AP World History

1750 – 1914 Overview

(Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1914?)

Industrialization changed Production Britain was the center (geography, distribution of coal and iron, demographic

changes/urbanization, B. entrepreneurialism access to foreign resources through colonialism, capitalism)

Factories and fossil fuel-based machines Colonialism = search for raw materials &

markets – new patterns of trade, capitalism and “New Imperialism” (China, India)

IR contributed to decline of agriculturally-based economies

Mining imp – gold/silver/diamonds (S. Africa,)

Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology

Modes of Transportation/ communication Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph Suez Canal, Panama Canal

Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology

Industrial Revolution: Financial Institutions, Responses Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith, laissez-faire Stock market expansion, transnational businesses Impact of I.R. on family and work Relationship of nations during I.R.Have/have-not’s, nation response (Egypt,

China vs. Japan, Meiji reforms) Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism, utopianism, unions

- govt’s create state pensions, suffrage, education

Fatcat

Miner

Power loom

MilltownStreetchildren

Demographic/Environmental Changes Migration – Immigration

Why? Where?

Global Urbanization

Women take new rolesMigrant Males (labor)

Prejudice, racism & laws(Chinese Exclusion Act)

New transplant culture – think IS DBQ, Chinese & railroads, convict labor in Australia

Demographic and Environmental Changes End of Atlantic Slave Trade – capitalism and

Indentured servitude, voluntary migration New Birthrate Patterns Disease prevention

and eradication Food Supply Population RISES

Changes in Social and Gender Structure Industrial Revolution – women working and

then VICTORIAN ERA: at home Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas

about gender Emancipation of Serfs

Slaves Suffrage

Changes in Social and Gender Structure Women’s emancipation movements

European women 19th century

British family in India

Queen Victoria’s family

Russian peasant family

Nationalism, Revolution, Reform Enlightenment thought – political & individual rights &

freedoms (Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu) – REVOLUTIONS! New documents (Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man)

Abolition of slavery, expanded suffrage Development of nationalism (language, religion, culture, tdentiity byt erritory)

Revolutions in Americas led to New Imperialism Anti-colonial movements (Boxer Rebellion) led to reforms

(Tanzimat, Self-strengthening movements) and new ideologies (socialism, communism)

Europeans “self-superiority” – conservatism, new imperialism, social darwinism

Women’s Rights (Seneca Falls, Declaration of the Rights of Women, Wollstonecraft)

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Revolutions

Why Revolution now? Where?

United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti (1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911)

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Latin American Independence Movements Why?

Simon Bolivar

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsHaitian Revolution Toussaint

L’Ouverture

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsMexican Revolution

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsChinese Revolution

Dr. Sun Yat Sen

Manchus

New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states/ empires

New Political Ideas Movements of Political Reform ag. Govt.

Jacobins in France Taiping Rebellion in China

New Political Ideas Rise of Democracy and its limitations

Reform Women Racism Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer

Rise of Western Dominance, New Imperialism & Nation-States

Imperialism/Colonialism:

WHY:3 G’s; economic, national pride, social just.

HOW: Use of force, technology, cures, take advantage of African rivalries

Changes: “Old” (colonialism) to New Imperialism

ie. African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania Ethiopia, Liberia and Siam are the only independent

countries

Imperialism & Nation-State Reaction Industrial powers create transoceanic empires – British

(India), Dutch (Indonesia), American and Japan

Use of warfare & diplomacy to create empires Europeans establish settler colonies (British in S. Africa, Australia

and New Zealand)

Economic Imperialism (US and Britain in Latin America, Opium Wars in China, US influence over Tokugawa Japan leads to Meiji Transformation)

Anti-Imperial Resistance Movements Social Darwinism facilitated and justified imperialism

Social Darwinism, facilitated & justified imperialism

Rise of Western DominanceScramble for Africa

Rise of Western Dominance Cultural and Political Reactions to western

dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration Russia– Reforms and Rebellions Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization China--Boxer Rebellion Islamic and Chinese responses compared

Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations

Rise of Western Dominance Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji

Restoration

Rise of Western Dominance China—Boxer Rebellion

Rise of Western Dominance Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

Ottomans in 19th century – attempts at reform, but “sick man of Europe”

Young Turk Revolutionaries

The Last Sultans

CCOT and C&C ideas Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan

(causes and early phases) Revolutions (American, French, Haitian,

Mexican, and Chinese) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottomans

empire, China, India and Japan.

Comparisons and CCOT Nationalism – changes/continuities over time;

compare between regions

Difference in forms of intervention in 19th century Latin America and Africa

Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe

Conclusions What are the global processes that are at

play? Which have intensified? Diminished?

Predict how the events of the 19th century are a natural culmination of earlier developments.

Speculate what historical events in the 19th century would have most surprised historians of earlier eras.