APPLY SOLID RENDER

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LG-BCGMAS1242A APPLY SOLID RENDER

Version 1 LRDU Jan.

LEARNER GUIDEAPPLY SOLID RENDER

2ND

EDITION

Published by

HEART TRUST/NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCY

Produced by

Learning Management Services DepartmentGordon Town Road

Kingston 7

Jamaica W.I.

This material is protected by copyright . Copying this material or any part of it by any

means, or in any form, including digital is prohibited, unless prior written permission is

obtained from the HEART Trust/NTA.

*** 2008 ***


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Copyright 2008 HEART Trust/NTA.

Version 1 LRDU Jan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction...............................................................................................................................1

Welcome .........................................................................................................................1

This Competency Unit .....................................................................................................1Before you start ...............................................................................................................2

Planning your learning programme ..................................................................................2Self-Assessment Checklist...............................................................................................3

How to use this Learners Guide......................................................................................5Using the Computer and Other Resources........................................................................6

Method of Assessment.....................................................................................................6Quality Assurance ...........................................................................................................7

Element 1: Plan and prepare work..........................................................................................8

Self-Assessment Checklist.............................................................................................17

Element 2: Pprepare surface area .........................................................................................19


Element 3: Mix materials for solid/ render ...........................................................................24


Element 5: Cure applied surface ...........................................................................................30Element 6: Clean up ...............................................................................................................30



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Version 1 LRDU Jan.1

INTRODUCTION

Welcome

Welcome to the Learner Guide for Unit of Competency Apply Solid Render. This is just one

of a number of Learner Guides produced for the Carpentry Skills stream of the ConstructionIndustry, and it is designed to guide you, the learner, through a series of learning processes and

activities that will enable you to achieve the specified learning outcomes for the competencyunit.

The content of this guide was developed from the Competency Standard BCGMAS1242A,

which is one of the basic building blocks for the National Vocational Qualification of Jamaica(NVQ-J) certification within the industry. Please refer to your Learners Handbookfor a

thorough explanation of standards and competencies, and how these relate to the NVQ-Jcertification.

You are also advised to consult the Competency Standard and assessment instrument for a better

understanding of what is required to master the competency.

This Competency Unit

Apply Solid Render addresses the knowledge, skills and attitude requirements to effectivelyapply solid render. There are six main areas or elements:

There are six main areas or elements:

Element 1 Plan and Prepare Work

Element 2 Prepare Surface Area

Element 3 Mix Materials for Render/Solid Plaster

Element 4 Apply Render

Element 5 Cure Applied Surface

Element 6 Clean Up

LG -BCGMAS1242AAPPLY SOLID RENDER


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As you go through each element, you will find critical information relating to each one. You areadvised to study them carefully so that you will be able to develop the necessary knowledge,

skill and attitudes for applying solid render.

Before you start

Before you start this Learners Guide, you need to:

a. Obtain a Learners Logbook that will be used to record evidence of your new

skills/competence. As you demonstrate your new skills, record your activities and have yourlearning facilitator sign off on them. This will allow you provide evidence of your

competence when you are being assessed against the competency standard.

b. Ensure that you have access to the facilities and equipment necessary for learning.

c.

Ensure that your learning resources are available.

d. Know and observe the occupational health and safety standards/practices for the industry.For example, ensure that you are wearing suitable clothing, that tools and equipment are safe,

and that the correct safety equipment is used.

e. Plan yourlearning programme (see below)

f. Understand how to use this Learners Guide (see below)

Planning your learning programme

The following self-assessment checklists will assist you in planning your training programme as

it will help you to think about the knowledge and skills needed to demonstrate competency inthis unit. As you go through the checklist you will be able to find out what competencies you

have already mastered and which ones you will need to pay more attention to as you go throughthe learning process.

To complete the self-assessment checklist, simply read the statements and tick the Yes or No

box. You should do this exercise now.


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Self-Assessment Checklist

Apply Solid Render

Element 1 Plan and prepare work Yes No

1. I can recognize and adhere to quality assurance of companys

construction operations ( ) ( )

2. I can recognize and adhere to operational health and safety

requirements for applying solid render ( ) ( )

3. I can determine area to receive render from job specifications ( ) ( )

4. I can determine correct mix for solid render from jobspecifications ( ) ( )

5. I can calculate required quantities for materials from job drawings

and specifications ( ) ( )

6. I can select, correctly fit and use personal protective equipment ( ) ( )

7. I can select tools and equipment to apply solid render ( ) ( )

Element 2 Prepare surface area Yes No

1. I can erect a scaffolding within regulations ( ) ( )

2. I can prepare surface to be rendered in accordance with jobspecifications ( ) ( )

3. I can mix and apply dash-coat to wetted surface ( ) ( )

Element 3 Mix materials for solid render Yes No

1. I can mix mortar now to designed proportion, consistency and inaccordance with job specifications ( ) ( )

2. I can dot and line rendered coat to the correct tolerance ( ) ( )


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How did you do?

If you ticked all or most of the Yes boxes then you might not need to go through the entireguide. Ask your learning facilitator to assist you in determining the most appropriate direction

for this competency.

If you ticked a few of the Yes boxes or none at all then you should work through all of theguide, even though some of the material my be familiar to you.

Element 4 Apply render Yes No

1. I can apply render to dried splash, dotted and lined surface and

screed to correct thickness in accordance with job drawings andspecifications ( ) ( )

1. I can trowel to screed solid render to specify surface according

to job finishes schedule ( ) ( )

2. I can plumb/level and align surface finish to toleranceof +/-2mm over 3 metres ( ) ( )

Elements 5&6 Cure applied surface and clean up Yes No

1. I can cure finished surface using the correct method ( ) ( )

2. I can clear work area ( ) ( )

3. I can remove waste material from job area and store unusedmaterials ( ) ( )


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Plan your learning based on your answers. Be sure to involve your learning facilitator in the

planning process.

How to use this Learners Guide

This Learners Guide is designed to assist you in working and learning at your own pace.

We suggest that you:

Go through the sections/elements as they are presented (starting at Section 1)

Check your progress at each checkpoint to ensure that you have understood the material

Observe the icons and special graphics used throughout this guide to remind you of what you

have to do and to enhance your learning. The icons and their meanings are as follows:

Complete Assessment Exercise

This exercise requires you to think about the knowledgeand skills that you have or will develop in this competency

unit.

Definition Box

Words/phases are defined or explained in this box. Thewords/phases being explained are in bold print.

Checkpoint

This denotes a brain teaser and is used to check yourunderstanding of the materials presented. No answers are

provided for the questions asked.

ActivityThis denotes something for you to do either alone or with

the assistance of your learning facilitator.


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ReferencePoints you to the reference materials and other support

documents or resources used in compiling the unit content.

Ask your learning facilitator for help if you have any problems with the interpretation of the

contents, the procedures, or the availability of resources

Complete each activity as you come to it. If the activity requires you perform and actualtask, be sure to tell your learning facilitator when you get to that activity so that he/she can

make any arrangements, if necessary

Get your learning facilitator to sign and date the Learner Logbook when you have completedan activity

Complete the self-assessment checklist at the end of each section or element.

When you have worked through all sections of the guide, complete the assessment exercise at theend of the document. When you can tick every Yes box, you are ready for assessment and mayask your learning facilitator to assist you in making the arrangement to have your performance

assessed.

Using the Computer and Other Resources

Where your activities refer you to the library, computer and Internet resources, ask your learningfacilitator to assist you with locating these resources. If you are getting your training in an

institution, there may be a library and a computer laboratory. If this is not the case, visit the locallibrary and find out what resources are available.

If you are new to the computer and the Internet, someone in the computer room should be able to

show you how to use these resources.

Please note that in many of your activities you have been referred to information on the Internet.This is because the Internet has a vast amount of information that can help you in acquiring the

particular competencies. We would like to advise you, however, that we cannot guarantee thatall the sites will be available when you need them. If this happens, ask your learning facilitator

to assist you with locating other sites that have the information you require.

Method of Assessment

Competency will be assessed while you are actually performing the tasks related to this

competency. This may be in a real workplace or a simulated situation that accurately relates tothe work situation. Your competency assessment will also encompass those critical

employability skills, which you must acquire as you perform the various tasks. You areadvised to consult the associated competency standard for further details relating to the

assessment strategies.


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These employability skills may include your ability to:

- Collect, analyze and organize information

- Communicate ideas and information

- Plan and organize activities

- Work with others and in a team

- Use mathematical ideas and techniques

- Solve problems

- Use technology

Quality Assurance

A feedback form is included at the back of each learner guide, so all users are afforded theopportunity to document their concerns pertinent to the various aspects of the guide. Such

concerns will assist in the review process of the learner guides. Users are encouraged to cut outthe form, complete and submit same to the address provided.

You may now start your learning. Have fun while you work!


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ELEMENT 1: PLAN AND PREPARE WORK

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes toplan and prepare work. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with the various activities,

so that upon completion you should be able to:

1. Recognise and adhere to quality assurance requirements of companys constructionoperations

2. Prepare for, apply, recognise and adhere to OH&S requirements for the workplaceenvironment and solid render

3. Determine area to receive solid render from job drawings4. Determine correct mix for solid render from job specifications

5. Calculate materials and required quantities from job drawings and specifications6. Select, correctly fit and use appropriate personal protective equipment

7. Select tools and equipment consistent with requirements for applying solid render to flatsurfaces, check for serviceability and report any faults to supervisor

QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS

Your job performance can be affected by certain factors, namely ethics, leadership and teamwork

qualities. The quality of work you produce will depend on how much you observe theorganizations work rules. The ability to work in or lead a team is very essential. These attributes

will help you to produce quality work. Pay special attention to the specifications required for thejob which can be found on the specification sheet supplied by the architect/engineer. The quality

of the materials must be checked against the material standards, which can be obtained from the

Master Builders Association or the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Be sure to understand how to use and maintain the equipment you are about to work with.Observe the proper operating procedures when handling materials as they apply to lifting of

weights and storage and the proper operation of tools and equipment.

OH&S REQUIREMENTS

Accidents can happen at any time on a construction project and it is important to recognize thesehazards and set up precautionary measures against them before they happen. You should betrained in the use and application of first-aid. Here are some safety rules you can follow:

Be alert and spot accidents before they happen

Follow safe work practices, do not take short cuts

Use proper safeguards for jobs


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Keep work area clean

Never play on the job

Pick up tools and store them properly

Lift heavy objects with your legs rather than your back. If object is too heavy get help

Never place tools and materials on ledges, ladders, or scaffolding where they may falland injure personnel. Check scaffolding and ladder for objects before moving them

Get first aid for all injuries immediately

Report to your supervisor about unsafe conditions, tools, equipment, and safety violations

Do not use faulty tools and equipment

Roll up or button shirt sleeves

Tuck shirt tails in pants

Turn pants cuff down or wear pants without cuffs

Do not wear short pants

Wear thick soled and reinforced-toed boots

Wear hard hat

Wear gloves

Tuck hair under your hat

Keep tools and equipment in good condition and use them for their intended purpose only. Youcan follow these guidelines when working:

Never exceed the capacity of a machine

Always clean the machine properly when you have finished working

Be sure machine is in a stable position before operating

Secure masonry units properly before using masonry saws to do cutting

Maintain blade and do not force to cut Do not put your hand in the path of the blade

Follow manufacturers instructions

Do not use higher pressure than normal

Store materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, and bags of cement or mortar on a paved surface.Do not overload wheelbarrow. Place the load over the wheel and not toward the handles. Do not

exceed the maximum height of 2100 mm (7 feet) for open, unsupported stacks of bricks/blocks.A setback of 25.4 mm (1foot) for every 300mm(1foot) of height above 100mm (4 feet) is

recommended. They should be stacked on tiers, stepped back, braced, and propped. When

stacking bags of cement or mortar, the bags should be positioned with tops facing inward. Layevery other layer crosswise and do not exceed 3000 mm (10 feet) high. Be sure the stack isstable at all times.

Keep walkways, doors and hoists of materials clear. Keep materials at least 3000 mm (10 feet)

away from the edge when they are above the first floor of a building. Protect masonry units fromrain by covering with plastic or tarpaulin.


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Safety nets are used to catch a worker if he/she happens to fall from a high place . Nets are made

from synthetic fibers. They are placed in elevator shafts or between floors of high-riseconstruction. Be sure they are in position when working high above ground.

AREA TO RECEIVE MORTAR

You should be able to recognize the area that needs solid rendering. Your ability to read andunderstand blueprints is essential. The key to this activity is to locate the sheet index. A sheet

index is similar to a table of contents used in blueprints. This will show you the location ofdrawings, wall sections, typical details and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing details. Area to

receive mortar should be free from stones and loose materials. Wall should be properly wet inorder for mortar to bond properly.

ACTIVITY

Do a research on the safety requirements that are necessary when

carrying out solid rendering. Present this research in the form of a

report to be evaluated by your peers and learning facilitator.

CHECKPOINT

What are the safety precautions that should be observed for your

workplace, inclusive of the handling of tools and equipment?


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Fig 1: Sheet index

ACTIVITY

Visit a construction site where solid rendering is to be carried out.

Ask your learning facilitator to set up this site visit. Ask permissionof the site supervisor to see a copy of a blueprint where you should

try to identify the sheet index. Ask the supervisor to show you thearea in which rendering should take place and explain the details for

you. After the visit, write a report to be presented to you peers andlearning facilitator.

CHECKPOINT

What is a sheet index?


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DETERMINATION OF MIXTURE

You should be able to estimate the amount of mortar that is required for the area.

Different types and sizes of blocks combine to make varying wall shapes and finishes. The chartsbelow give an indication of the amount of mortar needed for solid rendering.

Wall thickness Block sizes Mortar/ 100 Blocks(mm) (mm) (m

3)

100 100x100x400 0.170

150 150x100x400 0.170

200 200x100x400 0.170

100 100x200x400 0.230

150 150x200x400 0.230200 200x200x400 0.230

The mortar is mixed with the following proportions by volume:

Mortar type Portland Cement Masonry Cement Hydrated Lime SandM 1 1 - 6

M or S 1 - 3

N 1 - 1 6

N or O - 1 - 3

Type M mortar: has high compressive strength and greater durability. It is used for unreinforcedmasonry below grade. Structures include foundations, retaining walls, walks, sewers, andmanholes.

Type S mortar: medium high strength mortar. It is intended for use where type M mortar is

recommended but where bond and lateral strength are more important than compressive strength.

Type N mortar: is a medium strength mortar suitable for general use in exposed masonry abovegrade. It is best for walls that are exposed to severe weather.

Type O mortar: low strength mortar. Useful in non-load bearing interiors.

The ratio that could be used in a local situation may be:

Cement Sand Gravel

For casting block pockets: 1 : 3 : 6

For decking purposes : 1 : 2 : 4


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CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES

The most common type of concrete block used is the 406.4 mm (16 inches) block. The amount

of mortar needed to lay each block depends on the thickness of the mortar joint between eachblock and the number of blocks to construct the wall. The dimensions of this block are

200x200x300 and are normally laid with 10mm (3/8 inch) of mortar. When you order blocks fora project you should distinguish between nominal size and manufactured size (actual size). The

nominal size is the mortar thickness plus the actual size, which would be200mmx200mmx400mm.

To find the number of blocks needed, divide the wall in equal sections, and find how many

blocks in each section by dividing the height of one section by the nominal size of the block.Multiply this number by the number of sections to get the number of blocks in the wall height.

Divide the width of the wall by the nominal length of one block to get the number of blocks thatcan be laid along the width for one course. Multiply the brick height by the number laid along

the width of the wall to obtain the number of bricks needed for the wall.

You must now calculate the amount of mortar needed. The standard mortar mix is 3 parts sand to1 part cement with water added to suit. The amount of mortar needed to lay a 300mm block with

a 10mm mortar thickness is 1.97litres. Multiply this value by the total amount of blocks to obtainthe amount of mortar needed. Add 10% to this figure to compensate for waste during work.

Divide this number into the ratio for the ingredients of the type of mortar mix desired.

ACTIVITY

Estimate the amount of mortar needed if the number of blocks is 200.

You are required to cast the block pockets. Mix the required ratio ofmortar in a small group of three with the assistance of your learning

facilitator.

CHECKPOINT

Why is the appropriate ratio of mortar depending on the purpose

important?


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PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

For this project you will need: safety boots, safety glasses, dust masks, gloves, hat, and overallstried and fitted correctly and comfortably.

Ensure that the equipment fits satisfactorily. If not, change immediately. The correct use of

safety equipment is important to your welfare on the job and should be taken seriously.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Tools and equipment may include:

measuring tape/rule

trowels

brushes

screed boards

scaffolding straight edges

grinder

concrete mixer

mortar boards and stands

shovel

wheelbarrows

ACTIVITY

Calculate the number of blocks needed in a wall that isapproximately eight feet tall and twenty feet in length using the

nominal size. Explain your method to your peers and your learningfacilitator after which you should present a scaled drawing showing

the wall with the number of blocks to substantiate your result.

CHECKPOINT

Distinguish between actual and nominal size of a block?


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hawks

joint rules

small tools

plumb bob

masons square buckets

sieve

power leads

sponge

float

water hose

These should be checked for workability and any faults reported to your supervisor.

The successful completion of a job is dependent upon the individual who is doing it. The basichand tools have been in use for years and are an integral part of the masonry trade. Most

mechanical and power tools have been developed since the 1920s and 1930s. Althoughrelatively new, they have become a very important part of the masonry trade.

Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA, ( ). LG - BCGCOR0051A: Use Hand and PowerTools

HEART Trust/NTA, ( ). LG - BCGCOR0061A Use Small Plant and Equipment (Askyour learning facilitator how to access these)

HEART Trust/NTA, (1998). Masonry Curriculum Guide,2nd

Edition, M2-6

Before embarking on the task given, tools should be appropriate for the job, as misuse can beinefficient and at times even dangerous as you can be dismissed for being a danger to yourself as

well as others. Check whether or not the tool or equipment is in working condition and if not,report immediately to your supervisor and do not attempt to adjust.

Refer to: Clois E. Kicklighter, (1997). Modern Masonry, Brick, Block, Stone,

The Goodheart- Wilcox Company Inc. pgs. 12-15, 21-26.

Hunter, David L. Sr., (1997), Masonry Construction, Prentice Hall,Inc. pgs. 66-69.


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CHECKPOINT

Why is it important to ensure that tools and equipment are in proper

working condition?

ACTIVITY

Determine the type of tools that you would use when carrying out

solid rendering. After you have visited the site in the earlier activityon page 11, indicate the variation if any between the tools andequipment that you were exposed at your institution and what is

actually used at the building site and explain why would such adifference occur; to your peers and facilitator.


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READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?

Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following Self-Assessment.

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I know how to recognise and adhere to quality assurance

standards of companys construction operations and safetyrequirements ( ) ( )

2. I understand how to recognise and adhere to OH&S

requirements for the workplace environment and prepare forand apply solid render ( ) ( )

3. I can explain how to determine area to receive solid render

from job drawings ( ) ( )

4. I can explain how to determine from job specificationsthe correct mix for solid render ( ) ( )

5. I know how tocalculate from job drawings and specificationsmaterials and required quantities ( ) ( )

6. I know how to select, correctly fit and use the appropriate

personal protective equipment ( ) ( )

7. I know how to select tools and equipment consistent withrequirements for applying solid render to flat surfaces,

check for serviceability and report any faults tosupervisor ( ) ( )


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Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Quality assurance requirements of companys construction

operations are recognised and adhered to ( ) ( )

2. OH&S requirements for the workplace environmentand the preparation for and application of solid render are

recognized and adhered to ( ) ( )

3. Area to receive solid render is determined from jobdrawings ( ) ( )

4. Correct mix for solid render is determined from job

specifications ( ) ( )

5. Materials and required quantities are calculated from jobdrawings and specifications ( ) ( )

6. Appropriate personal protective equipment are selected,

correctly fitted and used ( ) ( )

7. Tools and equipment are selected consistent withrequirements for applying solid render to flat surfaces;

checked for serviceability and any faults are reported to

supervisor ( ) ( )


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ELEMENT 2: PREPARE SURFACE AREA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes toprepare surface area. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with the various activities so

that upon completion you should be able to:

1. Erect scaffolding in accordance with job requirements and OH&S regulations2. Prepare surface area to be rendered in accordance with job specifications

3. Mix and apply dash coat liberally to wetted surface

ERECT SCAFFOLDING

You may have to work at a height above ground level where it is inaccessible while standing.The use of scaffolds will help make your work easier by providing a place for your tools and

materials at a reasonable height. Scaffolding is made of wood or metal. Wooden types aredifficult to move after construction and they cannot be built as high as metal ones, as their

strength will be compromised. Metal scaffolding is usually built elsewhere and assembled onsite. If your wooden scaffolding is more than 1.3m high it should be tied to the building. Several

types of scaffolding are used, namely: tubular, tower, and swing. You should ensure that thescaffolding is erected properly and can carry 4 times the load of workers and materials. Shores

and scaffolds are combined to create a brace for the specific job. They are cross braced toprevent the pipes from moving away from each other depending on the weight they support. A

scaffold is a metal or wooden platform used to support materials and personnel. Shores are madeof round pipes capable of supporting 4600kg/shore unit. Cross braces hold the shore in a vertical

position. They are manufactured to fit into each other so that they can be raised higher thanwooden units. They can be raised or lowered with the use of turn handles on the bottom of the

legs. They are made up in 1.6m to 2m heights and can be stacked to reach higher levels. Thebottom of the shore is positioned on lumber and nailed down. Braces are fastened to each shore

in a cross fashion.

Much of the masons work is performed on some type of scaffolding. Scaffolding must beerected properly and designed to support the load it is designed to carry.


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PREPARATION OF AREA

When preparing surface for rendering you should take into consideration these factors:

Surface must be free from scab mortar, dot screed batten and bits of wood or concretenails

Surface must be free of dust, dirt grease or oil

Straight-edge must be used to check, for straightness

Surface must be clean, straight, square, and plumb as required

In preparation you should also:

Remove scab or dropped mortar using chipping hammer or hammer and cold

chisel

Remove dot screed battens using trowel or hammer and cold chisel

Remove nails using claw hammer; wet, damp or wash surface thoroughly

Check with straight-edge for straightness

Chip away any bulge and apply mortar if necessary. Use straight-edge toensure straightness, and squareness to corners

Clean-up work area, wash tools and return to storeroom

ACTIVITY

You have been given the responsibility to erect a scaffolding for aproject which entails applying solid render to the surface of a wall

that has a height of ten feet.

Specifythe:

Materials to be used

Method of strengthening

Height

Built-in safety measures

CHECKPOINT

How can you determine the safe working load a scaffolding can

carry? Do a research on this to substantiate your point.


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Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA, ( ). LG - BCGMAS0131A, Prepare for ConstructionProcess (Solid Plastering)

HEART Trust/NTA, ( ). LG - BCGCOR0212A Prepare for Construction Process(Wall and Floor Tiling) (Ask your learning facilitator how to access these)

APPLY DASH COAT

Select a trowel that is best for the job. This is usually about 200mm long. Wet the surface areato be mortared and then spread adequate amount of mortar over the surface of blocks. It is

important to spread a good amount of mortar. A brush or a nozzle can also be used to apply themortar mix.

Concrete walls can be finished with designs created by placing blocks in a pattern. Other

finishes can be applied directly to concrete walls, such as stucco or paint. After stucco isapplied, it can be finished with various patterns that simulate designs of brick or stone in various

colors and shapes. Stucco is a kind of plaster that is applied to the face of blocks in concretewalls. The joints of the blocks are rubbed smooth to prevent anything from making the face of

the block rough which could cause ripples in the stucco.

ACTIVITY

You are required to prepare a surface for rendering. Specify the tools

that you will need and explain to your learning facilitator how youintend to carry out the activity. Ask your learning facilitator to allow

you to prepare one of the walls that have been constructed forrendering and carry out the activity exactly as you had specified and

which has been validated by your facilitator.

CHECKPOINT

What factors should you take into consideration when preparing a

surface for rendering?


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The stucco is put on in three courses. The first course is 10mm (3/8 inch) thick and is called a

scratch coat. It is used to fill joints or holes in the wall, and provides a smooth surface on theblock. The second coat is 10mm (3/8 inch) and is called the brown-in coat. This is smoother

than the scratch coat. The final or finish coat is 3mm (1/8 inch), the stucco is to be a smooth or

antique finish.

If a stucco finish is required in the final coat, the plaster is applied thicker, about 6mm (1/4 inch).

A tool is used to create the simulated design finish, which makes the impression of a square cut,the width and depth of a joint. This joint cuts through the finish coat of the stucco. The finish

coat can be tinted to simulate any color of brick or stone.

Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA, (2003). LG - BCGCOR0051A - Use Hand Power

Tool

HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0242A Carry out Levelling(Ask your learning facilitator how to access these).

ACTIVITY

After preparing the surface ask your learning facilitator todemonstrate to you the method/s of applying the dash coat. Take note

of the tools used and the method. Ensure that you understand thereason behind the technique and if you are in any doubt, do not

hesitate to ask for clarification. After the demonstration has beencompleted, carry out the activity using the same method and

technique. You will be evaluated based on how well you:

Mix dash coat

Apply dash coat


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Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist1 Yes No

1. I can explain how to erect a scaffolding in accordance withjob requirements and OH&S regulations ( ) ( )

2. I know how to prepare surface area to be rendered in accordance

with job specifications ( ) ( )

3. I can explain how to mix dash coat and apply liberally to wettedsurface ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

4. Scaffolding is erected in accordance with job requirements

and OH&S regulations ( ) ( )

5. Surface area to be rendered is prepared in accordancewith job specifications ( ) ( )

6. Dash coat is mixed and applied liberally to wetted surface ( ) ( )


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ELEMENT 3: MIX MATERIALS FOR SOLID/ RENDER

ELEMENT 4: APPLY RENDER

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes

that will enable you to mix materials for solid/render and apply render. Your learning facilitatoris there to assist you with the various activities, so that upon completion you should be able to:

1. Mix mortar for render to designed proportion and consistency in accordance with the job

specifications2. Dot and line (screed) render coat to plumb or level tolerance of +/- 2mm over 2.4 metres

3. Apply render to dried splash, dotted and lined surface and screed to correct thickness inaccordance with job drawings and specifications

4. Trowel screed solid render to specify surface according to job finish schedule5. Plumb/Level surface finish to an alignment tolerance of +/-2mm over 3 metres

MIX RENDER

If possible let the mortar be mixed by machine. Mixing time is usually about 3 5 minutes. Too

little mixing can result in a poor mix and too much mixing can reduce the strength of the mortar.Never begin a new a batch when mortar remains in the mixer. When hand mixing put all the

ingredients in a barrow and mix using a shovel. Add water to get the type desired. Allow tostand for 5 minutes then mix again. The mortar should be prepared at the rate at which it is

being used. If not used consistently it will dry out. If this happens add water again and mix tosuit. If the mixture has dried out and is hard, dispose of it.

See Element 1 page 11 for ratio.

Fig. 2: Mortar mixing


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Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0051A, Use Hand and

Power ToolsHEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGMAS0131A Prepare for construction process

(solid plastering) (Ask your learning facilitator how to access these)

SCREEDING

The first finishing operation is usually screeding. This is done to remove excess concrete to

bring the surface to the desired finish or elevation. This is performed with a screed. The edge ofthe screed is either straight or curved. It should be placed on top of the form and pushed slightly

forward. Any excess concrete should be placed in front of the screed as it is moved forward sothat it will fill holes in the concrete form.

Refer to: HEART Trust, (2003). LG - BCGCOR0051A, Use Hand and PowerToolsHEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0242A Carry Out Levelling (Ask your

learning facilitator how to access these)Clois E. Kicklighter, (1997). Modern Masonry, Brick, Block, Stone, The Goodheart-

Wilcox Company Inc. pgs. 133-135, 299-300

ACTIVITY

Carry out the mixing of mortar after this has been demonstrated toyou by your learning facilitator. Take note of the tools used and the

method, also the safety requirements in carrying out this activity.After the demonstration has been completed, carry out the activity.

You will be evaluated based on how well you:

Mix to designed proportion

Consistently adhere to job specifications


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APPLY AND SCREED RENDER

Select a trowel that is best for the job, usually about 250mm (10 inches) long. Take the trowel

full of mortar and place the trowel on the edge of the block shell. Turn it an angle of 20 andshake slightly while moving it along the block shell. As the mortar starts to slide off the trowel,

move it as fast as necessary to make the mortar fill the top of the shell. A thickness of 20mm(3/4 inch) is desired, since the block placed on this will press down the mortar to a thickness of10mm (3/8 inch).

The process is repeated on the other side of the block. Another block is laid on this and settled to

a joint thickness of 10mm (3/8 inch). Figure 3

Take a small amount of mortar on the

point of the trowel and wipe this on the

corner end of the block, leaving a 20mm(3/4 inch) thickness of mortar. The shells

on the next block space are then preparedwith mortar, set in place, and then pushed

against the block with mortar and thentapped to make a 10mm (3/8 inch) joint.

Excess mortar on the face of the block is

then removed with the trowel. Thisprocess is repeated for the next set of

blocks until the wall is completed.

http://Alltheweb.com accessed 2003

Construction process

Screeding is the first finishing operation after completing the concrete wall. It is performed with

a screed. Screeding is the process of stroking off the excess concrete so that the surface isbrought to the proper grade or elevation. The edge of the screed is placed on the wall and

moved slightly across the walls surface.

An excess of concrete is carried across the surface of the wall and is used to fill holes or lowplaces in the wall. A story pole is used to check the tolerance.

Story pole - A marked pole formeasuring masonry coursing during

construction.


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Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0051A Use Hand and Power

ToolsHEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0081A, - Use Simple Levelling Devices

HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0242A Carry Out Levelling (Ask yourlearning facilitator how to access these)

Clois E. Kicklighter, (1997). Modern Masonry, Brick, Block, Ston, The Goodheart-Wilcox Company Inc. pgs. 299-302.

SCREED TO FINISH

If a smooth surface is required steel troweling is performed after floating. Floating is done to

reduce the amount of work to be completed by the finisher. Wooden or metal floats are used

when the surface has hardened. Floating and troweling are done before moving kneeboards. Thetrowel boards must be kept as flat as possible against the surface. A new trowel should not beused for the first troweling but an old one that is already broken in. Smaller ones should be used

for successive applications.

Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0051A Use Hand andPower Tools

HEART Trust/NTA, (2003). LG - BCGCOR0081A, Use Simple Levelling DevicesHEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0242A Carry Out Levelling (Ask your

learning facilitator how to access these)

ACTIVITY

Simulate a situation whereby you have been asked to screed a surface

that has been rendered to the specifications to plumb or leveltolerance of +/- 2mm over 2.4 metres. Carry out this activity in a

small group of two whereby the responsibilities have been definedfor each individual. Specify for your learning facilitator the tools that

will be required and the materials that need to be ordered to carry outthe requirement to the highest quality.


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SURFACE FINISHING AND LEVELLING

When finishing and levelling you should consider these factors:

Application must be applied swiftly in thin coats of .5cm

Application must be of uniform thickness

Coat must be covered with concrete spanning the length and width of the

straight edge

Coat must be rodded vertically and horizontally with thick straight-edge

Mortar must be re- applied to hollows and re-rodded for perfect straightness on verticaland horizontal planes

You should:

Ensure correct coat bonding (redamp if necessary)

Ensure mortar is of correct water retentivity

Ensure mortar is of correct proportion and uniformly mixed to give requiredappearance in colour

Apply finishing coat in one thickness as quickly and smoothly as possible with plasteringtrowel

Use straight-edge to ensure perfect horizontal and vertical surface

Clean-up work area after task is completed

Wash and return tools to storeroom

Use a spirit level to check for level and use a story pole to check the tolerance after floating andscreeding.

Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0081A, Use SimpleLevelling Devices

HEART Trust/NTA, (2003). LG - BCGCOR0242A Carry Out Levelling (Ask yourlearning facilitator how to access these)

ACTIVITY

Carry out the finishing and leveling of a surface that has been

screeded to specifications of plumb/level surface finish and to analignment tolerance of +/-2mm over 3 metres. Have thisdemonstrated to you by your learning facilitator before you begin to

ensure that you understand the method , technique and the safetyrequirements. Carry out this activity in a small group of two to

complement your effort.


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Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I can explain how to mix mortar for render to designed

proportion and consistency in accordance with the jobspecifications ( ) ( )

2. I know how to render coat dotted and lined (screeded) to

plumb or level tolerance of +/- 2mm over 2.4 metres ( ) ( )

3. I can explain how to dry splash, dot and line surface,

screed to render and apply to correct thickness inaccordance with job drawings and specifications ( ) ( )

4. I know how to trowel screed solid render to specifysurface according to job finishes schedule ( ) ( )

5. I know how to finish surface plumb/level and to an

alignment tolerance of +/-2mm over 3 metres ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Mortar for render is mixed to designed proportion andconsistency in accordance with the job specifications ( ) ( )

2. Render coat dotted and lined (screeded) to plumb or

level tolerance of +/- 2mm over 2.4 metres ( ) ( )

3. Render applied to dried splash, dotted and linedsurface and screeded to correct thickness in

accordance with job drawings and specifications ( ) ( )

4. Screeded solid render trowelled to specify surfaceaccording to job finish schedule ( ) ( )

5. Surface finished plumb/level and to an alignmenttolerance of +/-2mm over 3 metres ( ) ( )


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ELEMENT 5: CURE APPLIED SURFACE

ELEMENT 6: CLEAN UP

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through these elements you will acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes

to cure applied surface and clean up. Your learning facilitator is there to assist you with thevarious activities, so that upon completion you should be able to:

1. Cure finished surface using curing method in accordance with the job requirements and

architects specifications2. Clear work area

3. Remove waste materials from job area and place into job waste bins or rubbish stockpile4. Store unused materials

5. Clean, maintain and store tools and equipment

CURE SURFACE

When you are curing a surface it is desirable that little or no moisture is lost during the earlystages of hardening. This can be achieved by placing a covering over the surface made from

canvas or plastic. Protect freshly deposited mortar from premature drying and excessively hotor cold temperatures; maintain minimal moisture loss at relatively constant temperature for

necessary hydration time and relatively constant temperature for necessary hydration timeand proper hardening of surface.

In addition to the initial overnight curing, continue final curing operations until the number of

days occur, during which time the temperature of the air in contact with the surface is above 10degree Celsius (50 degrees F), equals 7 days. Take care to prevent rapid drying at the end of the

curing period.

Refer to: HEART Trust/NTA (2003). LG - BCGCOR0212A Prepare SurfacesSeattlehttp://www.seattle.gov/parks/projects/standards/Specs/Tech/03345_Concrete%20Finishin

g%20for%20Site%20Work.doc Accessed 23/10/07


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CLEARWORK AREA

Cleaning up the worksite is very important. You should pay attention to this part of the job. As

you complete the task of cleaning up, there are a few things to bear in mind.

If you do not practise cleanliness you could end up doing the job again or causing additional

expense. By removing debris and other waste you can decrease the potential for danger on a site.In the event that you will be leaving the work area for a short time, take nothing for granted, tryto leave it as safe as possible especially if an authorized personnel will not be present.

Weld residue should be placed in a wheelbarrow and removed from work area. Chisel off the dry

weld deposit and used electrodes.

REMOVE WASTE/ STORE UNUSED MATERIALS

You should remove the waste material from the work area. The excess material should be placedin an area away from the work or in bins if appropriate so that it can be disposed of properly.

All other material should be placed in an area that is easily accessible to the workmen. The areafor the unwanted material should be dry and properly ventilated.

CLEAN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Since your equipment plays a very important role in your efficiency, it is definitely a good idea

to secure the equipment properly to prevent theft or injury to persons who are ignorant as to theiroperating procedures. Some of these pieces of equipment include:

Chipping hammer

brush

CHECKPOINT

What method would you use to cure a surface, and why?


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Wash the area with a power machine to remove dust.

The Occupational Health & Safety requirements should also be adhered to upon completion ofthe job. You should protect your equipment, clear, replace and lock properly when they are not

needed.

There are steps to take before you clean the tools and equipment you have been using. Makesure of the following:

Unplug electrical equipment

You should read instructions or manufacturers guide for immobilizing, cleaning andstoring the tools and equipment you use

Immobilize all moving parts on equipment and tools

NB: Follow the manufacturers instructions with regard to the respective equipment, or seekadvice on how to make pieces of equipment safe. Secure the best liquid for cleaning them.

When storing, edges should be covered to ensure protection of cutting edge and your safety. If

any defects whatsoever are detected, the equipment must be immediately repaired, removed fromthe site for repairs or if irreparable, disposed of. Equipment that is not in use should be stacked

and stored neatly out of the weather or working environment.

A Safe and Secure Job Site

Make sure that you and your colleagues agree on safety issues, on-the-job conduct (no alcohol,for example), storage, cleanup of construction materials, and disposal of hazardous substances.

Know the rules and abide by them for your own safety.

CHECKPOINT

Why is it necessary to maintain and store equipment in a safe place?

Give at least three reasons.

ACTIVITY

Ask your learning facilitator to take you to a building site afterobtaining permission. Observe the cleaning up procedure amongother things such as the site requirements, location of the activity and

explain how this would impact on occupational health and safetyissues. What recommendations would you make? Write a report and

submit to your learning facilitator.


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Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the components bydoing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I know how to cure finished surface using curing method in

accordance with the job requirements and architectsspecifications ( ) ( )

2. I know how to clear work area ( ) ( )

3. I can explain how to remove waste materials from job area

and place into job waste bins or rubbish stockpile ( ) ( )

4. I know how to store unused materials ( ) ( )

5. I understand how to clean, maintain and store tools andequipment ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Finished surface is cured using curing method inaccordance with the job requirements and architects

specifications ( ) ( )

3. Work area is cleared ( ) ( )

3. Waste materials are removed from job area and placedinto job waste bins or rubbish stockpile ( ) ( )

4. Unused materials are stored ( ) ( )

5. Tools and equipment are cleaned, maintained and stored ( ) ( )


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