculiaceae
128 Grewia orbiculata Rottler. Sterculiaceae
129 Grewia populifoia Tiliaceae
130 Grewia salcifolia Tiliaceae
131 Grewia tenax (Forsk.)Fiori Sterculiaceae
132 Grewia tiliaefolia Tiliaceae
133 Grewia villosa Willd. Sterculiaceae
134 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.)R.Br. Asclepiadaece
135 Hardwicikia binnata Roxb. Caesalpinia
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March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
136 Hedyotis puberula (G.Don)Arn. Rubiaceae
137 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae
138 Hemidesmus indicus (L)R.Br. Asclepiadaece
139 Heterophragma roxburghii Bignoniaceae
140 Hibiscus lobatus L. Malvaceae
141 Holostemma ada-kodien Schultes Asclepiadaece
142 Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.F.v.Muell) Volaceae
143 Hyptis suaveolens Poit.s Lamaiceae
144 Impatiens balsamina L. Balsminaceae
145 Indidofera tinctria L. Papilionaceae
146 Ipomoea obscura (L.)Ker-gawl. Boraginaceae
147 Ipomoeastyphylina Roem. Boraginaceae
148 Ixora arborea oxb ex Smith Rubiaceae
149 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae
150 Ixora parviflora Rubiaceae
151 Jasaminum roxburghianumWall. Oleaceae
152 Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae
153 Justicia betonica L. Acanthaceae
154 Kalanchoe olivacea Dalz Crassuleceae
155 Kirganelia reticulate (Poiret)Baillon Phyllanthaceae
156 Lagernaria siceraria (Molina) Stand. Cucurbitaceae
157 Lannea coromandelica (Houttuyn)Merrill Anacardiaceae
158 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae
159 Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae
160 Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Acanthaceae
161 Leptadenia reticulate (Retz.) bWight &Arn. Asclepiadaece
162 Leucas lanataBenth. Labiataeae
163 Leucas martinicensis(Jacq.)R. Br. Labiataeae
164 Leucas stricta Benth. Labiataeae
165 Linaria ramosissima Wall. Scrophulriaceae
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March2017
[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
166 Linum mysurense Benth. Linaceae
167 Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. Solanaceae
168 Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk) A. Capparaceae
169 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
170 Maytenus emerginata(Willd)Ding Hou Celastraceae
171 Millingtonia hortenis Bignoniaceae
172 Mimosa hamata Willd Mimoseae
173 Mimosa pudica L. Mimoseae
174 Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae
175 Mundulia suberosa Fabiaceae
176 Naravelia zeylanica (L.)DC. Ranunculaceae
177 Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Rutaceae
178 Nerium indicum Apocynaceae
179 Ocimum canum Lamiaceae
180 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae
181 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Labiataeae
182 Onosma bracteatum Boraginaceae
183 Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalitaceae
184 Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae
185 Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek Rubiaceae
186 Pavonia zeylanica(L) Cav. Malvaceae
187 Pentatropis capensis(L.f) Bullock Asclepiadaece
188 Pergullaria pallida Wight & Arn. Apocynaceae
189 Peristrophe paniculata(Forsk) Burmmit. Acanthaceae
190 Phyllanthus fraternus Webster, Euphorbiaceae
191 Phyllanthus maderapetensis L. Euphorbiaceae
192 Pimpenella heyneana (DC.)Kurz. Umbelliferae
193 Piper nirgum Piperaceae
194 Pistia stratiotes Araceae
195 Plectranthus incanus Link. Labiateae
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[SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT] UGC sponsored Minor Research Projectsanctioned to KLE Society’s Jagadguru Tontadarya College, Gadag (Vide Ref No.MRP(S)-0465/1314/ KAKA072/ UGC-SWRO dated 28.03.2014)
Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
196 Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae
197 Pogostemon paniculatus Benth. Labiateae
198 Polygala erioptera DC. Polygalaceae
199 Polygonum plebeium var indica J.Hooker Basellaceae
200 Pongamia glabra Fabiaceae
201 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Papillionaceae
202 Portulaca pilosa L. Portulacaceae
203 Premna integrifolia L. Verbenaceae
204 Prosopis cineralria Fabiaceae
205 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Papillionaceae
206 Pulicaria wightiana C B Clarke. Asteraceae
207 Punica granatum Punicaceae
208 Putranjika roxburghil Euphorbiaceae
209 Randia spinosa Rubiaceae
210 Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae
211 Rauvolifa tetraphylla Apocynaceae
212 Rawlfia serpentinea Apocynaceae
213 Rhus mysorensis G.Don. Anacardiaceae
214 Rhynchosia viscosa DC. Papillionaceae
215 Rivea hypocaeterifofmis Choisy Convolvulaceae
216 Rungia elegans Dalz &Gibs. Acanthaceae
217 Salvadora persica L. Salvadoraceae
218 Santalum album L. Santalaceae
219 Sarcostemma acidum(Roxb.)Voigt. Asclepiadaece
220 Sarcostemma intermedium Decaisne. Asclepiadaece
221 Scilla hyacinthina (Roth.)MCBride. Liliaceae
222 Scindapsus officinalis Araceae
223 Securinega vircosa DC Phyllanthaceae
224 Sesbenia grandiflora Fabaceae
225 Sida cardifolia Malvaceae
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226 Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae
227 Solanum indicum Solanaceae
228 Solanum surattense Solanaceae
229 Solanum torvum L. Solanaceae
230 Solanum trilobatum L. Solanaceae
231 Sopubia delphinifolia (L.)G Don. Orobanchaceae
232 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis(L.)Vahl. Verbenaceae
233 Stephania japonica (hunb)iers Menispermaceae
234 Striga desiflora Benth & Hook. Scrophulariaceae
235 Strychnus nuxvomica Loganiaceae
236 Stylosanthes fruitcosa (Retz.)Alston Fabaceae
237 Syzgium gardneri Thwaites Myrataceae
238 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae
239 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae
240 Tamarix ericoides Rottler Tamariaceae
241 Tectona grandis L. Verbenaceae
242 Teminalia alata Heyene ex Roth. Combretaceae
243 Teminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC)W.& A. Combretaceae
244 Tephrosia purpurea Fabiaceae
245 Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Persoon. Papilionaceae
246 Tephrosia villosa Pers. Papilionaceae
247 Terminalia catapa Combretaceae
248 Terminelia bellirica Combretaceae
249 Terminelia chebula Combretaceae
250 Tinospora cordifolia(Willd.) Menispermaceae
251 Tragia hildebrandtii Muell-Arg Euphorbiaceae
252 Tribulus terrestris L. Malpighiaceae
253 Trichodesma africanum R. Br.Prodr. Boraginaceae
254 Trichodesma indicum Br. Boraginaceae
255 Tridax procumbens L. Compositae
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256 Trigonella foenum graecum Fabaceae
257 Tylophora fasciculate Buch. Asclepiadaece
258 Tylophora indica Ascelpiadaceae
259 Urena sinuate L. Malvaceae
260 Vallaris solanaceae Kuntze Apocyanaceae
261 Ventilago madraspatana Gaertner Hippocaradeaceae
262 Verbena officinalis L. Verbenaceae
263 Vernonia cinerea Less. Compositae
264 Vitex negundo L. Acanthaceae
265 Waltheria indica L. Malvaceae
266 Withania somnifera Solanaceae
267 Wrighita tinctoria R. Br. Apocyanaceae
268 Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae
269 Xemenia Americana L. Olacaceae
270 Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamaaceae
271 Zizipus jujube Lam. Rhamaaceae
Table – 2 : Showing the details about common important medicinal
plants and their uses.
Sl. No Botanical name Family Disease
prevention
Parts of the
plants used
1. Hibiscus ahelmoshus Malvaceae cancer Seed
2. Argomone maxicana Papavereaceae Blood disease,
chronic cough
Root
3. Plectranthus
amboinicus
Lebiateae Asthma Leaf
4. Vitex niguundo Verbenaceae Skin disease Leaf
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5. Oxalis corniculata Oxaliadaceae Mouth
freshener
Leaf
6. Abrus precatorius Leguminaceae Skin disease Leaf
7. Oscimum basicum Lamiaceae Heat reducing Seed
8. Santalum album Santalaceae Cancer and
diabetes
Root and leaf
9. Tinospra cordifolia Menispermaceae Fever, debates Leaf, stem
10. Catheranthus roseus Lauraceae Cancer Leaf, root
11. Aloe barbedonsis Liliaceae Piles leaf
12. Piper nigrum Piperaceae Cold and cough Seed
13. Ixora coccinico Rubiaceae Kidney stones Root
14. Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae Skin disease,
conditioner
Leaf
15. Hemidesmus indicus Crucifera Blood
purification,
allergy
Leaf
16. Aristolochia,indica Aristolochiaceae Diabetes Root and leaf
17. Curculigo orchioides Amaryllidaceae Asthma Root
18. Phyllanthus niruri Euphorpiaceae Jaundice, liver
disorder
Leaves
19. Gymnia sylvertris Asclepiadaceae Diabetes Leaf
20. Raulfia tetraphylla Apocynaceae Blood pressure Root
21. Adathoda vesica Acantheceae Cold, cough
and asthma
Leaf
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22 Bacopa monnieri Derohulariaceae Pituitary gland Leaf
23 Centella asiatica Umbelliferae Cancer Leaf
24 Artocarpus hirsute Urticaceae Skin disease Leaf, bark
25 Withani somnifera Solanaceae Nervous system Root
26 Tribules terrestris Zygophyllaceae Urinary
disorders
Fruits
27 Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae High blood
pressure, liver
disorder,
jaundice,
diuretic.
Leaves and
roots
28 Callotropis gigantea Asclepidaceae Cough and
cold, dropsy
,inflammation
Flower
powder,
leaves.
Table – 3 : Showing the method of medicinal plants of practical uses. The parts of
medicinal plants can be used either raw or after drying in the form of powder.
1 Ocimum sanctium –
Lamiaceae
One tea spoon juice of the leaves is given with
addition of black pepper in fever.
2 Euphoribia hirta –
Euphorbiacae
Latex and milky juice is applied on wart due to its
antibacterial activity.
3 Boerbavia diffusa –
Nyctaginaceae
150 gm roots, boiled in water and strained the
extract in given to the patient with chronic cough.
4 Terminalia arjuna –
Combrataceae
The powdered bark is used in hypertension and
decoction of bark is used as mouth wash oral ulcers.
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5 Amaranthus spinosus
- Amaranthaceae
Pest of root applied to abscesses, boils and bums.
6 Argemone maxicana
– papaveraceae
150 gm roots, boiled in water and strained and the
extract is given to the patient with chronic cough.
7 Terminalia bellirica –
Combrataceae
The Fruit powder is used as tonic and laxative. It is
also used as brain tonic, useful in piles, leprosy,
dropsy and fever.
8 Calotropis gigantea –
Asclepiadaceae
Leaves juice is given daily for the treatment of blood
pressure.
9 Mirabilis jalapa –
Nyctaginaceae
Roots of this plant constitute the drug, powdered
root is used to treat pain in abdomen.
10 Dioscorea bulbifera –
Dioscoriaceae
The flower powder is used thrice a day for one week
in cough and cold.
11 Xanthium strumarium
– (Compositae)
Asteraceae
Mature leaves possess the medicinal properties,
which is used to treat skin and bladder infections, to
stop bleeding from cuts and abrasions, neck gland
tuberculosis and herpes. It is remedy on mad dogs
bite.
12 Gardenia resinifera –
Rubiaceae
It is remedy for indigestion in children, crushed roots
applied to the scalp
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LUSH GREEN KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
LUSH GREEN KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS VEGETATION
MEDICINAL PLANTS VEGETATION
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
MEDICINAL PLANTS
Shri Shivakumar Maha Swamiji, Nandiverimath, Kappattagiri hillsPlant Genome Sevior Community Award received by the Govt. of India
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
HOLY WATER
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TEMPLES AT KAPPATTAGERI HILLS
KAPPAT MALLAYYA TEMPLE
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KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
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Wild animals found in Kappattagiri hills approximately more than 100
different species. Some of them are 15 very common. The list of wild
animals given in the table – 4,5, 6 & 7.
FAUNA OCCURING IN THE KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
Table No. – 4 : Showing Mammals
Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Common fox Vulpes bengalensis
2 Fruit bat
3 Black buck Antelpe cervicapra
4 Hyaena Hyaena, hyaena
5 Common langur Presbtlis entellus
6 Squirrel
7 Panther (Leopard) Panthera pardus
8 Rat
9 Jungle cat Felis chans
10 Indian wolf Canis lupus pallipes
11 Mangoose Herpestes Spp.
12 Jackal Canis aureus
13 Mice
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14 Hare Lapus nigricallis
15 Indian porcupine Hystrix indica
16 Spotted Deer Axis axis
17 Wild boar Sus scrofa
Table No. – 5 : Showing Birds
Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Blue pigeon Columbia livia
2 Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis
3 Black headed oriole Oriolus xanthornus
4 Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis
5 Common myna Acridotheres tristis
6 Chestnut bellied nut-hatch Sitta castanea
7 Black winged kite Elanus caerulus
8 Blue jay Coracias benghalensis
9 Cattle egret Babulus ibis
10 Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis
11 Common hawk Cuculus varins
12 Common weaver bird Ploceus phillippinus
13 Common peafowl Pavo cristatus
14 Grey babbler Turdoides malcolmi
15 Pied Wagtail Motacilla Maderaspatensis
16 Munia Lonchura Spp
17 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea
18 Jungle crow Corvus macroshynchos
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19 Jungle myna Acridotheres fusens
20 Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus
21 House sparrow Passer domesticus
22 Golden backed wood pecker Dinopium benghalensis
23 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata
24 Pariah Kite Milnus migrans
25 Red Vented bulbul Pycnonotus eafer
26 Red turtle dove Streptopelia Spp
27 Grey wagtail Motacilla caspica
28 Grey jungle fowl Gallus sonnerata
29 Great horned owl Bubo bubo
30 Grey patridge Francolinus pondicerianus
31 Whistling thrush Myiophoneus horsfieldii
Table No. – 6 : Showing Reptiles
Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Cobra Naja tripudians
2 Garden lizard
3 Chameleon Chameleo calcaratus
4 Viper Echis carinata
5 Krait Bangarus ceruleus
6 Tortoise
7 Python
8 Rat snake
9 Monitor lizard
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Table No. – 7 : Showing Crustaceans and insects
Sl. No. Common Name
1 Crabs
2 Butterflies and moths
3 Scorpions
4 Beetles
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ANIMALS AT KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
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Rock, Ore’s and Soil
The gadag forest tract is mainly a schist belt which represents on assembly of
volcanosedimentary group of rocks exposed in the area north of Tungabhadra river.
The geological formation in the tract represents two groups of two different eras
namely gneisses, schists and granites belonging to the Archaean era and Deccan trap
rocks belonging to the Mesozoic era.
The schist belt’s are Granites and Gneisses there are two types of schists, the
chlorite schistand Hornblend schists. Gadag schist belt is known for its auriferous
mineralization. The known gold bearing areas are located and confired to
metravolcanics and metasediments. Kappattagiri hills approximately about 60% to
63% iron ore in the form of Siderite, Haematite, Lymotite along with this gold,
mangenes, copper, calcium and many others overall about 18 types of ores are
available. The Kappattagiri hills is a part of mythology the Sanjivini Parvata (hill) was
lifted by god Hanuman to save the life of Ram’s brother Lakshman in the Ramayan. It
has been known as the hill of gold, but of late not much is being done regarding
mining of the precious metal. The gadag gold fields cover around 128 sqkm. Despite
this trail of gold, local gold diggers are still searching for it through various means
during rainy season they place sieves against the flowing water coming down from the
hills and collect the precious metal which they sell to local goldsmiths they also take
up sub-surface mining, wherever they strike gold veins. The local traders go to
villages around Kappattagiri hills to buy gold from the villagers. According to
goldsmiths the purity of gold procured from Kappattagiri hills is 80% or 20 to 22
carats.
The Gold field activity was seen at numerous places in Kappattagudda region.
The gadag gold fields were active from 1901-1911 involving nearly 50 odd companies
up to the First World War. Very recently mining work was started in 1992. But
unfortunately due to high carbon and sulphor contents in the ore the excavation
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became uneconomical and also the operation conditions were not favourable. Due to
these reasons mining activities came to an end.
Recently some parts of Kappattagiri hills have been explored for Iron ore, the
soil passes through every grade from bare rock to fairly deep loam with a thin
covering of humus. The soil is poor on hill tops and improves in valleys and lower
slopes. The soils in the valleys are highly fertile but the productivity is limited by the
rain fall received. The lot of Canker nodules of lime are seen on flat and undulating
land of forest.
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ROCK & ORE’S
ROCK & ORE’S
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IMPORTANT PLACES IN KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
Excurssion places
Sl. No. Places1 Kari Siddapana Pade2 Bedar Kannappa Pade3 Manjina Doni
Medicinal Forest Zones
Sl. No. Zones1 Sanjeevini Kolla2 Atti Kolla3 Kalpavruksha Vana4 Kada kola
Maths
Sl. No. Maths1 Gangibhavi Mata2 Nandiveri Math
Hills
Sl. No. Maths1 Jolada rashi hills2 Navani rasi hills3 Hesarina rasi hills
Tanks
Sl. No. Maths1 Hagalu batti tank2 Manjina tank3 Aalad tank
Watershed Zones
Kappattagiri hills water zones are very useful to forms of Mundaragi and
Shirahatti taluka about more than 30 streams and lakes took birth in Kappattagiri hills
and excess water at the end join to Tungabhadra river.
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Wind plants
In Gadag district six wind power plant Agency working about 340.10 hectare
land area covered by 240 wind mills.
WIND PLANT
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The forest area threatened by Anthropogenic Activities given in following
tables 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Table No. – 8 : Showing Kappattagiri Hills forest area covered by Anthropogenic
Activities
Sl. No. Kappattagiri Hill Zone Area
1 Mundavad Tank Irrigation 23.96 hector
2 Wind mill project 12.00 hector
3 Water Supply 0.041 hector
4 Electricity line 6.75 hector
5 Roads and other constructions 25.96 hector
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ROADS IN KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
WATER SUPPLY LINE
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Table No. 9 : Showing Kappattagiri Hills Forest area threatened due to fire
hazards (latest details as on date)
Sl.No.
Year No. of Incidents Area Affected Cause of fire
1 2011-12 11 267.0 hector Man made purposely
2 2012-13 5 120.00 hector Man made purposely
3 2013-14 7 160.00 hector Man made purposely
4 2014-15 6 95.00 hector Man made purposely
5 2015-16 8 48.00 hector Man made purposely
6 2016-17 20 166.80 hector Man made purposely
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2011-12 2012-13
11
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Table No. 9 : Showing Kappattagiri Hills Forest area threatened due to fire
hazards (latest details as on date)
Sl.No.
Year No. of Incidents Area Affected Cause of fire
1 2011-12 11 267.0 hector Man made purposely
2 2012-13 5 120.00 hector Man made purposely
3 2013-14 7 160.00 hector Man made purposely
4 2014-15 6 95.00 hector Man made purposely
5 2015-16 8 48.00 hector Man made purposely
6 2016-17 20 166.80 hector Man made purposely
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
5
76
8
No. of Incidents
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Table No. 9 : Showing Kappattagiri Hills Forest area threatened due to fire
hazards (latest details as on date)
Sl.No.
Year No. of Incidents Area Affected Cause of fire
1 2011-12 11 267.0 hector Man made purposely
2 2012-13 5 120.00 hector Man made purposely
3 2013-14 7 160.00 hector Man made purposely
4 2014-15 6 95.00 hector Man made purposely
5 2015-16 8 48.00 hector Man made purposely
6 2016-17 20 166.80 hector Man made purposely
2016-17
20
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Fire may injure or kill part of a plants or the entire plants and animals, insects
etc depending on how intensely the fire burns and how long is exposed to high
temperature the small trees and grass and some animal species are easier to kill than
large ones. Fires whether cases by man or nature results in huge loss of forest cover.
Every year in a strange thanks giving ritual during summer, the shrubs and
grasslands on the Kappattagiri hills are torched by villagers living around the area.
The department of forest is concerned that precious flora and fauna are getting
burnt on the hill tracts during these rituals. It has been merely dousing the forest fires
that begin after such events but has not been able to stop the ecologically harmful
practice.
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FIRE HAZARDS AT KAPPATTAGIRI HILLS
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FIRE HAZARDS
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
Prof. H.S. Koulagi, Principal Investigator & team
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Encroachment of Kappattagiri forest area
The main cause of encroachment identified as the socio-economic cause ie
limited land and unemployment. Kappattagiri forest area encroached by local and
tribal people. According to recent survey was conducted by forest and revenue
department, approximately more than two thousand hectare forest land of Kappattagiri
Hills forcibly encroached by tribal and local people of nearby villages.
Table No. 10 : Showing Total Area of the Gadag district forest – 6300.37 acre
Year Enchrached area
Before 1978 758.39 acre
After 1978 1481.21acre
Total 2240.21 acre
The above data represents definitely the number of enchroachers forcibly
occupied the most of Kappattagiri hills forest area for their cultivation purpose. This is
a dangerous activity, should not be continued, this activity has a bad impact on whole
biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills.
Encroachment of Kappattagiri forest area
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Deforestation
Deforestation is one of the great processes of landscape transformation and to
allow agriculture, we could include the need of money and also for fodder land for
grazing and surviving live stock, at other times to provide fuel for domestic purposes
or to provide charchol, wood for constructions etc. Such human activities are causing
a rapid depletion of forests. As a result countless plant species and animals are facing
considerable danger of extention and also drives climate change, causes more extreme
temperature swings that can be harmful to plants and animals.
Prof. H.S. Koulagi, Principal Investigator interacting with thelocal people regarding deforestation
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
DEFORESTATION
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Illegal mining activity in Kappattagiri hill region
There have been severe ecological changes due to illegal mining. Certain
species of animals have disappeared. Medicinal plants from the area do not grow any
more. The entire system of rain has changed in the district of Gadag. The entire
surrounding the mining area is denuded of greenery and has no agricultural activity.
Surface gold mining by the local people is practiced since from many years is major
threat to Biodiversity in Kappattagiri hills
The impact of mining activity on the environment includes erosion, sinkholes
formation loss of biodiversity and contamination of soil, ground water and surface
water by chemicals using in the mining process. Which creating totally environmental
damage. The anthrophogenic substances release can have major impact on
biodiversity losses. The direct poisoning caused by mine extracted material and also
indirect poising through food and water can affect micro organisms and animals.
Endemic species are sensitive, since they need specific environmental conditions.
Destruction of their habitat puts them at the risk of extinction. The habitat can be
damaged due to large rocks from the mines that ore discarded in the surrounding
landscape. Humans also effected by mining there are many diseases that can come
from the pollutants that are released in to the air and water during mining process.
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
ILLEGAL MINING
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
ILLEGAL MINING
ILLEGAL MINING LOSS BIODIVERSITY
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Over exploitation of medicinal plants by industries and Local Health
Traditional Healing Practitioners. The number of industries and local traditional
practioners using medicinal plants is increasing. Many of these firms, which had their
base in the state for several decades, are now looking towards Kappattagiri hills to
meet their requirements of raw material, as plants are facing extinction.
LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONAL HEALING PRACTITIONERS
INTERACTION WITH PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Table No. 11 : Endangered species of Kappattagiri hills
Sl. No. Botanical Name Local Name
1 Aegle mormelos Belpatri Bel
2 Gardenia gummifera Bhicky gida
3 Santallum album Chandan, Gandha
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
AWARENESS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS
FIELD STUDY
Principal Investigator with Staff and Students
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
AWARENESS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS
Shri Prasanna Kumar, Deputy Commission, Gadag District, Gadag.
District Forest Officer, Gadag.
Field study - School Children
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
AWARENESS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS PROTECTION AND
CONSERVATION EFFORTS
Shri Shivakumar Maha Swamiji, Nandiverimath,Prof. H.S. Koulagi, Principal Investigator and J.T. College Staff and Students
Field Study
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Summary and Conclusion
Kappattagiri hills situated in the Deccan Plateau region in Gadag district,
Karnataka State. Apart from its beauty Kappattagiri hill area is highly resourceful area
starts from Binkadakatti to Singatalur. Spreaded over from south to north for about
60-65 kms and width is about 2 kms to 10 kms located at 2700 ft. MSL. Kappattagiri
hill is full of resources with Rich in Flora and Fauna especially natural rare medicinal
plants and winds are generally more in strength the unique feature of this forest is
known as ecologically sensitive area. The value of biodiversity in terms of its
commercial utility, ecological services, social and aesthetic value is enormous in the
year 1882 the Bombay Govt Research team identified more than 18 ores wealth some
of them are very important gold, manganese, copper, iron hidden under its layers.
Recently in the year 2006 Karnataka Govt. Forest Department survey the plants
and animals found in the Kappattagiri hills more than 340 rare medicinal plants being
used by many producers of Ayurvedic medicine and local doctors. Kappattagiri hill is
like the Himalayas of North in this region. It is also den for many wild animals.
Kappattagiri hills forest comprises of herbs, shrubs, trees, Grasses and climbers
etc. Approximately more than 340 medicinal plant species are identified some
important once are Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Withania
Somnifera. Aloe barbedonsis. Adhothoda vasica, Gymnia Sylvestris, Rauvolfia
serpentia, Santalum album, Oscimum basilicum, Phyllanthus fraterms, Vitex nigunda,
Abrus precatorius etc.
Some common animals found in the forest. Acinoyx jubatus, Antilope
cervicapra, Conis lupus, Reindeer, Porcupine, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni, Felis
silvetris, Pavo cristatus, Psittaciformes, Columba livia, Corvus corax, Passerine,
Acridotheres tristis, luscinia megarhynchol, Sciuromorpha, lizards, calotes, snakes,
earth worm, butterfly, honey bee, insects and micro organisms. Honey used by around
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
forty thousand people of Shirahatti, Mundaragi and Gadag taluk of 36 villages
surrounding area of Kappattagiri hills.
According to the census 2006 realising all this the british govt had declared it
earlier this hill had a grand look of greenery supporting for showers and eco balance.
But it is changed. The whole natural resources will be ransacked causing pollution
leading to eco imbalance and loss of natural habitat for both men and animals.
During rainy season near Tungabhadra dam huge water is collecting
approximately it is more than 3 times water covered Kappattagiri hills. As a result
ground water level in surrounding area increases. Due to water logged condition more
than 30 tanks in Kappattagiri hills namely Hagalu Batti tank, Manjina tank, Alad tank,
Katti Kirabana tak, Gold tank etc and also many streams are filled with water during
rainy season. As a result ground water level increasing during summer more than three
thousand borewells every year becomes live. It helps to former for agriculture and also
for drinking water.
Every year farmers of near by villages before sowing their field they are
worshiping god mallayya at Kappattagiri Hills by preparing food and they stay about
2 – 3 days they have tradition of getting seeds from swamiji and mixing those seeds
with their seeds in the house using such holy seeds to their fields as a tradition.
Kappattagiri hill is a spiritual holy place. There are so many holy places, they are
Gangibhavi, Mangana Matha, Nandiveri Matha. During shravana masa people
celebrating jatra festival. Some hills are named as Jolada rashi hills, Navani rashi hills,
Hesarina rashi hills.
The Kappattagiri hills are wealth place for poor people. Many types of fruits
and medicinal plants growing important once are Syzgium jambos, Phyllanthus
emblica. Carrissa carandas, Zizphus, jujuba etc and huge medicinal plants. Poor
people collecting these fruits & medicinal plants they sell in Gadag and Betageri and
also nearby villages getting money to lead their life therefore the Kappattagiri hill is
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
providing food for them. Kappattagiri hills also provide fodder to many wild and
domestic animals and birds.
Karnataka Govt. in the year 2010 Kappattagiri hills 39-70 hectare area land
handover to Beruka Company for wind mill project, in the name of projects and road
work the huge area of Kappattagiri hills lost. Part by part area acquired by Company
and Karnataka Govt. part by part Kappattagiri hills area distributed to backward
people for agriculture and other purposes nearby reserve forest. The land also acquired
by Baldota mining company and many farmers also trying to acquire forest land.
India has a rich biological diversity of flora and fauna. The Kappattagiri hills
comprises various medicinal plants used by local people. The nature and humans are
inter connected or rather interdependent and should exist in harmony and balance any
type of change in the inter dependence can imbalance the surrounding, either that is
natural or man made.
As a result of Anthropogenic activities, Biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills is
under serious threat Ethno botanincal knowledge is needed to improve restoration
efforts of state and federal agencies, tribes and private organizations such as the nature
conservancy and land conditions the chief objective of this study provide
anthropogenic impact on biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills regions specially on
medicinal plants.
Observations were carried at with the aid of canon camera DSLREOS 1200 D
WT Lens with 18 – 55 lens. Anthropogenic impacts seen were recorded seasonally
and frequently impacts identified are mentioned in this report the check list of
medicinal plants, animals and threatened areas was prepared using standardized
scientific names of medicinal plants, animals following text and field guides. A total
number of 271 medicinal plants and more than 100 species of animals and impact
areas have been recorded from the study area.
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
Especially this region is exploited for wind power generation, gold mining, fire
hazards, deforestation and forest encroached by tribal and local people, the forest are
is being regularly used for grazing of animals. The huge medicinal plants are in
endangered state due to hectic mining activity, and insufficient rain and ground water
level receded to the depths. Hence proper measures to be taken for storage of rain
water. Now a days multinational companies starts their projects in this area one of the
company already established their wind plants in Kappattagiri hills and one more
company should be got an idea to start mining. Suppose govt will be given a
permission to mining definitely this will be dangerous in many ways because one of
the deadly toxic chemicals like sodium cyanide mixed with soil. The soil become
unfertile and water also polluted because of mixing poisonous chemicals. The govt
should not give the permission for mining in this area. Firstly the responsibility of the
govt is relocate the factories, industries and wind plants. Govt should stop to give the
permission to industries, stop the illegal agricultural activities in Kappattagiri hills and
Govt responsibility is to opened the Ayurveda Research and Training Centre to
supporting to medicinal plants.
The biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills is under serious threats as a result of
human activities the main dangers are resource consumption, Fire hazards and
deforestation. Every year the shrubs and grass lands on the Kappattagiri hills are
tourched by villagers living around the area. The fire may injure or kill part of plant or
the entire plants and animals. The precious flora and fauna are getting burnt on the hill
tracts during summer. The concerned forest department must take action to stop such
ecologically harmful practice which is much dangerous to Kappattagiri hills.
The deforestation can have negative impact on the environment. The loss of
habitat for many plants especially medicinal plants, animals and micro organisms live
in forests. Deforestation destroys their home and also drives climate change.
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
At present there is a threat to habitat destruction by anthropogenic activities in
the Kappattagiri hills. Direct observations as well as personal interviewed with local
people during surveys related that villager are contributing to minimize disturbance,
the need for indigenous knowledge for a sustainable management and conservation of
natural resources receives more recognition. This is the right time to conserve the
available medicinal plants from grazing animals by educating the surrounding people
of Kappattagiri hills of Gadag district for the future generation.
There is a vital need to benefit of human kind before it vanishes. A great many
Kappattagiri medicinal plants are used directly as medicine. The contribution of
medicinal plants makes to many people’s lives in terms of health support, financial
income, cultural identity and livelihood security. The nature worship has been a key
force in determining human attitudes towards conservation and sustainable utilization
of biodiversity. This project gives awareness of native medicinal plants, cultural and
ecological importance and also will help the government to initiate the conservation
efforts and also gives awareness of Anthropogenic impacts on Kappattagiri hills
provide opportunity for the scientists, research scholars and environmentalists to
under stand the impacts of human activities on flora especially on rich diversity of
medicinal plants and fauna. In this area some of the species become extinct and
endangered. The Ethno botanical knowledge is needed to improve restoration efforts
to restore medicinal plants and wild life habitat and other natural conditions. Hence
there is need to protect and conserve this rich biodiversity of Kappattagiri hills.
Regular surveys related to Anthropogenic impacts and awareness of the local people
should be conducted for a detailed assessment of the impacts.
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
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Minor Research Project entitled “Anthropogenic impact on Medicinal plants of Kappattagiri hills”
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