APHG Chapter 2 review powerpoint

5/26/2018 APHG Chapter 2 review powerpoint

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PopulationREVIEW: CHAPTER 2

By: Derrick &

Zach


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Arithmetic population density is

a) the number of people per given unit of land

b) the number of people per unit of arable land

c) the number of people in a given population that has basic

math skills

d) the number of people in urban cities

QUIZ!


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Of the following countries, the lowest crude birth rate is found

in

a) Japan

b) Australia

c) Russia

d) Singapore

QUIZ!


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The first stage of the demographic transition model has

a) high CBR and high CDR

b) high CBR and low CDR

c) low CBR and high CDR

d) low CBR and low CDR

QUIZ!


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Child mortality rate is the number of children that die between

the .

a) 1st and 3 rd years of their lives

b) 1st and 5 thyears of their lives

c) 1stand 10 thyears of their lives

d) 1st and 15 thyears of their lives

QUIZ!


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Eugenic population policies is when the government

a) encourages larger families by giving incentive to increase

rate of natural increase

b) puts effort to reduce rate of natural increase

c) favors one racial or cultural sector of a population

d) favors the urban sector of a population

QUIZ!


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Population density: A measurement of the number of people

per given unit of land

Population density assumes an even distribution of the population

over land

Arithmetic population density: population density No country has an evenly distributed population and the population

density will not always reflect population density accurately

Physiological population density: the number of people per

unit of arable land

This form of measurement will not always give accurate populationdensities as many countries do not have arable land

To calculate physiologic population density the total population is

divided the amount of arable land

POPULATION DENSITY


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Population distribution: description of locations on the Earths

surface where populations live

Often shown through dot maps

Historically, people located themselves near agricultural lands

However, with globalization this pattern is changing

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION


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East Asia

China, Japan, and Korea

Chinas rivers, Yangtze and Yellow rivers, has a large population

along the path of the river

South Asia

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka

South Asian population is contained by the Himalayan mountains and

the Indus River Valley

Europe

Ireland, UK, Russia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Belgium, France, Italy

Much of the population live in mountainous areas and urban areas

North America

East coast is filled with megalopolises

Megalopolis: when several large cities merge together as their

borders grow. the resulting super city is a megalopolis

WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION


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Census: a periodic and official count of a countrys population

US census is taken every 10 years

Censuses are important as it he lps governments layout plans

according to the population data

Being undercounted can cause misrepresentation in

congressional seats allotted for each sta te

The World Bank and Population Reference Bureau gather data

and generate reports of populations around the world

CENSUSES


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In 1798 Malthus published an essay called An essay on the

Principles of Population

He warned the worlds population was growing faster than food

production as population grew exponentially and food grew linearly

Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural humanurge to reproduce human population increases geometrically

However, food supply, at most, can only increase arithmetically

Today, food production i s grown exponentially wi th modern

agricultural technology

Neo-Malthusians dont agree with all the points with Malthusbut they do believe population is growing too fast

THOMAS MALTHUS


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Between 1900-2000 the world population went from 1.6

billion to 6.1 billion people

Total fertility rates (TFR): The average number of ch ildren born

to a woman during her childbearing years

To keep a stable population an ideal TFR is 2.1

Aging index: the number of people aged 65 years and older

per 100 children aged 0 to 14 years in a population

In developed countries there are more older than younger and vice

versa for developing countries

Women are delaying or not having children

Women are choosing to go to school and work and delaying

marriages

Many places in the world are declining in TFR

POPULATION GROWTH


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There was a time when low TFR was desi rable however this

created social security problem

Many governments took countermeasures to increase TFR such as

financial incentives to have more children

Despite low TFR the population is still g rowing due tocountries with high TFR such as India and Bangladesh

Doubling time: the time it takes for a population to double

Doubling times are getting shorter due to exponential population

growth

Population explosion: The rapid growth of a human populationduring the past century

Zero population growth: when there is no increase in

population growth

Predicted to happen in the next 50 years

POPULATION GROWTH


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Natural increase: the difference between the numbers of

births and number of deaths

Crude birth rate (CBR): number of l ive births per 1000 people

Crude death rate (CDR): number of deaths per 1000 people

Demographic transition model: a model that shows the

transitions of high CBR and CDR to low CBR and low CDR

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL


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Stationary population levels: the level at which a national

population ceases to grow

United Nations projected the world would stabilize at 10 billion in

200 years

Agencies reporting SPL have to revise predictions due to changes intotal fertility rate

Many countries that have reported SPL have had to change their

predictions as they have already been surpassed

STATIONARY POPULATION LEVELS


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Population composition: structure of a population in terms of

age, sex and other properties such as mar tial status and

education

Population pyramids: a visual representation of the age and

sex composition of a population In poorer countries with high CBR and high CDR the population

pyramid looks like a pyramid

In wealthier countries with low CDR and low CDR the shape looks like

a lopsided vase with the largest section being the middle

POPULATION PYRAMIDS


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Infant mortality rate: a figure that describes the number of

babies that die within the 1 st year of their lives in a population

The highest rates of IMR is usually located in poorer regions such as

Africa and Asia

Globally, IMR has been declining, even in poverty -stricken regions

In wealthy countries, most IMR is due to premature bir ths and

influences from the mother such as drugs

Child mortality rate: a figure that describes the number of

children that die between the 1 stand 5 thyears of their lives in

a population Like IMR, CMR is high in Africa and Asia

Tropical and sub-tropical children usually die due to protein-deficient

called marasmus

MORTALITY RATES


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Life expectancy: number of years, on average, someone may

expect to remain alive

Women generally outlive men

Life expectancy has risen

2010 Russian males life expectancy was 63 now 2011 is 75

Life expectancy does not exclude any deaths

Life expectancy in Africa is skewed as there is a large number of

children dying from AIDS

LIFE EXPECTANCY


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Infectious diseases: diseases carried by a host

Malaria and AIDS in Africa is a rising problem

Chronic/degenerative diseases: diseases that come from

longevity of life

EX: Heart disease, cancer, stroke

Genetic/inherited diseases: diseases that are in the genetics

and are born with

EX: Down syndrome, turner syndrome, hemophilia

Endemic = small area Epidemic = large area

Pandemic = world-wide

DISEASES


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Expansive population policy: encourages larger families and

raise the rate of natural increase

Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin offers cash subsidies for 2 nd

or 3rdchildren in order to raise the total fertility rate

Eugenic population policy: favor one racial or cultural sectorof a population

Nazi Germany had a eugenic population policy of favoring physical

features

Restrictive population policy: government policies to reduce

the rate of natural increase Chinas one child policy is an example of restrictive population policy

by allowing only one child to be born. If the policy is not followed

there will be a fine

POPULATION POLICIES


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Which separates the south Asian population from the rest of

Asia?

a) the Ganges river and the Himalayan mountains

b) the Yangtze river and the Himalayan mountains

c) the Tigris river and Mount Everest

d) the Indus River Valley and the Himalayan mountains

QUIZ!


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In North America, where is most of the population located?

a) west coast

b) sun belt

c) east coast

d) along the US-Canadian border

QUIZ!


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Infant mortality rates have been

a) declining everywhere except poverty-stricken regions

b) declining everywhere

c) increasing due to a large population

d) stable

QUIZ!


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Epidemic is endemic is and pandemic is

a) small area; large area; world-wide

b) in a small city; in a country; world-wide

c) in a large area; in a small area; world-wide

d) world-wide; large area; small area

QUIZ!


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Between the years 1900-2000 the worlds population went from

a) 1 billion to 7 billion

b) 1.5 billion to 6 billion

c) 1.6 bil l ion to 6 bil l ion

d) 1.6 billion to 6.1 billion

QUIZ!


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APHG Chapter 2 review powerpoint