Introduction to Psychology

Citation

Darwinian theory, functionalism, and the first American psychological revolution. Green, Christopher D. American Psychologist. Vol 64(2), Feb-Mar 2009, 75-83.

Abstract

American functionalist psychology constituted an effort to model scientific psychology on the successes of English evolutionary theory. In part it was a response to the stagnation of Wundt's psychological research program, which had been grounded in German experimental physiology. In part it was an attempt to make psychology more appealing within the highly pragmatic American context and to facilitate the application of psychology to domains outside of the scientific laboratory. Applications of psychology that emerged from the functionalist ethos included child and developmental psychology, clinical psychology, psychological testing, and industrial/vocational psychology. Functionalism was also the ground within which behaviorism rooted and grew into the dominant form of psychology through the middle of the 20th century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Comment/Reply]Errors in the critiques of Gestalt psychology. IV. Inconsistencies in Woodworth, Spearman and McDougall. Wheeler, R. H.; Perkins, F. T.; Bartley, S. H. Psychological Review. Vol 40(5), Sep 1933, 412-433.

Abstract

1. The systems founded by these three authors all face the problem of unity or organization, Woodworth's from the standpoint of biological functionalism, Spearman's by emphasizing the creative aspect or noegenesis, and McDougall's by stressing the purposive aspect of mental life. But all resort to mechanistic or mechanovitalistic theories and the principle of associational synthesis, which is the direct antithesis of organismic psychology. Woodworth seeks a middle-of-the-road position, but this is impossible, because the mechanistic and organismic systems are both all-or-none systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Article SelectedCitation Positive psychology: An introduction.By Seligman, Martin E. P.; Csikszentmihalyi, MihalyAmerican Psychologist. Vol 55(1), Jan 2000, 5-14.Abstract

A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of positive psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.

Conclusion

Before I explain my experience of researches on the topic of “Introduction to psychology” I would like to add that whenever our mind is opened to something new, we are always curious about it. It is nature of human mind to absorb knowledge and explore new things. But before exploring new things, a question always comes in our mind that what it is related to? What is the meaning of that particular subject? How it developed? When the word psychology comes in our mind, we would like to know what it means. How it developed in history? What is it scope now in today’s world? What is it importance? What development has been done in it? What are its branches?

Through my searches I explored a lot of new things in the context of “Intro to Psychology”. I found schools and branches of psychology and its history more than I studied in the class. Some of them were.

o Analytical psychology o Behavioral genetics o Cultural-historical psychology o Ecopsychology o Existential psychology o Individual psychologyo Phenomenological psychology o Radical behaviorism o Transactional analysis o Transpersonal psychologyo Community psychology

Those articles which I found are more more about “Intro to Psychology” includes:

Identification and measurement of core competencies in professional psychology : Areas for consideration.

Identification and measurement of core competencies in professional psychology : Areas for consideration.

Psychology ’s role in mathematics and science education.

Darwinian theory, functionalism, and the first American psychological revolution.

Errors in the critiques of Gestalt psychology. IV. Inconsistencies in Woodworth, Spearman and McDougall.

Positive psychology: An introduction.

I selected the last three for abstract.

Research in psychologyCitation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets. Curran, Patrick J.; Hussong, Andrea M. Psychological Methods. Vol 14(2), Jun 2009, 81-100.

Abstract

1. There are both quantitative and methodological techniques that foster the development and maintenance of a cumulative knowledge base within the psychological sciences. Most noteworthy of these techniques is meta-analysis, which allows for the synthesis of summary statistics drawn from multiple studies when the original data are not available. However, when the original data can be obtained from multiple studies, many advantages stem from the statistical analysis of the pooled data. The authors define integrative data analysis (IDA) as the analysis of multiple data sets that have been pooled into one. Although variants of IDA have been incorporated into other scientific disciplines, the use of these techniques is much less evident in psychology. In this article the authors present an overview of IDA as it may be applied within the psychological sciences, discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of IDA, describe analytic strategies for analyzing pooled individual data, and offer recommendations for the use of IDA in practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Qualitative research and its place in psychological science.

By Madill, Anna; Gough, Brendan

Psychological Methods. Vol 13(3), Sep 2008, 254-271.

In discussing the place of diverse qualitative research within psychological science, the authors highlight the potential permeability of the quantitative-qualitative boundary and identify different ways of increasing communication between researchers specializing in different methods. Explicating diversity within qualitative research is facilitated, initially, through documenting the range of qualitative data collection and analytic methods available. The authors then

consider the notion of paradigmatic frame and review debates on the current and future positioning of qualitative research within psychological science. In so doing, the authors argue that the different ways in which the concept of paradigm can be interpreted allow them to challenge the idea that diverse research paradigms are prima facie incommensurate. Further, reviewing the ways in which proponents of qualitative research are seeking to reconfigure the links between paradigms helps the authors to envisage how communication between research communities can be enhanced. This critical review allows the authors to systematize possible configurations for research practice in psychology on a continuum of paradigm integration and to specify associated criteria for judging intermethod coherence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Paper or plastic? Data equivalence in paper and electronic diaries. Green, Amie S.; Rafaeli, Eshkol; Bolger, Niall; Shrout, Patrick E.; Reis, Harry T. Psychological Methods. Vol 11(1), Mar 2006, 87-105.

Abstract

1. Concern has been raised about the lack of participant compliance in diary studies that use paper-and-pencil as opposed to electronic formats. Three studies explored the magnitude of compliance problems and their effects on data quality. Study 1 used random signals to elicit diary reports and found close matches to self-reported completion times, matches that could not plausibly have been fabricated. Studies 2 and 3 examined the psychometric and statistical equivalence of data obtained with paper versus electronic formats. With minor exceptions, both methods yielded data that were equivalent psychometrically and in patterns of findings. These results serve to at least partially mollify concern about the validity of paper diary methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Conclusion

A wide range of research methods are used in psychology.Most methods gather either qualitative data, quantitative data or both. Here are the main research methods which I found during research:

Laboratory experiment Field experiment Quasi experiment Correlational Observation , Case study Interview , Statistical survey Prospective study , Longitudinal study Cross-sectional study , Meta analysis Content analysis

During the research I found that most of the firm are now using quntitative research for evaluation.They wanted to measure the outcomes in quantity not quality.

Morover during my research I foud the following articles relates to research in psychology.

The developmental relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge: A multimethod approach.

A general approach for estimating scale score reliability for panel survey data.

Using derivative estimates to describe intraindividual variability at multiple time scales.

Review of Methods in Social Science. Review of The psychergograph: A method of measuring mental work and

A voice tonoscope]. Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets. Qualitative research and its place in psychological science. Paper or plastic? Data equivalence in paper and electronic diaries

And I selected the last three for my articles.

Sensation

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Sensory transmission mechanisms. Milner, Peter M. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie. Vol 12(3), Sep 1958, 149-158.

Abstract

1. In visual, auditory, and gustatory discrimination finer differentiation is obtained than can be directly accounted for by differences in excitation of adjacent peripheral receptors. A neural mechanism or schema is presented which may sharpen and amplify differences through several afferent stages. "The qualities of sensation are no better defined at the periphery than are its spatial attributes." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]New directions in touch. Lederman, Susan J.; Klatzky, Roberta L. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale. Vol 61(3), Sep 2007, 169-170.

Abstract

1. Introduces the special issue on New Directions in Touch, which focuses on a number of critical topics concerning the sense of touch, with invited reviews written by some of the top researchers in the field today. Some of these are traditional topics that have seen impressive advances in recent years, while others are quite new. The intent in highlighting this work is to reflect the increasing excitement in recent years surrounding the exponential increase in highly innovative and diverse research devoted to

the sense of touch. There are nine articles in the special issue, covering a wide assortment of topics related to human tactile and haptic sensing and its application, including sensation, perception, cognition and their underlying neural mechanisms, and how basic research on touch has been applied to the design of haptic interfaces for teleoperation and virtual environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Review-Book]Review of Some relations between vision and audition. Geldard, Frank A. Psychological Bulletin. Vol 48(3), May 1951, pp. 273.

Abstract

1. Reviews the book Some relations between vision and audition , by J. D. Harris, (see record 1951-02809-000). When sense modalities are being compared, relations of difference are more easily established than those of similarity. But many sensory phenomena transcend modal boundaries, and some, such as adaptation, appear in all sense departments. This book consists of a dozen or so brief essays, stresses the functional resemblances between vision and audition as a start "toward arriving at general principles of organization and theory of the whole sensorium." The points of comparison of the two senses, not entirely systematically selected, themselves exemplify the difficulties inherent in making intermodal comparisons. The topics are: absolute and differential sensitivity, the relative ranges of intensities mediated, wave frequency as a sensation determinant, relative efficiencies as energy integrators, ways in which sensations develop and decay, responses to regularly interrupted stimuli, the question of bilateral interaction, events in single nerve fibers, central and peripheral determinants of acuity, quantum considerations, and intersensory phenomena. The experimental evidences cited are quite commodiously documented. Still, there are a few topics in connection with which one could wish that the visual literature had been appealed to in as competent a manner as was the auditory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Conclusion

In the research of sensation I found very little about only sensation and more was about the combination of both sesation and perception which shows that have strong relationship with one another.

Absolute Memory for Musical Pitch Journal Article Sensation seeking, substance abuse, and psychopathology in treatment-

seeking and community cocaine abusers. Relationships between dimensions of anxiety and sensation seeking. The role of gender and sensation seeking in film choice: Exploring mood

and arousal Subliminal Perception Sensory transmission mechanisms. New directions in touch Review of Some relations between vision and audition.

I selected the last three for my articles.

Perception

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Edge-region grouping in figure-ground organization and depth perception. Palmer, Stephen E.; Brooks, Joseph L. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Vol 34(6), Dec 2008, 1353-1371.

Abstract

1. Edge-region grouping (ERG) is proposed as a unifying and previously unrecognized class of relational information that influences figure-ground organization and perceived depth across an edge. ERG occurs when the edge between two regions is differentially grouped with one region based on classic principles of similarity grouping. The ERG hypothesis predicts that the grouped side will tend to be perceived as the closer, figural region. Six experiments are reported that test the predictions of the ERG hypothesis for 6 similarity-based factors: common fate, blur similarity, color similarity, orientation similarity, proximity, and flicker synchrony. All 6 factors produce the predicted effects, although to different degrees. In a 7th experiment, the strengths of these figural/depth effects were found to correlate highly with the strength of explicit grouping ratings of the same visual displays. The relations of ERG to prior results in the literature are discussed, and possible reasons for ERG-based figural/depth effects are considered. We argue that grouping processes mediate at least some of the effects we report here, although ecological explanations are also likely to be relevant in the majority of cases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Scene and position specificity in visual memory for objects. Hollingworth, Andrew Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Vol 32(1), Jan 2006, 58-69.

Abstract

1. This study investigated whether and how visual representations of individual objects are bound in memory to scene context. Participants viewed a series of naturalistic scenes, and memory for the visual form of a target object in each scene was examined in a 2-alternative forced-choice test, with the distractor object either a different object token or the target object rotated in depth. In Experiments 1 and 2, object memory performance was more accurate when the test object alternatives were displayed within the original scene than when they were displayed in isolation, demonstrating object-to-scene binding. Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that episodic scene representations are formed through the binding of object representations to scene locations. Consistent with this hypothesis, memory performance was more accurate when the test alternatives were displayed within the scene at the same position originally occupied by the target than when they were displayed at a different position. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Visual perception as an integrated characteristic of the psychophysiological development of six- to eight-year-old children MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC

Abstract

1. Abstract  The psychophysiological structure of subtests included in the Methodology of Estimation of the Degree of Visual Perception Development has been determined, and the usability of this methodology for the integrated assessment of the degree of the psychophysiological development of six- to eight-year-old children has been justified. The role of the degree of visual perception development in the psychophysiological state of children has been demonstrated, with special emphasis on the effect of visual perception on the fulfillment of other psychophysiological functions and the formation of learning difficulties.

ConclusionDuring my research I found that perception about anything differs in every individual. No one has exact uniqueness in perceiving things.Moreover eye(visual perception) is the important part in perception.i also wanted to include the quotation as we know about it, that is “The reality itself is not reality but what we perceive it ..that is the reality”. Following are the some articles related to perception which I found during my research:

When perception is more than reality: The effects of perceived versus actual resource depletion on self-regulatory behavior.

The effects of handedness and reachability on perceived distance Binocular fixation disparity in single word displays. The influence of memory on perception : It’s not what things look like, it’s

what you call them. Contribution of eye position to movement perception  The influence of categories on perception: Explaining the perceptual

magnet effect as optimal statistical inference Edge-region grouping in figure-ground organization and depth perception. Scene and position specificity in visual memory for objects Visual perception as an integrated characteristic of the

psychophysiological development of six- to eight-year-old children

I selected the last three for article abstract.

Personality

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Employee personality as a moderator of the relationships between work stressors and counterproductive work behavior. Bowling, Nathan A.; Eschleman, Kevin J. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. Vol 15(1), Jan 2010, 91-103.

Abstract

1. The current study, which is framed within the context of the Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, examined counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) as a response to ineffective coping with work stressors. More specifically, we examined whether the relationship between work stressors and CWBs was moderated by employee personality. Analyses using data collected from 726 adults employed in a diverse set of occupations found that work stressors were more strongly related to CWBs among workers who were low in conscientiousness, or high in negative affectivity (NA) than among workers who were high in conscientiousness, or low in NA. We found less consistent support, however, for the moderating effects of agreeableness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Only three factors of personality description are fully replicable across languages: A comparison of 14 trait taxonomies. De Raad, Boele; Barelds, Dick P. H.; Levert, Eveline; Ostendorf, Fritz; Mlacic, Boris; Blas, Lisa Di; Hrebícková, Martina; Szirmák, Zsófia; Szarota, Piotr; Perugini, Marco; Church, A. Timothy; Katigbak, Marcia S. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 98(1), Jan 2010, 160-173.

Abstract

1. We tested the hypothesis that only 3 factors of personality description are replicable across many different languages if they are independently derived by a psycholexical approach. Our test was based on 14 trait taxonomies from 12 different languages. Factors were compared at each level of factor extraction with solutions with 1 to 6 factors. The 294 factors in the comparisons were identified using sets of markers of the 6-factor

model by correlating the marker scales with the factors. The factor structures were pairwise compared in each case on the basis of the common variables that define the 2 sets of factors. Congruence coefficients were calculated between the varimax rotated structures after Procrustes rotation, where each structure in turn served as a target to which all other structures were rotated. On the basis of average congruence coefficients of all 91 comparisons, we conclude that factor solutions with 3 factors on average are replicable across languages; solutions with more factors are not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Steel, Piers; Schmidt, Joseph; Shultz, Jonas Psychological Bulletin. Vol 134(1), Jan 2008, 138-161.

Abstract

1. Understanding subjective well-being (SWB) has historically been a core human endeavor and presently spans fields from management to mental health. Previous meta-analyses have indicated that personality traits are one of the best predictors. Still, these past results indicate only a moderate relationship, weaker than suggested by several lines of reasoning. This may be because of commensurability, where researchers have grouped together substantively disparate measures in their analyses. In this article, the authors review and address this problem directly, focusing on individual measures of personality (e.g., the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and categories of SWB (e.g., life satisfaction). In addition, the authors take a multivariate approach, assessing how much variance personality traits account for individually as well as together. Results indicate that different personality and SWB scales can be substantively different and that the relationship between the two is typically much larger (e.g., 4 times) than previous meta-analyses have indicated. Total SWB variance accounted for by personality can reach as high as 39% or 63% disattenuated. These results also speak to meta-analyses in general and the need to account for scale differences once a sufficient research base has been generated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Conclusion

During my research I found about the big five personality traits that are the measurement tool of personality. And I found that Personality disorder are strongly caused by the child hood factors or traumas e.g. effect of mother’s or father’s death on the child, or child is not giving proper attention from the parents ,or relative’s treatment is not so good etc. He repress his feeling in his childhood and its effect is seen on later stages of life.

Moreover I am writing some of the researches her which I found. Appraisal of responsibility: A new questionnaire and its relation to

depression, rigid thoughts, and norms. The Impact of an Older Adult's Death on the Family. The relationship between student personality characteristics, teacher

ratings, and student achievement. Alcohol, sexual arousal, and self-control. Typical intellectual engagement and personality : Reply to Rocklin (1994). Personality as revealed by mental test scores and by school grades Employee personality as a moderator of the relationships between work

stressors and counterproductive work behavior. Only three factors of personality description are fully replicable across

languages: A comparison of 14 trait taxonomies. Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.

I selected the lat three for abstract.

EmotionCitation

Positive emotions in early life and longevity: Findings from the nun study.By Danner, Deborah D.; Snowdon, David A.; Friesen, Wallace V.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 80(5), May 2001, 804-813.AbstractHandwritten autobiographies from 180 Catholic nuns, composed when participants were a mean age of 22 years, were scored for emotional content and related to survival during ages 75 to 95. A strong inverse association was found between positive emotional content in these writings and risk of mortality in late life (p < .001). As the quartile ranking of positive emotion in early life increased, there was a stepwise decrease in risk of mortality resulting in a 2.5-fold difference between the lowest and highest quartiles. Positive emotional content in early-life autobiographies was strongly associated with longevity 6 decades later. Underlying mechanisms of balanced emotional states are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) .

Citation

Review of The brain and emotion and Anxiety, depression and emotion. Rippon, Gina Journal of Psychophysiology. Vol 15(3),2001, 208-210.

Abstract

1. Reviews the books, The brain and emotion by E. Rolls (2000) and Anxiety, depression and emotion edited by R. D. Davidson (2000). If the term "Emotion" was not present in the titles of both these books, the reader could be forgiven for thinking that they were about two distinct, nonoverlapping aspects of human behaviour. The "emotion" that is the subject of Rolls' research monograph at first glance appears to bear little relation to the process linking the research reviews in Davidson's edited text. But in the final analysis they can be described as complementary, although one suspects that they will attract nonoverlapping audiences. The reviewer feels that the Rolls book is really talking about motivation, and that a more accurate title for the book would be "The brain, motivation ande emotion" with "Issues for consciousness" as a subtitle. It is a masterly, coherent, and challenging monograph. Davidson's edited text gives a very different treatment of emotion or affect, principally characterized by the assumption that emotion is a "given," that we know

what it is, and that it does not need defining. This is not necessarily a shortcoming, but indicates that the contributors are writing about emotional behaviour from very different perspectives and for very different reasons from Rolls. These books are very different, both in their content and in their approach. Each is of value in different ways. Rolls provides a scholarly monograph on motivational states, with a thought-provoking conclusion on how these might form the bases of our emotions and the relevance of all of this to consciousness. It would be of value to a wide range of researchers, principally neuroscientists but evolutionary psychologists and neural networkers could also find something of interest in the closing chapters. Davidson's collection provides a set of valuable and comprehensive reviews of research on anxiety and depression, with the added value of critical evaluations of each of these contributions. It would be of interest to psychophysiologists, but also to clinical practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

The Emerging Role of Emotions in Work Life: An IntroductionCynthia D. Fisher and Neal M. AshkanasyJournal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 2, Special Issue: Emotions in Organization (Mar., 2000), pp. 123-129 (article consists of 7 pages) Published by: John Wiley & Sons

Abstract

Research into the role that emotions play in organizational settings has only recently been revived, following publication in 1983 of Hochschild's The Managed Heart. Since then, and especially over the last five years, the tempo of research in this field has stepped up, with various initiatives such as conferences and e-mail discussion lists playing significant roles. This Special Issue is another initiative in this genre. The six papers in the Special Issue were selected from forty submissions, and cover a wide range of contemporary research issues. The papers deal with the relationship of mood to job characteristics and to job satisfaction, manifestation of anger in dyadic relationships, perceptions and effects of emotional labor, emotional intelligence in selection interviews, and the effects of displays of sadness and anger by leaders. In this introduction, we broadly introduce the topic of emotions in workplace settings, summarize the six papers, and present some directions for future research.

ConclusionDuring my research I found some of the articles about the employees’ positive emotion causes the increasing outcomes on the work place. Now organizations have realized that there should be a good relation between workers and management to increase the outcomes.\this is the reason that business students are taught OB(Organizational Behavior).More I saw the articles that describes the positive relation between positive emotions and long life and negative relation between Negative emotions and long life.

Use of gaze for real-time mood regulation: Effects of age and attention functioning.

Positive and negative emotion enhances the processing of famous faces in a semantic judgment task.

Emotion and organized behavior: Experimental data bearing on the Leeper-Young controversy.

Employee Positive emotions and favorable outcome at the work place Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize

emotional labor. Are specific emotions narrated differently? Positive emotions in early life and longevity: Findings from the nun

study Review of The brain and emotion and Anxiety, depression and

emotion The Emerging Role of Emotions in Work Life: An Introduction

I selected the last three for the abstract.

MotivationCitation

Are moods motivational states? A study on effort-related cardiovascular response. de Burgo, Joana; Gendolla, Guido H. E. Emotion. Vol 9(6), Dec 2009, 892-897.

Abstract

1. Based on the mood-behavior-model (Gendolla, 2000), this study tested the idea that moods only have effects on effort mobilization in settings that directly call for this and in which people can thus use their moods as task-relevant information. Fifty university students were randomly assigned to a 2 (Mood: negative vs. positive) × 2 (Memorizing: intentional vs. incidental) × 2 (Time: mood induction vs. task performance) mixed model design. Effort mobilization was operationalized as systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity. As expected, in the intentional-memorizing condition, SBP reactivity was stronger in a negative mood than in a positive mood. Mood had no impact in the incidental-memorizing condition, which did not call for effort mobilization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

The role of performance antecedents and consequences in work motivation: Correction to Komaki, Collins, and Penn. Komaki, Judith L.; Collins, Robert L.; Penn, Pat Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol 67(4), Aug 1982, pp. 410.

Abstract

1. Reports an error in the original article by Judith L. Komaki, Robert L. Collins, and Pat Penn (Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 334-340). An incorrect version of Figure 1 was printed. The correct version is provided. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1982-26864-001.) Assessed the effects of both antecedents and consequences while keeping supervisory involvement and stimulus changes constant. The safety performance of 200 employees in 4 departments of a processing plant was monitored 3 times/wk over 46 wks. A multiple baseline design was used in which the phases were introduced in steps. Following baseline, the antecedent condition was presented, in which safety rules were explained and safety meetings held, along with frequent supervisor interaction and stimulus changes. Then the

performance consequence, feedback, in which a feedback graph was maintained and feedback meetings held, was added. The antecedent condition, even when bolstered by fairly extensive supervisor involvement, resulted in improvements in only 2 out of 4 departments. Only during the consequent condition did performance significantly improve in all departments over baseline and antecedent conditions. Furthermore, employees reported that they preferred obtaining information following their performance. The results confirm that performance consequences such as feedback play a critical role in work motivation and that antecedents alone may not be effective in all cases, even with fairly extensive supervisor involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Cross-cultural differences in two-factor motivation theory. Hines, George H. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol 58(3), Dec 1973, 375-377.

Abstract

1. Tested F. Herzberg's 2-factor motivation theory in New Zealand, using ratings of 12 job factors and overall job satisfaction obtained from 218 middle managers and 196 salaried employees. Contrary to dichotomous motivator-hygiene predictions, supervision and interpersonal relationships were ranked highly by those with high job satisfaction, and there was strong agreement between satisfied managers and salaried employees in the relative importance of job factors. Findings are interpreted in terms of social and employment conditions in New Zealand. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

ConclusionWhen I hit the search on “articles on motivation” I found the Motivational Articles related to some of the leaders in investing, business, and finance includes articles about motivation, getting motivated & keeping motivation.I also found many articles related to motivating employees, need for motivation, how to motivate class, self improvement and motivation, regain your motivation, motivational theories and so on.I found through articles that most of the organizations uses the basic motivational theories with minor changes as Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs. I am writing here some of the names of the articles which I found in Psychological Journal

An Individual Difference Measure of Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions

Motivation and Affect in the Self-Regulation of Behavior. Introduction to the special section on motivation and efficacy. Motivation , depression, and naturalistic time-based prospective

remembering Nature’s clocks and human mood: The circadian system modulates

reward motivation . Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and

motivation processes. Motivational processes affecting learning A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Are moods motivational states? A study on effort-related cardiovascular The role of performance antecedents and consequences in work

motivation Cross-cultural differences in two-factor motivation theory

I selected the last three for the abstract.

Memory

Citation

The influence of memory on perception: It’s not what things look like, it’s what you call them. Mitterer, Holger; Horschig, Jörn M.; Müsseler, Jochen; Majid, Asifa Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Vol 35(6), Nov 2009, 1557-1562.

Abstract

1. World knowledge influences how we perceive the world. This study shows that this influence is at least partly mediated by declarative memory. Dutch and German participants categorized hues from a yellow-to-orange continuum on stimuli that were prototypically orange or yellow and that were also associated with these color labels. Both groups gave more “yellow” responses if an ambiguous hue occurred on a prototypically yellow stimulus. The language groups were also tested on a stimulus (traffic light) that is associated with the label orange in Dutch and with the label yellow in German, even though the objective color is the same for both populations. Dutch observers categorized this stimulus as orange more often than German observers, in line with the assumption that declarative knowledge mediates the influence of world knowledge on color categorization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]The cognitive processes underlying event-based prospective memory in school-age children and young adults: A formal model-based study. Smith, Rebekah E.; Bayen, Ute J.; Martin, Claudia Developmental Psychology. Vol 46(1), Jan 2010, 230-244.

Abstract

1. Fifty children 7 years of age (29 girls, 21 boys), 53 children 10 years of age (29 girls, 24 boys), and 36 young adults (19 women, 17 men) performed a computerized event-based prospective memory task. All 3 groups differed significantly in prospective memory performance, with adults showing the best performance and with 7-year-olds showing the poorest performance. We used a formal multinomial process tree model of

event-based prospective memory to decompose age differences in cognitive processes that jointly contribute to prospective memory performance. The formal modeling results demonstrate that adults differed significantly from the 7-year-olds and the 10-year-olds on both the prospective component and the retrospective component of the task. The 7-year-olds and the 10-year-olds differed only in the ability to recognize prospective memory target events. The prospective memory task imposed a cost to ongoing activities in all 3 age groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Exploring developmental differences in visual short-term memory and working memory. Ang, Su Yin; Lee, Kerry Developmental Psychology. Vol 46(1), Jan 2010, 279-285.

Abstract

1. Although visuospatial short-term memory tasks have been found to engage more executive resources than do their phonological counterparts, it remains unclear whether this is due to intrinsic differences between the tasks or differences in participants’ experience with them. The authors found 11-year-olds’ performances on both visual short-term and working memory tasks to be more greatly impaired by an executive suppression task (random number generation) than were those of 8-year-olds. Similar findings with adults (e.g., Kane & Engle, 2000) suggest that the imposition of a suppression task may have overloaded the older children’s executive resources, which would otherwise be used for deploying strategies for performing the primary tasks. Conversely, the younger children, who probably never had the capacity or know-how to engage these facilitative strategies in the first place, performed more poorly in the single task condition but were less affected in the dual task condition. These findings suggest that differences in the children’s ability to deploy task-relevant strategy are likely to account for at least part of the executive resource requirements of visual memory tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES

ConclusionDuring the research of related article I found a amazing article that was about chewing gum improves memory. In addition I found the articles related to memory loss, how to improve memory , Factors affecting memory, good memory for good learning, memory stages , different rat’s memory test , effect of sleep on memory so on. Following are the some articles which I found in psychological journal:

An early and a late developing system for learning and retention in infant monkeys.

Spatial memory for food hidden by rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the radial maze: Studies of memory for where, what, and when.

Chemotherapy causes brain shrinkage, study finds Do the contents of working memory capture attention? Yes, but cognitive

control matters. Happiness and memory : Affective significance of endowment and

contrast. Adults' memories of childhood: True and false reports Exploring developmental differences in visual short-term memory and

working memory. The influence of memory on perception: It’s not what things look

like, it’s what you call them The cognitive processes underlying event-based prospective memory in

school-age children and young adults: A formal model-based study

I selected the last three for the abstract.

ThinkingCitation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]The role of creative thinking in resilience after hurricane Katrina. Metzl, Einat S. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Vol 3(2), May 2009, 112-123.

Abstract

1. This study hypothesized that creative thinking can help predict the process of resilience, manifested as subjective well-being despite exposure to adversity, either directly or with moderation of personality and demographic variables. Eighty survivors of hurricane Katrina who have lost their homes were asked to respond to measures of creative thinking, perception of adversity, well-being, a short personality inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Supplementary qualitative exploration of 17 participants’ experiences augmented understanding within contextual framework. Findings suggest that originality and flexibility are significant predictors of well-being when personality traits and demographic variables are taken into account. Specifically, originality was found to be a significant predictor for extroversion, which was a significant predictor of life satisfaction measure. In addition, flexibility and originality were significant predictors of clinical stress and life satisfaction for the African American participants but not for the European American participants; originality and flexibility were also significant predictors of resilience for participants reporting greater income disparity. Triangulation of interviews with these findings further supports the notion that manifestations of creative thinking as resilience are likely moderated by SES, culture and social structure, and might be masked under condition of social privilege and prevalence of resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

From what might have been to what must have been: Counterfactual thinking creates meaning. Kray, Laura J.; George, Linda G.; Liljenquist, Katie A.; Galinsky, Adam D.; Tetlock, Philip E.; Roese, Neal J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol 98(1), Jan 2010, 106-118.

Abstract

Four experiments explored whether 2 uniquely human characteristics—counterfactual thinking (imagining alternatives to the past) and the fundamental drive to create meaning in life—are causally related. Rather than implying a random quality to life, the authors hypothesized and found that counterfactual thinking heightens the meaningfulness of key life experiences. Reflecting on alternative pathways to pivotal turning points even produced greater meaning than directly reflecting on the meaning of the event itself. Fate perceptions (“it was meant to be”) and benefit-finding (recognition of positive consequences) were identified as independent causal links between counterfactual thinking and the construction of meaning. Through counterfactual reflection, the upsides to reality are identified, a belief in fate emerges, and ultimately more meaning is derived from important life events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Review-Book]Reviews of Children's Logical and Mathematical Thinking and Verbal Processes in Children. Bullock, Merry Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne. Vol 25(3), Jul 1984, 243-246.

Abstract

1. Reviews the books, Children's Logical and Mathematical Thinking, edited by Charles Brainerd (1982); and Verbal Processes in Children, edited by Charles Brainerd and Michael Pressley (1982). These first two issues of the new Springer-Verlag series can be discussed from two perspectives. Children's Logical and Mathematical Thinking contains topics traditionally studied under the rubric of quantity concepts--conservation and number. Two chapters add a look at children's and adolescents' ideas about chance and probability, and an illustration of how training involving quantity and class-inclusion concepts may be used to test a formalized model of concept acquisition. In the second volume, Verbal Processes In Children, the thematic orientation seems more stretched than in the first volume. The editors try to integrate research topics "which have historically been islands unto themselves, but which can meaningfully be considered part of a more encompassing discipline concerned with how children process verbal information." If one views the volume as a whole, the theme seems more post hoc than organizational. There are eight chapters, the range of topics is large, and the connecting links are not apparent. Two chapters are on reading processes. The other six cover referential communication, bilingualism, story analyses of moral dilemmas,

memory strategy, instruction research, semantic development, and causal language. As "flagships" for a series on progress in cognitive development, these two volumes provide a range of topics, but fall short of their goal of integrating different lines of investigation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

ConclusionIn the research of related context I found most common articles about positive thinking, creative thinking, lateral thinking, critical thinking. Except that I found the articles that were “use of thinking for problem solving” in which multiple styles of problem solving were described.During the research I found the article of new thinking style that is ‘Use of Six Hats’. We can use Six Thinking Hats in meetings or on our own. In meetings it has the benefit of defusing the disagreements that can happen when people with different thinking styles discuss the same problem. similar approach is to look at problems from the point of view of different professionals (e.g. doctors, architects, sales directors) or different customers

White Hat: With this thinking hat, you focus on the data available

Red Hat: Wearing the red hat, you look at the decision using intuition, gut reaction, and emotion.

Black Hat: When using black hat thinking, look at things pessimistically, cautiously and defensively.

Yellow Hat: The yellow hat helps you to think positively.

Green Hat: The Green Hat stands for creativity.

Blue Hat: The Blue Hat stands for process control.

More articles are as following

Overcoming Nonstop Thinking and Mind Restlessness

Advancing disciplinary practice through critical thinking : A rejoinder to Bensley.

How power influences moral thinking

Age-group differences in medial cortex activity associated with thinking about self-relevant agendas.

The role of creative thinking in resilience after hurricane Katrina. Thinking critically about critical thinking approaches: Comment on

Yancher, Slife, Citation The role of creative thinking in resilience after hurricane Katrina. From what might have been to what must have been: Counterfactual

thinking creates meaning. Children's Logical and Mathematical Thinking and Verbal Processes in

Children.

I selected the last three for the abstract.

Learning

Citation

Tests enhance the transfer of learning. Rohrer, Doug; Taylor, Kelli; Sholar, Brandon Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Vol 36(1), Jan 2010, 233-239.

Abstract

1. Numerous learning studies have shown that if the period of time devoted to studying information (e.g., casa-house) includes at least 1 test (casa-?), performance on a final test is improved—a finding known as the testing effect. In most of these studies, however, the final test is identical to the initial test. If the final test requires a novel demonstration of learning (i.e., transfer), prior studies suggest that a greater degree of transfer reduces the size of the testing effect. The authors tested this conjecture. In 2 experiments, 4th- or 5th-grade students learned to assign regions or cities to map locations and returned 1 day later for 2 kinds of final tests. One final test required exactly the same task seen during the learning session, and the other final test consisted of novel, more challenging questions. In both experiments, testing effects were found for both kinds of final tests, and the testing effect was no smaller, and actually slightly larger, for the final test requiring transfer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Context, learning, and extinction. Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M.; Niv, Yael Psychological Review. Vol 117(1), Jan 2010, 197-209.

Abstract

1. A. Redish et al. (2007) proposed a reinforcement learning model of context-dependent learning and extinction in conditioning experiments, using the idea of “state classification” to categorize new observations into states. In the current article, the authors propose an interpretation of this idea in terms of normative statistical inference. They focus on renewal and latent inhibition, 2 conditioning paradigms in which contextual manipulations have been studied extensively, and show that online Bayesian inference within a model that assumes an unbounded number of

latent causes can characterize a diverse set of behavioral results from such manipulations, some of which pose problems for the model of Redish et al. Moreover, in both paradigms, context dependence is absent in younger animals, or if hippocampal lesions are made prior to training. The authors suggest an explanation in terms of a restricted capacity to infer new causes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Individual differences and reliability of paired associates learning in younger and older adults. Rast, Philippe; Zimprich, Daniel Psychology and Aging. Vol 24(4), Dec 2009, 1001-1006.

Abstract

1. The authors modeled individual nonlinear trajectories of learning using structured latent growth curves based on an exponential function with 3 parameters: initial performance, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. The 3 parameters showed reliable individual differences and the between-parameter correlations indicated that participants with high learning rates recalled more items initially. The asymptotic performance was unrelated to the learning rate and the initial performance. In addition, age and speed of information processing were included in the analyses. Age mainly affected negatively the asymptotic and the initial performance whereas speed of information processing affected the learning rate positively. Reliability estimates based on 2 similar learning conditions were moderate overall. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

ConclusionThrough the research of learning I just found the different ways of learning and the factors that affect learning and some popular theories of learning. Following are some articles which I found through the research of learning:

The effect of the temporal structure of spoken words on paired-associate learning .

Context, learning , and extinction. Tests enhance the transfer of learning . Learning from feedback: Spacing and the delay–retention effect. Learning the rules: Observation and imitation of a sorting strategy by 36-

month-old children. Learning effects in the block design task: A stimulus parameter-based

approach. Practice enables successful learning under minimal guidance. A stability bias in human memory: Overestimating remembering and

underestimating learning . Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders. Word learning in children with autism spectrum disorders. Tests enhance the transfer of learning. Context, learning, and extinction Individual differences and reliability of paired associates learning in

younger and older adults.

I selected the last three for the abstract.

Stress And Healthy Life Style

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Personality, stressful life events, and treatment response in major depressionBulmash, Eric; Harkness, Kate L.; Stewart, Jeremy G.; Bagby, R. Michael Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Vol 77(6), Dec 2009, 1067-1077.

Abstract

1. The current study examined whether the personality traits of self-criticism or dependency moderated the effect of stressful life events on treatment response. Depressed outpatients (N = 113) were randomized to 16 weeks of cognitive–behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, or antidepressant medication (ADM). Stressful life events were assessed with the Bedford College Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Severe events reported during or immediately prior to treatment predicted poor response in the ADM condition but not in the psychotherapy conditions. In contrast, nonsevere life events experienced prior to onset predicted superior response to treatment. Further, self-criticism moderated the relation of severe life events to outcome across conditions, such that in the presence of severe stress those high in self-criticism were less likely to respond to treatment than were those low in self-criticism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Intraindividual change and variability in daily stress processes: Findings from two measurement-burst diary studies. Sliwinski, Martin J.; Almeida, David M.; Smyth, Joshua; Stawski, Robert S. Psychology and Aging. Vol 24(4), Dec 2009, 828-840.

Abstract

1. There is little longitudinal information on aging-related changes in emotional responses to negative events. In the present article, we examined intraindividual change and variability in the within-person coupling of daily stress and negative affect using data from 2 measurement-burst daily diary studies. Three main findings emerged. First, average reactivity to daily stress increased longitudinally, and this increase was evident across most of the adult lifespan. Second, individual

differences in emotional reactivity to daily stress exhibited long-term temporal stability, but this stability was greatest in midlife and decreased in old age. Third, reactivity to daily stress varied reliably within-persons (across-time), with individuals exhibiting higher levels of reactivity during times when reporting high levels of global subject stress in the previous month. Taken together, the present results emphasize the importance of modeling dynamic psychosocial and aging processes that operate across different time scales for understanding age-related changes in daily stress processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Psychological impact of an economic crisis: A Conservation of Resources approach. Ünal-Karagüven, M. Hülya International Journal of Stress Management. Vol 16(3), Aug 2009, 177-194.

Abstract

1. This study examined the psychological effects of an economic crisis based on Conservation of Resources (COR) stress theory. It investigated how the loss of economic resources had a psychological influence on well-being and identified which of 3 variables (the loss of economic resources, demographic characteristics, or coping strategies) had the greatest psychological influence. Psychological well-being was assessed via levels of anxiety and anger. The study provided clear support for COR theory. The loss of economic resources had a strong and mostly positive relationship to anxiety and anger. The coping strategies were the most important of several predictors. Similar studies were proposed to increase confidence in generalizing to other populations and to identify the causal links between loss of economic resources, coping, and psychological well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

ConclusionIn my research I found different causes of stress and mechanism to coop with stress.through the articles I found that after natural calamities and other sources of stress, TV News channels who talk about bad news and competition programs causes the relatively large sources of stress. And this stress affects badly our mental and physical health. In addition I found the following articles

Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after television programmes

Window View Beats TV for Stress Beware! Stress Could Cause Serious Long-Term Effects

Effects of adult age and level of skill on the ability to cope with high- stress conditions in a precision sport.

Effects of adult age and level of skill on the ability to cope with high- stress conditions in a precision sport.

Serial learning and conditioning under real-life stress .

From poor performance to success under stress : Working memory, strategy selection, and mathematical problem solving under pressure.

Recall of interrupted tasks under stress : A phenomenon of memory or of learning ?

Effects of stress on complex learning and performance. Anxiety and stress in learning : the role of intraserial duplication. The impact of stress on mothers' memory of a natural disasters Personality, stressful life events, and treatment response in major

depression Intraindividual change and variability in daily stress processes: Findings

from two measurement-burst diary studies Psychological impact of an economic crisis: A Conservation of Resources

approach.

I selected the last three for the abstract.

Psychopathology & Psychotherapy

Citation

The search for a unified metatheory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy: Grand or grand illusion? A book review essay. Allen, David M. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. Vol 17(3), Sep 2007, 274-286.

Abstract

1. Three recent books (Magnavita, 2005; Scaturo, 2005; Mahoney, 2003) directly or indirectly suggest ideas for what form a unified metatheory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy might take. Useful and compatible with one another, all of these models contain three elements common to such metatheories: the concepts of a complex system of interacting levels, active agency, and dynamic tension between stability versus change and individuation versus attachment. I discuss the question of whether the search for unifying metatheories will interfere with the consideration of diverse ideas within the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration (SEPI). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]The search for a unified metatheory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy: Grand or grand illusion? A book review essay. Allen, David M. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. Vol 17(3), Sep 2007, 274-286.

Abstract

1. Three recent books (Magnavita, 2005; Scaturo, 2005; Mahoney, 2003) directly or indirectly suggest ideas for what form a unified metatheory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy might take. Useful and compatible with one another, all of these models contain three elements common to such metatheories: the concepts of a complex system of interacting levels, active agency, and dynamic tension between stability versus change and individuation versus attachment. I discuss the question of whether the search for unifying metatheories will interfere with the

consideration of diverse ideas within the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration (SEPI). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Review-Book]Review of Childhood mental health disorders: Evidence base and contextual factors for psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and combined interventions. Pyle, Nathan; Jordan, Jason; Saklofske, Donald H. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne. Vol 50(1), Feb 2009, 49-50.

Abstract

1. Reviews the book, Childhood mental health disorders: Evidence base and contextual factors for psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and combined interventions by Ronald T. Brown, David O. Antonuccio, George J. Dupaul, Mary A. Fristad, Cheryl A. King, Laurel K. Leslie, Gabriele S. McCormick, William E. Pelham Jr., John C. Piacentini, and Benedetto Vitiello (see record 2007-15067-000). This volume stands as a significant contribution to the current state of affairs in child and adolescent mental health. Unassuming in size (a total of 207 pages including references and author and subject indexes), this compilation is not only of value to researchers and clinicians within the professions of psychology and psychiatry but holds significance across other professions (e.g., social work, occupational therapy, nursing) that serve and support the mental health care of children. This book consists of 13 chapters, of which 11 address common child and adolescent mental health disorders. The authors offer readers a concise summary of the status of support for psychosocial, pharmacological, and combined interventions balanced in the context of safety and potential harm. Recommendations are offered on the most appropriate first-line treatment for a particular disorder (which predominantly favours psychosocial interventions over psychoactive medications). This is a book that will be a significant resource for those seeking evidence-based guideposts to intervention with children, adolescents, and their families. It is a timely, accessible, well-organised text, giving fair consideration to pharmaceutical, psychosocial, and combined interventions. As the authors allude, this compilation represents a "snapshot in time" but sets forth a strong foundation for practise and an agenda to further clinical and research attention to children's mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA,

Conclusion Trauma and dismissing (avoidant) attachment: Intervention strategies in

individual psychotherapy . Factor structure of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth version in

German female and male detainees and community adolescents Review of Childhood mental health disorders: Evidence base and

contextual factors for psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and

combined interventions. Treatment of complicated grief: A comparison between cognitive-

behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. Assessment and psychological management of recurrent headache

disorders.s Review of The therapy of the neuroses and psychoses, a socio-psycho-

biological analysis and resynthesis

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Editorial]New directions in industrial-organizational psychology. Budworth, Marie-Hélène; Latham, Gary P. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. Vol 41(4), Oct 2009, 193-194.

Abstract

1. This article introduces our motivation for producing a special section on new areas of research for I-O psychology. We briefly review presentations that sparked conversations around how I-O psychology could be applied to new contexts or related disciplines. We then introduce the articles that appear in this special section. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Cascio, Wayne F.; Aguinis, Herman Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol 93(5), Sep 2008, 1062-1081.

Abstract

1. The authors conducted a content analysis of all articles published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology from January 1963 to May 2007 (N = 5,780) to identify the relative attention devoted to each of 15 broad topical areas and 50 more specific subareas in the field of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Results revealed that (a) some areas have become more (or less) popular over time, whereas others have not changed much, and (b) there are some lagged relationships between important societal issues that involve people and work settings (i.e., human-capital trends) and I-O psychology research that addresses them. Also, much I-O psychology research does not address human-capital trends. Extrapolating results from the past 45

years to the next decade suggests that the field of I-O psychology is not likely to become more visible or more relevant to society at large or to achieve the lofty goals it has set for itself unless researchers, practitioners, universities, and professional organizations implement significant changes. In the aggregate, the changes address the broad challenge of how to narrow the academic-practitioner divide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

Citation

Database: PsycARTICLES[Journal Article]Industrial/organizational psychology as applied to human resources management. Norton, Steven D.; Gustafson, David P. Professional Psychology. Vol 13(6), Dec 1982, 904-917.

Abstract

1. Argues that the issue of increasing productivity in the use of human resources while providing equality of opportunity to minorities and women will be a major concern of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists in the 1980's. A primary short-term goal of I/O psychology must be to change The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, which are inconsistent with current research knowledge and professional practice. I/O psychology will increase its use of cognitive ability tests and job simulations for selection and promotion. However, this renewed interest in cognitive ability tests may also force the use of quotas or different cutoffs until the differences between groups on cognitive ability tests decline or disappear. It is hoped that organizations will make long-range personnel decisions that will have a significant impact on I/O psychology in performance appraisal and career management areas. (50 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)

2.

Introduction: What's What in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Master's level training in industrial/organizational psychology : A case

study of the perceived relevance of graduate training.

Past and future of industrial/organizational psychology .

Anxiety and depression are associated with unhealthy lifestyle in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Adherence to lifestyle recommendations for prevention of cardiovascular disease

remains a critical issue. We examined the association of anxiety and depression with

healthy behaviors in a large population of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease.

1. We studied 1612 consecutive subjects referred for evaluation of cardiovascular

risk factors. Separated scores reflecting unhealthy behaviors (physical inactivity,

smoking and poor diet) were combined to produce a global unhealthy lifestyle

score. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) was used to assess both

anxiety and depression.

2. Both anxiety and depression were significantly associated with physical inactivity

in both sexes and with an unhealthy diet in men but not in women. Anxiety and

depression were both significantly correlated to smoking habits in men whereas

only depression was related to smoking in women. In both sexes, the global score

reflecting unhealthy lifestyles was positively associated with the degree of anxiety

and depression. In multivariate analysis, both anxiety and depression appeared as

independent determinant of unhealthy lifestyle in both sexes, with a stronger

influence for depression.

3. Depression and to a lesser extent anxiety are associated with a cluster of

unhealthy behaviors in subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease, suggesting the

difficulty of modifying lifestyle in patients with anxious-depressive disorders.

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713950184&db=allhttp://www.jstore.orghttp://www.sciencedirect.comhttp://www.atherosclerosis-journal.comhttp://psycnet.apa.org/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/http://sppsp.highwire.org