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Chapter 3

Settling the Northern Colonies

1619-1700

AMERICAN PAGEANT

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MARTIN LUTHER & ENGLISH

REFORMATION

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JOHN CALVIN

Calvinism--dominant

theology for N.E. Puritans &

other settlers

Doctrine of

Predestination: The electhad

already been determined

Conversion & Visible

Saints

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PURITANS & SEPARATISTS

Puritans

Purify Church of

England of all Catholic

influence

Separatists

Completely wanted to

break free from Churchof England

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JAMES I

1603-1625

Scotsman

Harassed Separatists

because they threatened his

leadership of the Church ofEngland

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PLYMOUTH BAY

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MAYFLOWER COMPACT

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MAP OF THE 13 COLONIES

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PLYMOUTH

Military leaderMyles

Standish

Winter 1620-21 44 of 102

survived

Helped by Squanto &

Chief Massasoit

Epidemic killed of

tribe before Pilgrims arrived

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WILLIAM BRADFORD

Chosen governor 30

times in annual elections

Wrote Plymouth

Plantation

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PLYMOUTH PLANTATION--

SURVIVAL

Economics Fur, Fish, Lumber

Beaver

Bible

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FIRST THANKSGIVING

Autumn, 1621

Celebrated with

Wampanoag Indians

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CHARLES I

Moderate Puritans

some support in

Parliament

Charles I-- Parliament

dismissed 1629

Sanctioned Puritan

persecution by archbishop

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MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

1629--Puritans (non-

Separatists) formed

Massachusetts Bay CompanyUsed charter as constitution

163011 vessels, well

equipped

Part of Great Migration

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GREAT MIGRATION 1630-1642

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JOHN WINTHROP & CITY UPON

A HILL

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SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS

BAY

Fur trade, fishing, shipbuilding

Largest/influential of all NewEngland Colonies

Protestant Ethicseriouscommitment to work including

worldly pursuits

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SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS

BAY

Vote FreemenPuritan congregation adult males or

Visible Saints 2/5 of all males votemore than in England

All property owners could discuss issues as townmeetings

General Courtrepresentative assembly, but onlyfreemen participate

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JOHN COTTON & THE POWER

OF CLERGY

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ANNE HUTCHINSON

Bright, outspoken

Antinomianism Extreme Predestination

doctrine

Truly saved need notabide Gods or mans laws

Trial 1638 Out-reasoned inquisitors

Downfall--Belief in direct

revelation from God BanishedRhode Island

Died in NY from Indianattack

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ROGER WILLIAMS

Extreme separatist,

popular Salem minister

Radical Ideas:

Compensate Indiansfairly for land

Complete separation ofchurch and state

1635 Banished

Local Indians helpedhim survive

Founded Rhode Island

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RHODE ISLAND

1636

Complete religious freedom

Separation of church & state

No taxes to support church No compulsory attendance or

oaths

Universal manhood suffrage(property requirement came

later)Liberal, individualistic,Sewer

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THOMAS HOOKER

Connecticut River

Hartfordsettlement

Established byDutch &English

Hooker led large

group of Boston

puritans to Hartford

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FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF

CONNECTICUT

1639

ground breaking

A modern constitution

Established democratic

government

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CONNECTICUT COLONY

New Haven

1638

Close linkChurch & state

Disfavor with Charles II

1662Charter united

Connecticut river

settlements with New Haven

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MAINE & NEW HAMPSHIRE

Maine

1623--Sir Fernando Gorges

unsuccessful colonization

1677--absorbed by Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Fishing & trading community

1641 Absorbed by Massachusetts 1679 Made separate royal colony

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PEQUOT WAR

1637--Tension

ConnecticutRiver Valley

Militiamen &Narragansettallies

Wigwams

burned, survivorsshot

Pequotnearlyall destroyed

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KING PHILIPS WAR

16751676King Philip (or Metacom)Massasoits son

Coordinated assaults on villages

52 Puritan towns attacked, 12 completely destroyed

Slowed westward movement; tribes dispirited & reduced

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CHARLES II & THE

RESTORATION

1643 New England Confederation

Puritan club

1ststep to colonial unity

1660--Charles II restored to crown

Englands focus back on colonies

Found royal orders not followed

Land grant to Conn. & new charter to

Rhode Island 1684Bay Colony Charter revoked

Ends New England Confederation

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DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND

& SIR EDMUND ANDROS

1686Dominion imposed by London

Enforce English Navigation Laws

Sir Edmund AndrosGovernor

Militaristic &Stopped town meetings

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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION:

WILLIAM & MARY

Bloodless Revolution James II deposed &

replaced with William& Mary

Ended Dominion ofNew England

Boston MobAndrostries to escape in adress

1691 Massachusettsroyal colony

Salutary Neglect

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NEW AMSTERDAM AND NEW

YORK

New AmsterdamManhattanIsland

Company town

Patroonships

Cosmopolitan population

New York--1664 Charles II--Granted to Duke of

York

Took from Dutch bloodlessly Aristocratic & autocratic colony

Lasting Dutch influence

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PETER STUYVESANT VS.

NEW SWEDEN

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PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS

William PennQuaker

Granted land by king to pay debt

to Penns deceased father--1681

Colony named after father

Best advertized colony

Bought land from Indians

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Quaker toleranceRepresentative assemblyNo tax supported statechurch, freedom of

worship (Jews & Catholicscould not vote or holdoffice)Ethnic diversity

Shrewd business peopleIn 19 yearssurpassedpopulation of all coloniesexcept MA

PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS

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NEW JERSEY

Small Quaker settlement

1664Duke of York granted land

to two noblemen

New Englanders flocked o new soil

West & East New Jersey sold to

Quakers

1702Crown unified and made it

a royal colony

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.png

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DELAWAREOnly 3 counties

Named after Lord De La Warr

Some Quakersassociatedwith Pennsylvania

Own assembly--1703

Controlled by PN until after

Amer. Revolution

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CONTRASTING COLONIES

Middle Colonies Fertile soil, bread colonies

Riversbackcountry not mills

Industry

Harbors

Middle size farmers (except NY)

Ethnically mixed

Religiously toleration & democratic

Southmore aristocracy & lessurban development

NorthUrban development, Townmeetings.