aristotle.pptx

8/20/2019 aristotle.pptx

1/14

ARISTOTLE


2/14

THE BEGINNINGS

Aristotle was born in 384 BC

His father was physician to the king of

Macedonia.

When he was 7, he went to study at Plato’s Academy.

Began as a student, became a researcher and

finally a teacher.

Was considered one of Plato’s best students.Plato died and willed the Academy to his nephew.

Aristotle left and founded the Lyceum.


3/14

ARISTOTLE AND REALISM

Aristotle was a realist. Plato was an idealist.

Central thread of idealism is the principle or

thesis of independence.Reality, knowledge and value exist independently of

the mind. Realism rejects the Idealist notion that

only ideas are real.

Believed form is within matter and change takes

place in matter.

Believed a relationship exists between scienceand philosophy, and that the study of one leads to

the study of the other.


4/14

ARISTOTLE’S VIEWS

Balance is the central concept to Aristotle’s

views.

Saw universe as being in a balanced and orderly

fashion.

Education was the means used to create a state

of good citizens.


5/14

MAN IS A RATIONAL ANIMAL

Aristotle believed “man is a rational animal.”

While animals express pleasure or pain with

their cries, man and only man is able to speak.

Ability to speak allows man to be able todetermine the difference between what is right

and what is wrong, what is beneficial and what is

harmful.

So, how are these skills and knowledge acquired?

Through education.


6/14

EDUCATION WAS CENTRAL

A fulfilled person was an educated person.

Education was essential for the self-realization of

man.

The supreme good to which all men aspire ishappiness.


7/14

EDUCATION AND LEARNING

Aristotle believed education and learning are

always about an object and should have content.

He believed a teacher instructs a learner about

an object, about some knowledge, or some

discipline.

Teaching and learning are always about

disciplined inquiry into some aspect of reality.

A school should cultivate and develop each

person’s rationality.


8/14

KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF

Knowledge is different from belief in that

knowledge is the beginning of dialectic reasoning.

Aristotle believed people make mistakes when

their judgment is not found on reason.

A person cannot make a mistake if they have

knowledge of something.

Aristotle argued that man should know his own

weaknesses so that he would be more cognizant

of what he does to make mistakes. If he knows

how he creates mistakes, he can take steps to

make sure he does what it takes to prevent

mistakes from happening.


9/14

LEARNING

Students learned about something by practicing

it over and over again until they learned it.

This was done through the practice of

habituation.

Idea of learning was “Practice first, theory

afterwards,” or “Do the deed and ye shall know

the doctrine.”


10/14

LEARNING, CONT.

Work begun by nature and continued by habit or

exercise was completed and crowned by

instruction.

This had two functions:To make action free by making it rational, and

To make possible an advance to original action.

Nature and habit make men slaves, gov’d by

instincts and prescriptions.

Instruction, or revelation of the grounds of

action, set men free.

Greeks thought of this as the realization of

manhood – or the divine in man.


11/14

WHO WAS TO BE EDUCATED?

Men of noble nature.

Only citizens of the state were to be educated.

The role of women was to keep house and have

children. Believed women were “intellectuallyinferior” to men.

Marriage was simple an arrangement to

procreate and rear offspring.

Women were regarded as a means and not as anend.

Slaves were not educated.


12/14

MEN WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO

CLASSES

A Governing Class, and

A Governed Class

Governing Class required education so that it

could govern the Governed Class.Governed Class required just enough education

as would enable it to obey.

Only by completing these duties would each class

find its usefulness and satisfaction, or balance.


13/14

THE ORDER OF THINGS

Man

Wife

Children

Slaves


14/14

THE END

Aristotle died in 322 B.C.

Documents

aristotle.pptx