APHUG Project Sierra Leone (Repaired)

8/18/2019 APHUG Project Sierra Leone (Repaired)

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AP Human Geography

SIERRA LEONE


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PICK-A-PING

Directions: For this project, you will be provided with the name of a develoPING country. For the rest of the year,

you will become an expert in your PING; spoutin off factoids and anecdotes about life in your little part of theworld! "ou will be provided with a list of countries. I will randomly pull names and you will select your PING. No

tradin! No whinin! N# $%&$P'I#N(! 'his sheet will serve as the table of contents for your PING folder and is

re)uired to be included in the folder or you will lose * points + dont lose it I wont ive you another you will need

to ma-e your own 'able of &ontents.

ue dates/ 01N213" 45'6, 4578

N# P3#0$&'( 9I:: $ 1&&$P'$ :1'$ + :1'$ P3#0$&'( 9I:: 3$&$I Physical map ?@ mapsA/

7. &ountry in relation to the world map

4. Physical map of the state and border states ?land formations, altitude, etcA

@. Political map/ reions, cities, border states

75 points

Population Profile ?Biration>ImmirationA 75 points

&ulture Profile 45 points

$thnicity Profile and (ettlement :ocations 75 points

Political #raniCation 75 points

evelopment Index 75 points

&urrent $vent 1rticles of relevance to development

&ultural/ 4

Political/ 4

(ocial/ 7

*5 points


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PING Data heet

Name of PING ierra !eone

&apital?sA>Population "reeto#n$%&'()))

1rea *'(*&) sq +m 1rable :and D ,.&

Physical Features /ountains and 0lateaus in the 1ast( coast( desert( 2rasslands

Population 3(*&(*,3 ensity/ ,)3.4 0eo0le$sq mi

Form of Government Constitutional Democrac5

6ead of Government> 1rnest 6ai Koroma

6ead of (tate

Neihborin &ountries !iberia and Guinea

&rude irth 3ate *.) births$'))) 0eo0le

&rude eath 3ate ').7' deaths$'))) 0eo0le

Growth 3ate: ,.8

Infant Bortality 3ate *'.47 deaths$'())) live births

:ife $xpectancy /ale: 33., $ "emale: 4).&,


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:iteracy 3ate &7.'8 /ale: 37.* 8 "emale: *.*8

Bain Imports foodstuffs( machiner5( equi0ment( fuels( lubricants( chemicals

Bain $xports diamonds( rutile( cocoa( coffee( fish

Per &apita GNP>GP 9,('))

&urrency/ !eone 3eal Growth 3ate D/ '. Inflation/ ''.'8

2nemployment/ ''8 :abor Force/ total 4*.&8 of 0o0ulation

1: *)8 Ind/ '&8 (erv/ '48

Natural 3esources/ diamonds( titanium ore( bauite( iron ore( 2old( chromate

'rade Partners/ 6el2ium( ;.( ;.K( China(


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epression/ iamonds were first discovered in (ierra :eone in the 7E@5s, and became a primary

export for (ierra :eone. ritain bean to place more power in the hands of the (ierra :eoneans,

and formed the :eislative &ouncil, that contained of (ierra :eoneans.

99II/ urin 9orld 9ar II, 7,555 (ierra :eoneans fouht in the war, and Freetown was an important

military base. 6owever, ritains economy and political power was sharply depleted by the war. 'hiscaused a movement by independence, and the (ierra :eone Peoples Party ?(:PPA was formed.

7E*5s &old 9ar/ 'he (ierra :eone Peoples Party bean to neotiate independence with ritain in 7E*7.

In 7E*, (ierra :eone held a eneral election, and the (:PP too- the majority of the power. In 7E*, 'he

(ierra :eone Proressive Independent Party was formed. 1ll throuhout (ierra :eone, people were

callin for independence from Great ritain.

7E85sH In 7E87, (ierra :eone ained its independence from Great ritain. (ir Bilton Barai, a military

leader was declared the first Prime Binister. (ir Bilton led a democratic state, and created a state based

off separation of powers, democracy, antiHcorruption and peace. 6owever, in 7E8, he died unexpectinly,

and his halfHbrother, (ir 1lbert Barai became Prime Binister. 6e immediately dismissed most of theParliament, and created an authoritarian state. In 7E8, riots bro-e out, and three military coups followed.

Culture Profile

1ver5da5 !ife7. I am meetin someone for the first time and I want to ma-e a ood impression. 9hat would be

ood discussion topicsJ

'o ma-e a ood impression, it is polite to as- about them, and not just tal- about

yourself. Kuestions should be liht and enain, such as wor-, family and hobbies. (ierra

:eoneans are familyHoriented and enjoy discussin their family. 'hey are proud of their


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childrens achievements, especially in education. 6owever, as-in about ae is considered rude

in (ierra :eone. 1dditionally, as-in about family should be ta-en with caution, as many (ierra

:eoneans lost members of their family durin the (ierra :eone &ivil 9ar.

4. 9hat do I need to -now about verbal and nonHverbal communicationsJ

It is common for (ierra :eoneans to show respect to elders. It is rude to touch elders, and

children are not permitted to loo- at their elders straiht in the eye. 'one and directness

varies widely, dependin on the ae ap between the conversationalists. 2nli-e 9estern

norms, it is considered rude to ma-e eye contact persistently throuhout the conversation.

9hen conversin with peers, politeness is not as mandated as when with an elder or

person of a hiher social ran-. 9hen reetin one another, (ierra :eoneans often sha-e

hands. If it is a person you are familiar with, it is common for them to continue to hold

your hand throuhout the conversation. ue to the ritish influence that still linerstoday, many ritish verbal and nonHverbal communicators are practiced.

@. 1re public displays of affection, aner or other emotions acceptableJ

Public displays of affection is common, and many (ierra :eoneans sha-e hands, smile and lauh

with others in public. 9hile -issin and huin is acceptable, it is not a common way to show

affection in (ierra :eone. It is common to see public displays of aner in (ierra :eone, and

fihts, assaults and aruments are fre)uent in everyday life. 'hese fihts tend to draw crowds,and may result in a larer conflict than what started out as a simple disareement.

. 9hat should I -now about the wor-place environment ?deadlines, dress, formality, etc.AJ

'here is no strict dress code in the wor-place, however it is important to be business casual, and

not wear anythin too revealin. In business meetins, casual clothin is considered acceptable.

ue to the fact (ierra :eone is majorly Buslim, it is common for people to wear traditional

Islamic clothin to wor-. Punctuality is not as enforced, and many people are late to meetins

due to traffic. 'he most hihly rearded person in a business meetin may even call it off, due to

a more important meetin they must o to. It is even considered acceptable for a hihly rearded

person to be up to an hour late for a business meetin.

*. riefly describe the local cultures attitudes reardin the followin/ Gender, &lass, 3eliion

and $thnicity. 9hat impact would the above attitudes have on the wor- placeJ


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Gender/ oth men and women ma-e decisions. 6owever, women are still not fully e)ual.

9omen are expected to ather food, be in clerical positions, and et refreshments for superiors at

wor-.

3eliion/ 'here is freedom of reliion in (ierra :eone, and (ierra :eone boasts a hih level of

reliious tolerance. 9hile (ierra :eone is predominately Buslim, there is a lare &hristian population as well. oth &hristians and Buslims in (ierra :eone strictly abide to their reliion,

and all Buslim and &hristian holidays are observed.

&lass/ 'here are strictly defined classes in (ierra :eone ranin from chiefs, the rich, elders,

lower class, etc. 'he citiCens in the hiher classes usually loo- down upon the lower classes and

expect to be addressed by formal titles.

$thnicity/ (ierra :eone is a multiethnic country and hosts many ethnic roups such as the

Bende, 'emne and &reole, who are the predominant ethnicities in the country. 'ribal alleiances

are very important to (ierra :eoneans. In the wor-place, most superiors would prefer to besurrounded with those of the same tribal heritae.

8. 9hen in this country, I want to learn more about the culture?sA and people. 9hat activities can

you recommendJ

In Freetown, one can visit the Buseum, attend concerts, see traditional dance performances,

watch dramas, o to pubs, watch ames, and parta-e in recreational activities. 6owever, sportin

events may be unsafe, and should be avoided until the country stabiliCes. For food, one can

enjoy rice, cassava, foo foo, potato, yam, beans, fish, deer, cow and oat in (ierra :eone. 3ice isconsidered the staple in a (ierra :eoneans diet. 1dditionally, most (ierra :eoneans are friendly

and helpful to introduce you to the way of life.

. 9ho are this countrys national heroesJ

Badam "o-o introduced the initiation of irls into the sande society to enter womanhood and

learn how to function in society is considered a national hero. 1dditional examples are Fama

'ami and Bansa Lama, who were warriors from the northern reion of (ierra :eone who

protected northern (ierra :eone. Political heroes are (ir Bilton 1uustine (trieby Barai, thefirst Prime Binister. urin the Independence movement, 1lbert Bichael Bara Lendeh ureh,

1madu 9urie, anji 'ejanH (ie, and $lla Loblo Gulama fouht to free (ierra :eone from ritish

rule. 'hey led (ierra :eone to Independence in 7E87. In art, $beneCer &alendar, (alia Loroma,

0ohn 1-ar, and 1mie Lallon are amon the countrys national heroes who sin about events

plauin the country.


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. 9hat is the family life li-e in this countryJ

(ierra :eoneans often live with their extended families in one home. Bany families in (ierra

:eone are polyamous, and the husband may have multiple wives. In the past, all marriaes were

arraned, but there is a current increase in Mlove marriaes. In child rearin, the more children a

family has, the more prestie they have. Bothers ta-e care of children primarily and provide fortheir needs. &hildren are also considered an economic asset, as they can provide labor for the

family farm. Families, if they are able to, send their children to school for several years.

E. escribe wor- in this country.

(ierra :eoneans are happy to wor-, as it means income for them and their families. 6owever,

they do not identify heavily with their jobs. Bany (ierra :eoneans are farmers but many are

traders, hunters, midwives, mar-eters, reliious specialists, educators, policemen, and

blac-smiths. Bany mine for ems and minerals as an attempt to ain lare sums of money, but

the poor and danerous conditions ma-e their ventures short, lastin only a few months. 9omendominate in the mar-etplace, and food, jewelry, cloth, shoes, clothin and pots are often traded in

a mar-et settin.

75. 9hat types of sports and recreation activities are popular hereJ

(occer is very popular in (ierra :eone, and it is common to see people playin on the streets in

informal ames. 3ecently, bas-etball, cric-et, and baseball have become increasinly popular in

(ierra :eone. 1dditionally, (ierra :eone has participated in every (ummer #lympics since 7E8.

77. 9hat healthcare is available to the people of this countryJ

1fter the civil war, the infrastructure and health care systems that existed in (ierra :eone were

destroyed. iseases are widespread, and the infant mortality rate is one of the hihest in the

world. 6owever, proress is bein made. In 4575, the (ierra :eonean overnment created the

Free 6ealthcare Initiative for women who are prenant and children. 'he new initiative is havin

a very positive impact on the country, as it ended fees for medical attention and for drus and

treatment.

74. escribe the educational system.

'he educational system has three levels/ primary, junior secondary and senior secondary. Girls

have a difficult time attendin schools due to cultural beliefs aainst women bein educated.

6owever, the literacy rate amon 7*H4 year olds is under 85D, 5D of teachers are not trained

and school attendance for secondary school is only about @5D. 1 lac- of supplies means that

many students have to share boo-s as well. 'he civil war devastated the educational system, and

destroyed 7,45 primary schools and forced 8 percent of children out of school in the year

4557. &urrently, education in (ierra :eone is still recoverin from war. 9hile school is

compulsory, this law is not enforced, due to lac- of supplies and infrastructure.


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http/>>borenproject.or>educationHsierraHleone>

7@. 9hat are the important holidays in this country and explain the purpose of eachJ

1ll Buslim holidays are celebrated in (ierra :eone. $id alHFitr celebrates at the end of 3amadan,

and $id alH1dha, celebrates 1braham willin to sacrifice his son to God, before God intervenes

and tells him the sacrifice has been completed. &hristian holidays are observed as well.

&hristmas celebrates the birth of 0esus &hrist and $aster celebrates the resurrection of 0esus. In

(ierra :eone, 1pril 4th celebrates its independence from Great ritain.

7. 9hat arts and literature are important in this countryJ

Government fundin for the arts is very limited, so many artists must fund their own wor-.

(torytellin is a common art, and there are many rich and lively stories told by storytellers, who

are referred to collo)uially as Mliars. 9oodcarvin, tieHdyein, bas-et weavin and textilema-in are all commonly practiced. 1dditionally, there is a national dance troupe that oes

around the world to perform.

7*. 9hat types of food are popular in this countryJ 9hat meals do they have and how are they

usually servedJ

3ice is considered the staple, and many foods contain rice. #ther foods are considered just

Msnac-s if not eaten with rice, such as seafood, potatoes and cassava. &hic-en bones are

considered a delicacy due to their brittleness and sweet marrow. (treet foods include fresh

manoes, oranes, pineapple, or papaya, fried plantains, potato or cassava chun-s with peppersauce, small bas of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or s-ewers of rilled meat or

shrimp. (ome tribes place certain taboos on various foods.


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7. 4. @.

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8. .


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Reli2ion

60%

10%

30%

Religion in Sierra Leone

Islam

Chrs!an!y

In"geneous #ele$s

In (ierra :eone, the most predominant reliion is Islam. Islam diffused into (ierra :eone

throuh blac- Buslim roups who infiltrated the country from the north in the seventeenth

century. 'heir influence remained, and by the end of the nineteenth century, Islam had become

the reliion of many (ierra :eoneans. Islam is a universaliCin reliion, because it operates on a

lobal scale and can appeal to people no matter where they reside. &hristian adherents form a

minority within (ierra :eone, and are the influence of former ritish colonial rule in the country.

urin the era when (ierra :eone was a colony of ritain, ritain routinely sent missionaries to

the country to establish churches. 'he majority of &hristians in (ierra :eone are Protestants;

however, &atholics form around *D of the total population. &hristianity is a universaliCin

reliion, as it is the worlds larest reliion, and appeals to people over a lare scale.

1pproximately @5D of the population in (ierra :eone holds indienous beliefs; however, it is

very common for (ierra :eoneans who practice either Islam or &hristianity to also holdindienous beliefs as well. For example, a (ierra :eonean may o to their Protestant church on

(unday, and later pray to their ancestors as well. 'hese indienous reliions are ethnic, since

they are only concentrated in one part of the world, and do not appeal to a wide variety of

people. (ierra :eone has freedom of reliion in its constitution, and enforces this rule. (ierra

:eone has widespread reliious tolerance, and the many reliious roups that exist in (ierra


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:eone coexist and cooperate peacefully.

!an2ua2e

Sherro& '% Lo(o& '% Pular& '% )ono& '%

)uran(o& 3%

Lma& *%

O!her& +%

Englsh& 6%

,hemne& 1*%

-en"e& 1.%

)ro& *+%

Language Distribution in Sierra LeoneSherro

Lo(o

Pular

)ono

)uran(o

Lma

O!herEnglsh

,hemne

-en"e

)ro


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Current 1ventsPolitical 1vents

ierra !eone =00osition Politician Denied 6ail and ent to Prison

In (ierra :eone, a hih profile politician, 1lie Labba was arrested on chares related to biamy.

6owever, both parties of the new marriae were divorced before marryin. 0ust before &hristmas

Labba was arrested, and ranted bail on the premises he surrenders his passport and travel

documents. 6owever, even thouh he strictly complied to the conditions of the bail, law

enforcement arrested him aain later that niht. Labba was placed into solitary confinement at

the Pademba 3oad prison, and was denied visits from relatives and medical professionals. Prior

to his arrest, Labba was -nown as a stron critic to the overnment, and of President $rnest ai

Loromas record in office. #n New "ears $ve, he was )uestioned for several hours by law

enforcement for matters nothin to do with the related chares. 6e was then placed bac- into

solitary confinement. Labba believes that he is a political prisoner and continues to protest his

innocence. 1round (ierra :eone, protests are arisin on the matter that Labba was arrested for

his constitutional riht for freedom of assembly. 1nsumana


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overnment. 1dditionally, protests are eruptin all over (ierra :eone, due to Labbas

imprisonment. 'his implies that the civilians of (ierra :eone are not supportin the overnment.

9hen the overnments civilians are aainst the overnment, this implicates that there is not a

stron sense of nationalism. &ensorship is unconstitutional, and implies that the overnment of

(ierra :eone is hostile.

ierra !eone>s =n Trac+ to 6an "emale Genital /utilation

(ierra :eone recently bac-ed an international treaty bannin female enital mutilation

?FGBA. 9hile (ierra :eone was one of the last countries to sin, the Baputo Protocol is a hue

step for endin FGB in the reion, where such practice is rampant. FGB is seen as cultural rite

that is symbolic in a irls transition to a woman. #ften, FGB is done without anesthesia, with

unclean materials and with force. Girls and women end up with feelin pain their entire life,

infections, and early death. Girls and women who are uncut, however, are often ostraciCed in

their society. (ierra :eone bac-in such a treaty implies that the overnment is willin to end

this rite. Lavinya Ba-au, a proram officer at $)uality Now praises the ratification statin that

O'his ?ratificationA is important because it demonstrates a political commitment to protect the

rihts of irls and women in (ierra :eone, and provides a leal framewor- for them to access

justice. 6owever, bannin FGB is provin to be difficult, as secret womens societies that have

considerable political power continue to bac- it. FGB currently affects over 75 million irls in

1frica and 1sia, and affects over E5D of women in (ierra :eone. 'o stamp out the practice, the

overnment has beun to issue fines for FGB. 1dditionally, (ierra :eone imposed restrictions

on travel and atherins to prevent people for parta-in in cuttin ceremonies. 1ccordin to

FGB activist and survivor 1limatu imone-ene, the ban on FGB will only be effective if it is a

blan-et approach and all levels of overnment are actively involved in preventin it.

(ierra :eones recent attempts in preventin FGB show the impact lobaliCation has on

influencin other nations and their cultures. GlobaliCation is the occurrence of interaction and

interation amon the people, companies, and overnments of different nations, driven by

international cooperation. For example, the spread of 9estern influence has impacted many

cultures in such a way that cultures are slowly becomin 9esterniCed throuh popular media,

and beliefs. 9estern influence has been a reat drivin force to stop FGB. 9ith the help of

media, support roups, and new polices, FGB has been exposed all over the world as a violent

act aainst women. 9ith the western influence pushin on this nonHwestern tradition, polices

have been created to ma-e FGB illeal in some 1frican countries, such as (ierra :eone.

GlobaliCation is -ey in creatin discourse on practices such as FGB seen as a cultural rite in

many countries. 'his wor-s in two ways. First, when countries with FGB widespread are

impacted by 9estern influence, they slowly chane their values and traditions, such as FGB.


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:aws are passed aainst it, while the overnment ta-es a more 9estern viewpoint aainst such

practice. (econd, lobaliCation allows for the world to -now that FGB is occurrin in countries,

and ives way for activists and others to pressure these countries to chane laws, implement

policy chanes and create discourse. #verall, lobaliCation is the reason why FGB has become a

problem that people want eradicated. GlobaliCation additionally contributed to a more neative

viewpoint of FGB, and countries all over the world are bannin the practice.

Cultural 1vents

amuel 1to?o: @"ootball is a 5mbol of o0eB

&ameroonian soccer star (amuel $too is travelin across 9est 1frica to promote health

and unity. 1 successful soccer player, $too is usin his wealth to help 1frica, includin his home

country, &ameroon. $too has played for arcelona, &helsea, Inter Bilan and 3eal Badrid, and

has won the 1frican &up of Nations twice with his country. 6owever, he decided to use his six

fiures wealth to travel around 1frica with FIF1 and inspire others. 6e founded the (amuel

$too Foundation, which wor-s for children in 1frica and improvin their health and education.

$too travels around 1frica, meetin with children, donatin to charity, and spreadin his

messae around the continent. In (ierra :eone, $too visited Freetown and an orphanae. 'his

visit coincided with the statement released by the 9orld 6ealth #raniCation declarin thecountry $bolaHfree. $too praised the country on the matter, sayin MIm excited to be home in

1frica and proud to see what my brothers in (ierra :eone have achieved in successfully fihtin

aainst the $bola virus. 6ealth is the most important thin in life. 9ith health and a stron dream

you can achieve anythin in life. Football has an important role to play in educatin youn irls

and boys to live a healthy lifestyle. $toos visit and the end of a crisis that has plaued (ierra

:eone for years certainty uplifted the country. In (ierra :eone, soccer is the most popular sport,

and $too is considered an idol by many of the locals.

'his article demonstrates the lobaliCation of recreational activities, such as sports

all around the world. GlobaliCation of recreational activities occurs throuh trade,colonialiCation, pop culture, or mass communication. 3ecreational activities can include sports,

hobbies, and ames. 1dditionally, the article shows how countries diffuse cultural aspects of

their culture to their colonies. GlobaliCation occurs thouh international cooperation and

interactions, and involves the spread of activities, ideas and beliefs. (occer is the most popular

sport in (ierra :eone, and many people consider soccer stars such as (amuel $too as their idols.

GlobaliCation contributed to soccer bein a popular sport internationally. 1s (ierra :eone was a


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colony of Great ritain prior to the 7E85s, (ierra :eone shares many cultural characteristics with

Great ritain. Great ritains most popular sport is soccer as well, and this had a profound

influence on (ierra :eone. 'his occurs, because a colony has constant communication and trade

with their mother country. For example, many countries often send missionaries to colonies to

convert the natives into the countrys reliion. &olonies and their mother countries diffuse ideas,

beliefs and culture bac- and forth within their communications. 9hile Great ritain does not

control (ierra :eone anymore, the shared culture implicates that a country will have an influence

on its colonys culture, even decades after havin power over the colony.

ierra !eone?s National Dance Trou0e 1victed b5 Government

In (ierra :eone, the overnment as-ed the (ierra :eonean ance 'roupe to leave the

land they have lived on for decades. 'he ance 'roupe is a cultural symbol that has been around

for decades and is famous for travelin around the world and competin. Bany members of the

ance 'roupe are descendents of the oriinal ance 'roupe. espite the lac- of support from the

overnment, the ance 'roupe still continues to perform around the world. 'heir spo-esman

(aidu Lamara, states that the ance 'roupe stopped receivin fundin and support from the

overnment in 455, when the current overnment under $rnest ai Loroma came into power.

'he ance 'roupe states that their profession used to allow them to feed their family and afford

their needs, but the new cuts have ta-en a toll on their )uality of life. 9hile the ance 'roupe

had souht a court injunction to prevent eviction of their land, they lost the case. Lamara ends

his statement, sayin M9e have no place to o. 9e just want the overnment to help us.

'his article demonstrates when overnments attempt to suppress a nations

culture. 'he ance 'roupe is a cultural roup and symbol that has been performin since (ierra

:eones independence. Bany are upset with the overnments decisions to suppress the ance

'roupe, as it is an expression of the culture of (ierra :eone. 'he overnment attemptin to evict

the ance 'roupe implies that the overnment is tryin to steer (ierra :eoneans away from their

traditions and culture. 1 overnment would do this for multiple reasons. First, if the new

overnment wants to promote a new set of ideas and beliefs radically different than the current

culture. For example, when the (oviet 2nion came into power, to promote &ommunism and

nationalism, reliion was banned. Governments fre)uently suppress cultural identity to promote

own causes. (econd, a overnment that is primarily composed of one ethnic roup may try to

suppress the culture of another ethnic roup. For example, in the 2nited (tates in the 755s, the

2.( overnment forced Native 1mericans to assimilate into an 1merican culture identity.

Government may suppress culture throuh lac- of support for culture to continue ?by cuttin

fundinA, censorship, and assimilation. 'his article additionally shows the conse)uences of


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overnments not supportin culture. 1rtists, dancers, and other people who specialiCe in

expressin cultural identity are hurt in the process. In (ierra :eone, they are losin their home

and source of income. In more extreme cases, people who choose to express their cultural

identity could be arrested or even -illed. 'he conse)uence is not just for those who specialiCe in

culture, as it also harms the overnment. 'he civilians will be less supportive of a overnment

that does not allow them to express themselves. 9hen a nation is divided between the people and

the political power, it is a wea- nation. Governments who suppress culture endaner the people,

and ultimately, endaner themselves.

ocial 1vents

'he Imam of the 2nited Lindom 1rmed Forces and 1dvisor to the &hief of efense

(taff, (hei- 1sim 6afiC described the reliious tolerance present in (ierra :eone as MamaCin

durin a visit to the 3epublic of (ierra :eone 1rmed Forces. 9hen 6afiC was visitin (ierra

:eone for the past wee-, he was inspired by the cooperation between the various reliious roups

that include a majorly Buslim population, a lare &hristian minority and of those who follow

indienous beliefs. It is noted that when ritish officials were ivin a presentation, many

reliious roups sat mixed in the crowd. ritish officials stressed the importance of bein able to be united and cooperate in times of hardship. 6afiC praised (ierra :eoneans for remainin

peaceful, even while strulin with the $bola virus outbrea- that has devastated the country. 6e

recalls that M$ven thouh (ierra :eone has one and is still oin throuh so many difficulties,

the people still have a smile on their faces which is very hard to see in other societies. In (ierra

:eone, the reliious roups live in peace, and fre)uently intermarry.

'his article demonstrates the level of reliious tolerance that currently exists in (ierra

:eone. In many reions in the world, reliious tolerance is a difficult oal to achieve that ta-es

many years. 'his is due to the fact that compromise may be seen as sin in many reliions, and

reliion inspires peoples morals and actions. 'he concept of reliious conflict is the reason formany wars and disputes throuhout the entire world since the beinnin of history. 3eliion is

aruably the source of the most violence throuhout history. Bany western countries history

involves lon periods of reliious intolerance. For example, conflicts between Northern Ireland

and Ireland were due to reliion, where Ireland was &atholic and Northern Ireland was

Protestant. 9hile reliious conflict commonly happens in many countries, (ierra :eones


21/29

reliious roups are able to live peacefully toether. &urrently, (ierra :eones population is 85D

Buslim, 75D &hristian and @5D Indienous elievers.

/a0

In (ierra :eone, the capital of Freetown is located on the 9est coast, by a port. Freetown

is located by the North 1tlantic #cean, because this ma-es it an ideal place to trade, and interact

with other states. (ince (ierra :eone used to be a ritish colony, Great ritain could have placed

the capital in a location that is easily accessible for ritain to travel to. Bany lare cities, such as

o, are near rivers that lead to the ocean. 'his allows for these cities to be easily accessible as

well. Bany cities in (ierra :eone are ports as well, includin Freetown, Pepel and the (herbo

Islands. 3ivers also provide a source of arable land. 'his is crucial, because only [email protected] of theland of (ierra :eone is arable. In the east, there are hih plateaus mountains, the hihest, Bount

intumani, rises to 7,E meters. Fewer cities are located in the east than the west, because

mountains are difficult to pass throuh, and often do not have an abundance of arable land.

1dditionally, in the west, the land is mostly rassland, and preferable for farmin. 6owever, the

in the east, the land is barren and arid. ue to its close proximity to the (ahara esert, dust

storms are common as well. Bany prominent cities in (ierra :eone are located in the west.

9hile (ierra :eone has a natural abundance of resources, such as titanium ore, diamonds, cocoa,

coffee and fish, rapid population rowth is puttin a strain on resources.

5mbolism

#n maps of (ierra :eone, there is a variety of different eoraphical landforms and lands.

Bultiple trianles represent a mountain rane, which is found in $astern (ierra :eone. 'he

hihest pea- is symboliCed by a lare trianle that is shaded. 'he hihest pea- is Bount which is

7,E meters tall. 3ivers are symboliCed by a blue line, such as Boa 3iver. esert areas are

represented by sandy colored shadin, while rassy areas are represented by reen colored

shadin. 9hile the western half of (ierra :eone is mostly rasslands, the eastern half iscomprised of desert. 9ithin political eoraphy, international boundaries are symboliCed by a

red thic- line. (ierra :eone has international boundaries between Guinea in the north, and

:iberia in the east. 1dditionally, (ierra :eone has providence boundaries, symboliCed with a

liht blac- line. (ierra :eone has four providences/ $astern, 9estern, (outhern and Northern.

'he capital, Freetown, which is located on the west coast, is represented by a lare red s)uare.

#ther major cities, such as o, are symboliCed by blac- circles.


22/29

Po0ulation

Po0ulation P5ramid of ierra !eone

0/1*

1+/'*

'+/+*

++/6*

6+

10 6 * ' 0 ' * 6 10

Population Pyramid of Sierra Leone

-ale pop2 n %

Age

Po0ulation tatistics

Projected Population 454*/ ,4E4,*E5

Projected Population 45*5/ 75,*E*,5

Infant Bortality 3ate/ E4.5>7555 births

Fertility 3ate/ .E children>women

2rban Population D and / 7> 4,4E,E5

emissions>capita/ 5.4

Population with access to clean water/ 85.5D

of vehicles>7555/

$conomically active male>female/ 8D>8*D

6I< infection rate/ 7.D


23/29

ierra !eone on the Demo2ra0hic Transition /odel

(ierra :eone is considered to be in stae 4 of the emoraphic 'ransition model. 'he

emoraphic 'ransition Bodel is for the purpose of classifyin countries based on how their

population will chane, based on crude birth rate, crude death rate, total fertilitary rate and thecurrent population siCe. (tae 4 on the emoraphic 'ransition model is classified by very hih

crude birth rates, often much hiher than the crude death rate. 'his occurs when a country is not

developed, but had medical technoloy diffused by developed countries. 9hile the birth rate

remains hih, death rates are low, due to new cures for diseases and advanced technoloy. In

stae 4, the population rowth of a country rows rapidly, and doublin time is much shorter.

(ierra :eones population is characteriCed by hih crude birth rate [email protected]@ births per 7555 peopleA

and a lower death rate ?75.7 deaths per 7555 peopleA. 'he b ir th rate is rouhly three

times larer than the death rate. 1dditionally, (ierra :eone has a very low life

expectancy, at around * years old. 'his causes the population pyramid to have a

lare D of children and youn people, but a very small D of people over *5 and be

much larer in the bottom. 9hile (ierra :eone has a hih infant mortality rate, the

crude birth rate is larer, and the averae amount of children a woman in (ierra

:eone will have is rouhly *. (ierra :eone is currently at a rapid population rowth

at about 4.@@D. 'his is causin the population to continue to row, and is expected

to rouhly double by 45*5.


24/29

1thnicit5 and Political =r2aniation

Gra0h of Distribution of 1thnicities

3+%

31%

%

+%

'%

1%

Ethnicities in Sierra Leone

,emne

-en"e

Lma

)ono

)role

O!her

(ierra :eone is a multiethnic state, and holds host to a variety of ethnicities, such as

'emne, Bende, :imba , Lono and Lriole. $thnic roups are concentrated in certain

reions. For example, 'he 'emne is concentrated in 9est and &entral (ierra

:eone,the Bende are primarily in (outh and &entral (ierra :eone and the :imba are

mostly in the Northeast. 'he ethnic roups live peacefully, and it is common for a

(ierra :eonean child to learn the lanuaes of neihborin ethnicities. 'he state of

(ierra :eone is usually classified as compact. &ompact states are small states that

are round in shape, with the capital in the center. 'hey are seen as an efficient state,

as communication is easily feasible and no reion is isolated. (ierra :eone is a

relatively small state, and roundish in shape. 6owever, the capital is not in the

center of the state, as Freetown is located on the 9est coast. (ierra :eone shares

boundaries with the North 1tlanti c #cean in the west, :iber ia in the east , and

Guinea in the north. Guinea and (ierra :eone had a disputed boundary in the early

47s t century over the villae of "ena. In 455*, Guinea and (ierra :eone sined a

treaty statin that the villae beloned to (ierra :eone. 6owever, Guinean troops


25/29

continued to occupy the boundary. In 4574, Guinea and (ierra :eone both areed to

pul l out troops from the area.

emonym/ (ierra :eonean

National Anthem

M High We Exalt Thee, Realm Of The Free”

1. High we exalt thee, realm of the free;

Great is the love we have for thee;

Firmly united ever we stand,

inging thy !raise, O native land"

We raise u! our hearts and our voi#es on high,

The hills and the valleys re$e#ho our #ry; %lessing and !ea#e &e ever thine own,

'and that we love, our ierra 'eone"

2. One with a faith that wisdom ins!ires,

One with a (eal that never tires;

Ever we see) to honour thy name,

Ours is the la&our, thine the fame"

We !ray that no harm on thy #hildren may fall,

That &lessing and !ea#e may des#end on us all;

o may we serve thee ever alone,


3. *nowledge and truth our forefathers s!read, +ighty the nations whom they led;

+ighty they made thee, so too may we

how forth the good that is ever in thee"

We !ledge our devotion, our strength and our might,

Thy #ause to defend and to stand for thy right;

ll that we have &e ever thine own,


(ierra :eone ained independence from Great ritain in 7E87, after bein under colonial

rule for 7*5 years. 1fter ainin their independence, the new state declared three days of public

celebration. 'heir national anthem was composed by 0ohn 0oseph 1-ar, the first postH

Independence director of the (ierra :eone roadcastin (ervice as well as the founder of (ierra

:eones national ance 'roupe. 'he lyrics were created by &lifford Fyle, a professor at Fourah

ay &ollee in (ierra :eone. 'he national anthem has a major theme of unity, with lyrics such as

MFirmly united ever we stand and M 9e plede our devotion, our strenth and our miht.


26/29

1dditionally, there are major themes of freedom, the title bein M6ih 9e $xalt 'hee, 3ealm #f

'he Free. :yrics such as M'hy cause to defend and to stand for thy riht show how (ierra

:eoneans value freedom and selfHdetermination. 'his relates to their national history, as the

(ierra :eone constitution ives freedom of speech, reliion and assembly. :i-e most national

anthems, there is also a stron sense of nationalism. 'he anthem repeatedly mentions the

reatness of (ierra :eone, the strenth, intellience and courae of the leaders that fouht for

(ierra :eones independence, and the love that (ierra :eoneans have for their country. 'he music

of the national anthem is very patriotic and sounds li-e a march, with fast beats and trumpets.


27/29

6iblio2ra0h5

GuineaH(ierra :eone QdealQ to end "ena dispute. ?4574, 1uust 4A. & News.

Rhttp/>>www.bbc.com>news>worldHafricaH7E5E557 S

6eroes of (ierra :eone.

Rhttp/>>www.sierraHleone.or>6eroes>heroes75.htmlS

6ow easy thins can be. ?457, Bay 48A. 'he $conomist.

Rhttp/>>www.economist.com>blos>baobab>457>5*>reliiousHtoleranceHfarHwesternHafricaS

Lamara, 1. ?457, 0anuary 4A. (ierra :eone National 1nthem/ 3eflectin and oin what the

:yrics $ntails.

Rhttp/>>www.salonemonitor.net>sierraHleoneHnationalHanthemHreflectinHandHdoinHwhatHtheH

lyricsHentails>S

Landeh, 0. ?7EE4A. PoliticiCation of $thnic Identities in (ierra :eone. fri#an tudies

Review, -.?4A, 7HE4.

Leen, . ?455*A. /onfli#t 0 #ollusion in ierra 'eone. #xford T$nland/ 0ames &urrey.U

:e(ierraH:eone.htmlixCC@x9>data.worldban-.or>country>sierraHleoneS

(ierra :eone H ac-round. >www.visitsierraleone.or>bac-roundHinformation>history>(ierraH:eoneH

ac-round.htmlS

(ierra :eone H 6istory ac-round. (tate 2niversity $ncyclopedia

http/>>education.stateuniversity.com>paes>7@@4>(ierraH:eoneH6I('#3"H1&LG3#2N.html

9hat Is &ensorshipJ 1merica &ivil :iberties 2nion.

Rhttps/>>www.aclu.or>whatHcensorshipS

9hat Is GlobaliCationJ. Global 9or-force Project.

http/>>www.lobaliCation757.or>whatHisHlobaliCation>

http://data.worldbank.org/country/sierra-leonehttp://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1332/Sierra-Leone-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.htmlhttps://www.aclu.org/what-censorshiphttp://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1332/Sierra-Leone-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.htmlhttps://www.aclu.org/what-censorshiphttp://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/http://data.worldbank.org/country/sierra-leone


28/29

Articles

Goldber, $. ?457*, 0uly A. (ierra :eoneQs #n 'rac- 'o an Female Genital Butilation. The

Huffington 1ost"

Rhttp/>>www.huffintonpost.com>457*>5>5>sierraHleoneHuredHtoHbanVnV*75.htmlS

Lamara, 1. ?457*, Barch 74A. 3eliious tolerance in (ierra :eone is amaCin + 2L Imam 1sim

6afiC. wo)o.

(amuel $too/ MFootball is a (ymbol of 6ope.?4578, 0anuary A. fri#a 2ews"

http/>>www.africanews.com>4578>57>5@>samuelHetooHfootballsHsymbolHofHhope>

(ierra :eone/ National dance troupe protests planned eviction. ?4578, 0anuary *A. tar fri#a"

3http/>>en.starafrica.com>music>sierraHleoneHnationalHdanceHtroupeHprotestsHplannedH

eviction.htmlS

'homas, 1. ?457*, ecember @7A. (ierra :eone #pposition Politician 1lie Labba enied ail

and (ent to Prison. The ierra 'eone Telegra!h Rhtt!455www"thesierraleonetelegra!h"#om56

!7889:S

Pictures

7. fri#an &as)et" National Buseum of 1frican 1rt.

htt!455afri#a"si"edu5exhi&its5grassroots5fanner"html

4. 'eaf tews" $at "our 9orld.

http/>>eatyourworld.com>destinations>africa>eneralVsierraVleone>sierraVleone>whatVtoVeat>leafVs

tewsVplasas

@. +urray Town" 9est 1frican Bedical Bissions.

http/>>www.westafricanmedicalmissions.or>pae>show>5858HmurrayHtownHcommunityH

freetownHsierraHleone

. Regent, ierra 'eone" $cosalone. http/>>www.ecosalone.com>3eentD45


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. Gnao :. >ntitled" (putni- News.

http/>>sputni-news.com>europe>457744@>75787*774.html

. 0usu P. 1eo!le turn to religion for ho!e during the E&ola out&rea) "2nited Bethodist &hurch.

http/>>www.umc.or>newsHandHmedia>ebolaHdrivesHunitedHmethodistsHtoHchurchHinHwestHafrica

E. #hool" National 'ourist oard of (ierra :eone.

http/>>www.ntb.sl>sites>default>files>media>(choolD4575.jp

Documents

APHUG Project Sierra Leone (Repaired)