G. W. GokelProfessional Publications

Articles and Patents1. Gokel, G. W.; Hoffmann, P.; Klusacek, H.; Marquarding, D.; Ruch, E.; Ugi, I.;

“The Stereochemistry of the alpha-Ferrocenylethyl Carbonium Ion,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 64-65.

2. Marquarding, D.; Klusacek, H.; Gokel, G. W.; Hoffmann, P.; Ugi, I.; “Stereorelating Syntheses of Planar Chiroids,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 371-372.

3. Gokel, G. W.; Hoffmann, P.; Kleimann, K.; Klusacek, H.; Marquarding, D.; Ugi, I.; “Remarks on the Asymmetric Lithiation of S-1-Ferrocenylmethyl-2-methylpiperidine and Related Subjects,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1970, 1771-1774.

4. Marquarding, D.; Klusacek, H.; Gokel, G. W.; Hoffmann, P.; Ugi, I.; “Correlation of Central and Planar Elements of Chirality in Ferrocene Derivatives,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 5389-5393.

5. Ugi, I.; Marquarding, D.; Klusacek, H.; Gokel, G. W.; Gillespie, P.; “Chemistry and Logical Structures,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 703-730.

6. Alworth, W. L.; Baker, H. N.; Winkler, M. F.; Keenan, A. M.; Gokel, G. W.; Wood, F. L.; “Biosynthesis of the 4,5-Dimethyl-1,2-phenylene Moiety of Vitamin B-12,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1970, 40, 1026-1031.

7. Gokel, G. W.; Ugi, I. K.; “The Retentive Nucleophilic Substitutions of R-alpha-Ferrocenylethyl Acetate,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1971, 10, 191.

8. Gokel, G. W.; Ugi, I. K.; “Preparation and Resolution of N,N-Dimethyl-1-ferrocenylethylamine,” J. Chem. Educ., 1972, 49, 294-296.

9. Battelle, L. F.; Bau, R.; Gokel, G. W.; Oyakawa, R. T.; Ugi, I. K.; “The Absolute Configuration of a 1,2-Disubstituted Ferrocene Derivative with Two Different Chiral Substituents,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 138-140.

10. Gokel, G. W.; Marquarding, D.; Ugi, I. K.; “The Retentive Nucleophilic Displacements of alpha-Substituted Alkylferrocenes,” J. Org. Chem., 1972, 37, 3052-3058.

11. Weber, W. P.; Gokel, G. W.; “An Improved Procedure for the Hofmann Carbylamine Synthesis of Isonitriles.” Tetrahedron Letters, 1972, 1637-1640.

12. Weber, W. P.; Gokel, G. W.; Ugi, I K.; “Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Hofmann Carbylamine Reaction,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 530-531.

13. Battelle, L. F.; Bau, R.; Gokel, G. W.; Oyakawa, R. T.; Ugi, I. K.; “The Absolute Configuration of a 1,2-Disubstituted Ferrocene Derivative with Planar and Central Elements of Chirality and the Mechanism of the Stereoselective Metallations of Optically Active alpha-Ferrocenyl Tertiary Amines,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 482-486.

14. Gokel, G. W.; Shepherd, J. P.; Weber, W. P.; Boettger, H. G.; Holwick, J.; McAdoo, D.; “The Synthesis and Mass Spectral Properties of Representative 1,1-Dichloro-2-phenylcyclopropanes and 1,1-Dichloro-2-ferrocenylcyclopropanes,”

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J. Org. Chem., 1973, 38, 1913-1918.15. Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; “Molecular Complexation of Arenediazonium and

Benzoyl Cations by Crown Ethers,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1973, 481-482.16. Valkovich, P. B.; Gokel, G. W.; Ugi, I. K.; “Asymmetric Induction, Time and

Solvent Dependence in the Metallation of Ferrocenylalkyl Ethers,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1973, 2947-2950.

17. Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; Liotta, C. L.; Harris, H. P.; Cook, F. L.; “Preparation and Purification of 18-Crown-6,” J. Org. Chem., 1974, 39, 2445-2446.

18. Newcomb, M.; Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; “The Pyridyl Unit in Host Compounds,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 6810-6811.

19. Timko, J. M.; Helgeson, R. C.; Newcomb, M.; Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; “Structural Parameters that Control Association Constants Between Polyether Host and Alkylammonium Guest Compounds,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 7097-7099.

20. Gokel, G. W.; Timko, J. M.; Cram, D. J.; “Chiral Recognition in Amino-Ester Complexation by a Cyclic Polyether Host Compound,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1975, 394-396.

21. Gokel, G. W.; Timko, J. M.; Cram, D. J.; “Effects of Structural Changes on Chiral Selectivity on Molecular Complexation,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1975, 444-446.

22. Ugi, I.; Arora, A.; Burghard, H.; Eberle, G.; Eckert, H.; George, G.; Gokel, G.; Herlinger, H.; von Hinrichs, E.; et al. “Four component condensations (4 CC), a potential alternative to conventional peptide synthesis. Solution of the stereoselectivity and auxiliary group removal problems.” Editor(s): Wolman, Y. Proc. Eur. Pept. Symp., 13th (1975), Meeting date 1974, 71-92.

23. Cram, D. J.; Helgeson, R. C.; Sousa, L. R.; Timko, J. M.; Newcomb, M.; Moreau, P.; De Jong, F.; Gokel, G. W.; Hoffman, D. H.; et al., “Chiral Recognition in Complexation of Guests by Designed Host Molecules,” Pure Appl. Chem., 1975, 43, 327-349.

24. Cram, D. J.; Helgeson, R. C.; Sousa, L. R.; Timko, J. M.; Newcomb, M.; Moreau, P.; De Jong, F.; Gokel, G. W.; Hoffman, D.; Henry, M.; et al. “Chiral conformity during complexing in heterocyclic structures,” Uspekhi Khimii Geterotsiklov, 1976, 287-306 [from: Zh., Khim. 1977, Chemical Abstracts, 87:83925].

25. Gokel, G. W.; Widera, R. P.; Weber, W. P.; “Isonitriles by the Phase Transfer Hofmann Carbylamine Reactions: t-Butyl Isocyanide,” Organic Syntheses 1975, 55, 96-99.

26. Gokel, G. W.; Durst, H. D.; “Crown Ether Chemistry: Principles and Applications,” Aldrichimica Acta, 1976, 9, 3-12.

27. Gokel, G. W.; Durst, H. D.; “Principles and Synthetic Applications in Crown Ether Chemistry,” Synthesis, 1976, 168-184.

28. Gokel, G. W.; Gerdes, H. M.; Rebert, N. W.; “Crown Complex and Ammonium Ion Effects in the Cannizzaro Reactions,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1976, 653-656.

29. Gokel, G. W.; DiBiase, S. A.; Lipisko, A. B.; “Direct Synthesis of alpha,beta-

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Unsaturated Nitriles from Acetonitrile,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1976, 3495-3496.30. Gokel, G. W.; Garcia, B. J.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. III. Chemistry and

Complexes of Monoaza-18-Crown-6,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 317-320.31. Kyba, E. P.; Helgeson, R. C.; Madan, K.; Gokel, G. W.; Tarnowski, T. L.; Moore, S.

S.; Cram, D. J.; “Host-Guest Complexation. I. Concept and Illustration,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 2564-2571.

32. Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; Liotta, C. L.; Harris, H. P.; Cook, F. L.; “18-Crown-6,” Organic Syntheses, 1977, 57, 30-33.

33. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Blum, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Reduction of Aryldiazonium Compounds in Nonpolar Media,” J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 1469-1470.

34. Gokel, G. W.; Korzeniowski, S. H.; Blum, L.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. IV. Crown Ether and Quaternary Ion Mediated Displacements in Aryldiazonium Compounds,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 1633-1636.

35. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. V. Reactions of Aryldiazonium Ions in Nonpolar Media,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 1637-1640.

36. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Blum, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. VI. A Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 1871-1874.

37. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Petcavich, R. J.; Coleman, M. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. VII. Spectral Studies of Aryldiazonium Ions in Nonpolar Solutions,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 2647-2650.

38. DiBiase, S. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Convenient Synthesis of Aliphatic alpha,beta-Unsaturated Nitriles from Acetonitrile,” Synthesis, 1977, 629-632.

39. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Petcavich, R. J.; Coleman, M. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. IX. A Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis of Bromo- and Iodoarenes,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1977, 3519-3522.

40. Kyba, E. P.; Gokel, G. W.; de Jong, F.; Koga, K.; Sousa, L. R.; Siegel, M. G.; Kaplan, L.; Sogah, G. D. Y.; Cram, D. J.; “Host-Guest Complexation. VII. The Dibinaphthyl Structural Unit in Host Compounds,” J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 4173-4184.

41. DiBiase, S. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. VIII. Reactions of Crown Ether Activated t-Butoxide Ion,” J. Org. Chem., 1978, 43, 447-452.

42. Kyba, E. P.; Timko, J. M.; Kaplan, L. J.; de Jong, F.; Gokel, G. W.; Cram, D. J.; “Host-Guest Complexation. XI. Survey of Chiral Recognition of Amine and Amino Ester Salts by Dilocular Bisdinaphthyl Hosts.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 4555-4568.

43. Helgeson, R. C.; Koga, K.; Kyba, E. P.; Madan, K.; Sousa, L. R.; Siegel, M. G.; Moreau, P.; Gokel, G. W.; Timko, J. M.; Sogah, G. D. Y.; Cram, D. J.; “Host-Guest Complexation. IX. Macrocyclic Polyethers and Sulfides Shaped by One Rigid Dibinaphthyl Unit and Attached Arms-Synthesis and Survey of Complexing Abilities,” J. Org.Chem., 1978, 43, 2758-2772.

44. Gokel, G. W.; Weber, W. P.; “Phase Transfer Catalysis. Part I. General Principles,” J. Chem. Educ., 1978, 55, 350-354.

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45. Weber, W. P.; Gokel, G. W.; “Phase Transfer Catalysis. Part II. Synthetic Applications,” J. Chem. Educ., 1978, 55, 429-433.

46. Gokel, G. W.; Garcia, B. J.; “Tetramethylethylenediamine as a Phase Transfer Catalyst: A Reexamination,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1978, 1743-1746.

47. Durst, H. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Classification Test for Aldehydes Utilizing 4-Amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and Phase Transfer Catalysis,” J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 1743-1746.

48. Kostelc, J. G.; Garcia, B. J.; Gokel, G. W.; Hendry, L. B.; “Macrocyclic Polyethers as Probes into the Pheromone Receptor Mechanism of a Sciarid Fly, Lycoriella Mali Fitch,” J. Chem. Ecol., 1979, 5, 179-185.

49. Martz, J. T.; Gokel, G. W.; Olofson, R. A.; “Mechanism of the ‘Michael Addition’ of Nucleophiles to Enol Esters,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 1473-1476.

50. Sheppard, W. A.; Gokel, G. W.; Webster, O. W.; Betterton, K.; Timberlake, J. W.; “Thermolysis of Diazodicyanoimidazole: Products and Rates, The Effect of 18-Crown-6,” J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 1717-1719.

51. Gokel, G. W.; Gerdes, H.M.; Miles, D.E.; Hufnal, J.M.; Zerby, G.A.; “Sulfur heterocycles. I. Use of 4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-oxathiolane-3,3-dioxide as a Carbonyl Anion Equivalent,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 3375-3378.

52. Gerdes, H. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Sulfur Heterocycles. II. The Hydroxyoxathiolane to Acyloin Rearrangement,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 3379-3382.

53. DiBiase, S. A.; Lipisko, B. A.; Haag, A.; Wolak, R. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Direct Synthesis of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Nitriles from Acetonitrile and Carbonyl Compounds: Survey, Crown Effects, and Experimental Conditions,” J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 4640-4649.

54. Ahern, M. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Ether Catalyzed Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of Arenediazocyanides,” J. C. S. Chem. Commun. 1979, 1019-1020.

55. Garcia, B. J.; Leopold, A.; and Gokel, G. W.; “Tertiary Amine Oxides as Phase Transfer Catalysts for Substitution and Dicyclopropanation Reactions,” Tetrahedron Letters 1980, 2115-2118.

56. DiBiase, S. A.; Wolak Jr., R. P.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Cation Complex Effects. 10. Potassium tert-Butoxide Mediated Penultimate Oxidative Hydrolysis of Nitriles,” J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 3630-3633.

57. Gokel, G. W.; Gerdes, H. M.; Dishong, D. M.; “Sulfur Heterocycles. 3. Heterogeneous, Phase Transfer and Acid Catalyzed Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones and a Survey of their C-13 NMR Spectra,” J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 3634-3639.

58. Gokel, G. W.; Dishong, D. M.; Diamond, C. J.; “Lariat Ethers. Synthesis and Cation Binding Properties of Macrocyclic Polyethers Possessing Axially Disposed Secondary Donor Groups,” J. C. S. Chem. Commun., 1980, 1053-1054.

59. Rosenberg, D. E.; Beadle, J. R.; Korzeniowski, S. H.; Gokel, G. W.; “Conversion of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates into Unsymmetrical Biaryls Using Catalysts other than Polyethers,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1980, 4141-4144.

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60. Kolbeck, R. C.; Gokel, G. W.; Dishong, D. M.; Diamond, C. J.; Hendry, L. B.; Jarvis, B.; Speir, W. A.; Bransome, E. D. “Crown ethers as calcium ionophores,” Dev. Biochem. 1980, 14, 491-2.

61. Dishong, D. M.; Diamond, C. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers. 2. The Remarkable Solvent Dependence of Binding Constants in Macrocyclic Polyethers Bearing Secondary Donor Groups on Flexible Arms,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1981, 1663-1666.

62. Korzeniowski, S. H.; Leopold, A. H.; Beadle, J. R.; Ahern, M. F.; Sheppard, W. A.; Khanna, R. K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown-Cation Complex Effects. 12. Dissolution and Complexation of Arenediazonium Cations in Nonpolar Media. An Assessment of Solvent Effects and Reactivity by Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,” J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46, 2153-2159.

63. Schultz, R. A.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers. 3. Macrocyclic Polyethers Bearing Donor Groups on Flexible Arms Attached at a Nitrogen Pivot Point,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1981, 2623-2626.

64. Gokel, G. W.; “Some Notes on Phase Transfer Catalysis,” Chemalog Highlights 1981, 5, No. 1, pp 1-3.

65. Ahern, M. F.; Leopold, A.; Beadle, J. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Phase Transfer Synthesis of Arenediazocyanides and Synthesis of Arenediazosulfones from Arene-diazonium Cations and the Formation of Reduced Pyridazines by 2+4-Cycloaddition Reactions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 548-554.

66. Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Cation Complex Effects. 16. Solvent Dependence of the 15-Crown-5 and 18-Crown-6 Equilibria with Sodium Cation,” J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 147-148.

67. Schultz, R. A.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers. 4. Chain Length and Ring Size Effects in Macrocyclic Polyethers having Neutral Donor Groups on Flexible Arms,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 625-626.

68. Schultz, R. A.; Schlegel, E.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Effect of Chain Length and Heteroatom Position on Ammonium Ion Binding in Nitrogen-Containing Lariat Ethers,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1982, 242-243.

69. Nakatsuji, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Okahara, M.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Effect of Sidearm Heteroatoms and a Quaternary Methyl Group at the Pivot Position in Lariat Ethers,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1982, 1351-1352.

70. Gokel, G. W.; Dishong, D. M.; Schultz, R. A.; Gatto, V. J.; “Syntheses of Aliphatic Azacrown Compounds,” Synthesis, 1982, 997-1012.

71. Kaifer, A.; Durst, H. D.; Echegoyen, L.; Dishong, D. M.; Schultz, R. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “Dynamics of Sodium Cation Complexation by Carbon- and Nitrogen-Pivot Lariat Ethers,” J. Org. Chem., 1982, 47, 3195-3197.

72. Durst, H. D.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A.; “C-13 NMR Relaxation Studies of Alkali Metal Cryptate Complexes,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1982, 4449-4452.

73. Goli, D. M.; Dishong, D. M.; Diamond, C. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers. VI. Evidence for Intramolecular Chelation in Sodium and Potassium Cation Binding by 15-Crown-5, Carbon-Pivot Lariat Ethers,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1982, 5243-5246.

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74. Dishong, D. M.; Diamond, C. J.; Cinoman, M. I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Cation Complex Effects. 20. Syntheses and Cation Binding Properties of Carbon-Pivot Lariat Ethers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 586-593.

75. Minganti, C.; Gisin, B. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Chloride Anion Interference in the Spectrophotometric Determination of Arsenazo III,” Analytical Chemistry, 1983, 383-385.

76. Nakatsuji, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Okahara, M.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Enhancement of Cation Binding in Lariat Ethers Bearing a Methyl Group at the Quaternary, Pivot Carbon Atom,” J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1237-1242.

77. Beadle, J. R.; Khanna, R. K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Cation Complex Effects. 21. Spectral Evidence Bearing on the Interaction Between Arenediazonium Cations and 21-Crown-7 in Nonpolar Solutions,” J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1242-1246.

78. Gokel, G. W.; Goli, D. M.; Schultz, R. A.; “Binding Profiles for Oligoethylene Glycols and Oligoethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ethers and an Assessment of Their Abilities to Catalyze Phase Transfer Reactions,” J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2837-42.

79. Echegoyen, L.; Kaifer, A.; Durst, H. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Carbon-13 NMR Chemical Shifts and Relaxation Times as a Probe of Structural and Dynamic Properties in Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cryptate Complexes,” J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 688-690.

80. Kaifer, A.; Echegoyen, L.; Durst, H.; Schultz, R. A.; Dishong, D. M.; Goli, D.M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Dynamics of Lariat Ether Cation Complexation Assessed by C-13 NMR Relaxation Times,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 5100-5103.

81. Gokel, G. W.; Goli, D. M.; Minganti, C.; Echegoyen, L.; “Clarification of the Hole-Size Cation Diameter Relationship in Crown Ethers and a New Method for Determining Calcium Cation Homogeneous Equilibrium Binding Constants,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 6786-6788.

82. Fronczek, F. R.; Gatto, V. J.; Schultz, R. A.; Jungk, S. J.; Colucci, W. J.; Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Unequivocal Evidence for Sidearm Participation in Crystalline Lariat Ether Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6717-6718.

83. Beadle, J. R.; Korzeniowski, S. H.; Rosenberg, D. E.; Garcia-Slanga, B. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Phase Transfer Catalyzed Gomberg-Bachmann Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biarenes: A Survey of Catalysts and Substrates,” J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 1594-1603.

84. Kaifer, A.; Echegoyen, L.; Gustowski, D.; Goli, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Enhanced Sodium Cation Binding by Electrochemically-Reduced, Nitrobenzene-Substituted Lariat Ethers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7168-7169.

85. D. A. Gustowski, L. Echegoyen, D. M. Goli, A. Kaifer, R.A. Schultz, and G. W. Gokel, “Electrochemically-Switched Cation Binding in Nitrobenzene-Substituted, Nitrogen-Pivot Lariat Ethers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 1633-1635.

86. Gokel, G. W.; Ahern, M. F.; Beadle, J. R.; Blum, L.; Korzeniowski, S. H.; Leopold, A.; Rosenberg, D. E., “Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis to

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Arenediazonium Cation Chemistry,” Israel J. Chem., 1985, 26, 270-276. 87. Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Ethers and Related Species,” in S. P. Parker, Ed.,

Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 6th Edn., McGraw Hill Book Company, 1987, Vol. 4, 527-530.

88. Kaifer, A.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Evidence for Sidearm Involvement in Lariat Ether Complexes: A Lanthanide Shift Reagent Study,” J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3029-3032.

89. Jarvis, B. B.; Vrudhula, V. M.; Dishong, V. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis and Binding Studies of Crown Ethers Bearing Pharmacophoric Groups: Epoxy-Lariat Crown Ethers,” J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 2423-2427.

90. Beadle, J. R.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis and Properties of the First Intramolecular Arenediazonium Cation-Crown Ether Complex,” Tetrahedron Letters 1984, 1681-1684.

91. Gokel, G. W.; “Nitrogen-Containing Polyether Macrocycles with a Sidearm Containing Neutral Electron Donor Groups,” United States Patent Number 4,436,664, March 13, 1984.

92. Beadle, J. R.; Dishong, D. M.; Khanna, R. K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Syntheses and Properties of Arenediazonium and Anilinium Cation Lariat Ether Complexes: An ‘Ostrich Molecule’ Complex and Evidence for Intramolecular Sidearm-Macroring Interaction,” Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 3935-3944.

93. Gustowski, D. A.; Gatto, V. J.; Kaifer, A.; Echegoyen, L.; Godt, R. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “Cation Effects on the Cyclic Voltammograms of Azotoluene and the Potassium Cation Selectivity of the Electrochemically-Reduced Azocryptand 4,13-[3,3'-bis(Methylene)azobenzenediaza]-18-crown-6,” J. C. S. Chem. Commun. 1984, 923-925.

94. DiBiase, S. A.; Beadle, J. R.; Gokel, G. W.: “Synthesis of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Nitriles from Acetonitrile: Preparation of Cyclohexylideneacetonitrile and Cinnamonitrile,” Organic Syntheses 1984 Volume 62, pages 179-186

95. Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Ether Compositions with Sidearms Affording Enhanced Cation Binding,” United States Patent Number 4,474,963, October 2, 1984.

96. Morgan, C. R.; Gustowski, D. A.; Cleary, T. P.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Electrochemical Behavior of Nitroaromatic Podands: Contrast Between Lariat Ethers and their Open-Chained Analogs.” J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 5008-5010.

97. V. J. Gatto; G.W. Gokel; “Syntheses of Calcium-Selective, Substituted Diazacrown Ethers: a Novel, One-Step Formation of Bibracchial Lariat Ethers (BiBLES);” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 8240-8244.

98. Fronczek, F. R.; Gatto, V.J.; Minganti, C.; Schultz, R. A.; Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Ester Side-Arm Participation in a Crystalline Lariat Ether-Sodium Bromide Complex;” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 7244-7245.

99. Davidson, R. B.; Izatt, R. M.; Christensen, J. J.; Schultz, R. A.; Dishong, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Stability Constants, Enthalpies, and Entropies for Metal Ion-Lariat Crown Ether Interaction in Methanol Solution,” J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 5080-5084.

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100. White, B. D.; Dishong, D. M.; Minganti, C.; Arnold, K. A.; Goli, D. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Syntheses and Cation Binding Properties of 12-Membered Ring Lariat Ethers,” Tetrahedron Letters 1985, 151-154.

101. Kaifer, A.; Gustowski, D. A.; Echegoyen, L.; Gatto, V. J.; Schultz, R. A.; Cleary, T. P.; Morgan, C. R.; Rios, A. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Electrochemical Switching of Lariat Ethers. Survey of Cation Binding by Neutral and Reduced Forms of One- and Two-armed Carbon- and Nitrogen-pivot Lariat Ethers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1958-1965.

102. White, B. D.; Arnold, K. A.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Complexation by N-(3,6,9-Trioxadecyl)monoaza-12-crown-4 Lariat Ether: A “Calabash” Complex of a Potassium Cation by a Synthetic Macrocycle Containing a Total of Only Seven Donor Atoms,” Tetrahedron Letters 1985, 26, 4035-4038.

103. Gandour, R. D.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gatto, V. J.; Minganti, C.; Schultz, R. A.; White, B. D.; Arnold, K. A.; Mazzocchi, D.; Miller, S. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Solid-State Structural Chemistry of Lariat Ether and BiBLE Cation Complexes: Metal Ion Identity and Coordination Number Determine Cavity Size,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 4078-4088.

104. Gatto, V. J.; Arnold, K. A.; Viscariello, A. M.; Miller, S. R.; Morgan, C. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Syntheses and Binding Properties of Bibracchial Lariat Ethers (BiBLEs): Survey of Synthetic Methods and Cation Selectivities,” J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 5373-5384.

105. Schultz, R. A.; White, B. D.; Dishong, D. M.; Arnold, K. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “12-, 15-, and 18-Membered-ring, Nitrogen-Pivot Lariat Ethers: Syntheses, Properties, and Sodium and Ammonium Cation Binding Properties,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6659-6668.

106. Delgado, M.; Echegoyen, L.; Gatto, V. J.; Gustowski, D. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “Direct ESR Evidence for Sodium Selective, Intramolecular Ion Pairing in Redox-switched Nitrogen-pivot Lariat Ethers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4135-4138.

107. Echegoyen, L.; Gustowski, D. A.; Gatto, V. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Electrochemical Switching of Lariat Ethers. Enhanced Cation Binding by One- and Two-Electron Reduction of an Anthraquinone Sidearm,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1986, 220-223.

108. Gatto, V. J.; Arnold, K. A.; Viscariello, A.M.; Miller, S. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Novel Synthetic Access to 15- and 18-Membered Ring Diaza-Bibracchial Lariat Ethers (BiBLEs) and a Study of Sidearm-Macroring Cooperativity in Cation Binding,” Tetrahedron Letters, 1986, 327-330.

109. Gustowski, D.A.; Delgado, M.; Gatto, M.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Geometrical and Electronic Cooperativity in Cation-mediated Electrochemical Reductions of Anthraquinone-substituted Podands,” Tetrahedron Letters 1986, 3487-3490.

110. Gokel, G. W.; Gatto, V. J.; “Process for the Direct Preparation of N,N'-Disubstituted Derivatives of 4,13-Diaza-18-crown-6,” United States Patent

8

Number 4,597,903, July 1, 1986. 111. Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L. E.; “Reversible, Electrochemically-Switched Lariat

Ethers,” United States Patent 4,631,119, December 23, 1986.112. Echeverria, L.; Delgado, M.; Gatto, V. J.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Enhanced

Transport of Li+ Through an Organic Model Membrane by an Electrochemically-reduced Anthraquinone Podand,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6825-6826.

113. Arnold, K. A.; Gokel, G. W.; “Experimental Method for the Determination of Cation Binding Constants in Methanol,” J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 5015-5016.

114. Gustowski, D. A.; Delgado, M.; Gatto, V. J.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Electrochemical Switching in Anthraquinone-substituted Carbon-pivot Lariat Ethers and Podands: Chain Length Effects in Geometric and Electronic Cooperativity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7553-7560.

115. Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; Arnold, K. A.; Cleary, T. P.; Gustowski, D. A.; Hanlon, C.; Kaifer, A.; Kim, M.; Miller, S. R.; Minganti, C.; Ouchi, M.; Morgan, C. R.; Posey, I.; Schultz, R. A.; Takahashi, T.; Viscariello, A. M.; White, B.; Yoo, H.; “Cation Effects on Solvents, Ligands, and Nucleophiles: The Effect of Sidearms on Cation Binding by Macrocycles,” Adv. Chem. Ser. 1987, 215, 443-56.

116. Gokel, G. W.; Hernandez, J. C.; Viscariello, A. M.; Arnold, K. A.; Campana, K. A.; Echegoyen, L.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; Morgan, C. R.; Trafton, J. E.; Minganti, C.; Eiband, D.; Schultz, R. A.; Tamminen, M.; “Steroidal Lariat Ethers: A New Class of Macrocycles and the Crystal Structure of N-(Cholesteryloxycarbonyl)aza-15-crown-5,” J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2963-2968.

117. White, B. D.; Arnold, K. A.; Garrell, R. L.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Cation Binding Properties and Molecular Structure of the Crystalline Complex (Aza-12-crown-4)2 NaI,” J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 1128-1133.

118. Gustowski, D. A.; Gatto, V. J.; Mallen, J.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Direct Correlation of Cation Binding Strengths to Hammett Parameters in Substituted N-Benzylaza-15-crown-5 Lariat Ether and N,N'-Dibenzyl-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 BiBLE Derivatives,” J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 5172-5176.

119. Gokel, G. W., Arnold, K.; Cleary, T.; Friese, R.; Gatto, V. J.; Goli, D.; Hanlon, C.; Kim, M.; Miller, S.; Ouchi, M.; Posey, I.; Sandler, A.; Viscariello, A.; White, B.; Wolfe, J.; Yoo, H.; “Cation Binding Properties of Crown Ethers, Lariat Ethers, BiBLEs, and Polyethylene Glycols as Potential Phase Transfer Catalysts,” in C. M. Starks (Ed.), Phase Transfer Catalysis: New Chemistry, Catalysts, and Applications, A.C.S. Symposium Series, Volume 326, 1987, Chapter 4, pp. 24-37.

120. Arnold, K.A.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters in Lariat Ether Complexes using Ion-selective Electrodes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3713-3715.

121. Arnold, K. A.; Echegoyen, L.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; Gatto, V. J.; White, B. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Evidence for Cryptand-like Behavior in Bibracchial Lariat Ether (BiBLE) Complexes Obtained from X-Ray Crystallography and Solution Thermodynamic Studies,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3716-3721.

122. White, B.D.; Arnold, K.A.; Gokel, G. W.; “One- and Two-armed Lariat Ether

9

Peptide Derivatives: Syntheses and Cation Binding Properties,” Tetrahedron Letters 1987, 1749-1752.

123. White, B.D.; Fronczek, F.R.; Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Molecular Structure of 4,13-Diaza-18-crown-6 Derivatives having Glycyl-glycine Sidearms: Ligand and Complex Geometries,” Tetrahedron Letters 1987, 1753-1756.

124. Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; Kim, M. S.; Eyring, E. M.; Petrucci, S.; “Mechanism of Complexation of Sodium Cation by Nitrogen-pivot Lariat 15-Crown-5 Ethers in Methanol at 25 oC,” J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 3854-3862.

125. Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; Kim, M. S.; Eyring, E. M.; Petrucci, S.; “Influence of Solvent, Anion, and Presence of Nitrogen in the Ring Structure on the Mechanism of Complexation of Alkali Metal Cations with Crown Ethers,” Biophysical Chemistry 1987, 26, 225-233.

126. Kim, M.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Molecular Box, Based on Bibracchial Lariat Ethers having Adenine and Thymine Sidearms, that Self-Assembles in Water,” J. C. S. Chem. Commun. 1987, 1686-1688. [Melting point correction J. C. S. Chem. Commun. 1990, 948.]

127. Gokel, G. W.; Arnold, K. A.; Delgado, M.; Echeverria, L.; Gatto, V. J.; Gustowski, D. A.; Hernandez, J.; Kaifer, A.; Miller, S. R.; Echegoyen, L.; “Lariat Ethers: From Cation Complexation to Supramolecular Assemblies,” Pure Appl. Chem. 1988, 60, 461-465.

128. Delgado, M.; Gustowski, D. A.; Yoo, H. K.; Gatto, V. J.; Gokel, G. W., Echegoyen, L.; “Contrasting One- and Two-Cation Behavior in syn- and anti-Anthraquinone Bibracchial Podand (BiP) Mono- and Dianions Assessed by Cyclic Voltammetry and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 119-123.

129. Gokel, G. W.; Gatto, V. J.; “Process for the Direct Preparation of N,N'-Disubstituted Derivatives of 4,13-Diaza-18-crown-6,” United States Patent Number 4,687,844, August 18, 1987.

130. Miller, S. R.; Gustowski, D. A.; Chen, Z.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; Kaifer, A.; “A Rationalization of the Unusual Electrochemical Behavior Observed in Lariat Ethers and other Reducible Macrocyclic Systems,” Analytical Chemistry 1988, 60, 2021-2024.

131. Echegoyen, L. E.; Hernandez, J. C.; Kaifer, A.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Aggregation of Steroidal Lariat Ethers: The First Example of Nonionic Liposomes (Niosomes) formed from Neutral Crown Ether Compounds,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1988, 836-837.

132. Arnold, K. A.; Viscariello, A.M.; Kim, M.; Gandour, R. D.; Fronczek, F.R.; Gokel, G. W.; “N,N'-bis(Substituted)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 Derivatives having pi-Donor-Group-Sidearms: Correlation of Thermodynamics and Solid State Structures,” Tetrahedron Letters 1988, 3025-3028.

133. Echegoyen, L.E.; Portugal, L.; Miller, S. R.; Hernandez, J.C.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “The First Evidence for Aggregation Behavior in a Lipophilic [2.2.2]-Cryptand and in 18-Membered Ring Steroidal Lariat Ethers,” Tetrahedron

10

Letters 1988, 29, 4065-4068.134. Arnold, K.A.; Mallén, J.; Trafton, J.E.; White, B. D.; Fronczek, F.R.; Gehrig, L.M.;

Gandour, R. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Ring-sidearm Cooperativity in Cation Inclusion Complexes of 12-Membered Ring Lariat Ethers: Effect of Sidearm Chain Length and a Clarification of Long-sidearm Binding Strengths,” J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 5652-5657.

135. Echegoyen, L.; Parra, D.; Bartolotti, L. J.; Hanlon, C.; Gokel, G. W.; “Increased Rigidity in Complexes formed from Negatively Charged Lariat Ethers and Alkali Metal Cations,” J. Coord. Chem. 1988, 18, 85-91.

136. Gokel, G. W.; “Steroidal Lariat Ethers,” United States Patent Number 4,783,528, November 8, 1988.

137. Gatto, V. J.; Miller, S.R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Preparation of Diaza-18-crown-6,” Organic Syntheses 1989, 68, 227-233.

138. Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.E.; Chen, Z.-H.; Yoo, H.; “Electrochemical Switching in Reducible Lariat Ethers: from Cation Binding Enhancements to Electrochemically-mediated Transport,” J. Inclusion Phenom. 1989, 7, 257-266.

139. Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; Kim, M. S.; Hernandez, J.; deJesus, M.; “Studies Directed Toward the Fabrication of a Synthetic Cation-conducting Channel based on Lariat Ethers,” Journal of Inclusion Phenomena, 1989, 7, 73-81.

140. Miller, S. R.; Cleary, T. P.; Trafton, J. E.; Smeraglia, C.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Tribracchial Lariat Ethers, ‘TriBLEs,’ based on 4,10,16-Triaza-18-crown-6: An Apparent Limit to Sidearm Contributions in Lariat Ether Molecules,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1989, 806-808.

141. White, B. D.; Mallén, J.; Arnold, K. A.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; Gehrig, L. M. B.; Gokel, G. W.; “Peptide Sidearm Derivatives of Lariat Ethers and Bibracchial Lariat Ethers: Syntheses, Cation Binding Properties, and Solid State Structural Data,” J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 937-947.

142. Hanlon, C. J.; Arnold, K. A.; Delgado, I.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Remarkable Indifference of Alkali Metal Cation Binding Constants to Sidearm Thioether and Sulfoxide Donors in Azalariat Ethers,” J. Inclusion Phenom. 1989, 7, 437-442.

143. Fasoli, H.; Echegoyen, L. E.; Hernandez, J. C.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Evidence from ESR Studies for Virtual Immobility in Niosomes derived from Steroidal Lariat Ethers,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1989, 578-580.

144. Echegoyen, L. E.; Yoo, H. K.; Gatto, V. J.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Cation Transport Using Anthraquinone-derived Lariat Ethers and Podands: The First Example of Electrochemically-switched ‘On/Off’ Activation/Deactivation,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2440-2443.

145. Yoo, H. K.; Zhang, H.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “The First Example of a Lariat Ether that forms a Pseudo-Sandwich Complex,” Tetrahedron Letters 1989, 2498-2492.

146. Nakano, A.; Li, Y.; Geoffroy, P.; Kim, M.; Atwood, J. L.; Bott, S.; Zhang, H.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Cistulynes: Proton NMR and Single-crystal X-ray

11

Evidence for Structure and Cation Encapsulation in a Rigid, Molecular Channel Model System,” Tetrahedron Letters 1989, 5099-5102.

147. Echegoyen, L. E.; Miller, S. R.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Thermodynamics of micellization for the K+ and Ba2+ complexes of a lipophilic cryptand,” in J. Atwood (Ed.) Inclusion Phenomena and Molecular Recognition, Plenum Press, New York, 1990, pp 151-159.

148. Takahashi, T.; Mallen, J.; Lorenzo, D.; Khanna, R. K.; Nishikawa, M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis and Conformational Properties of 2-Carboxy-15-crown-5 and Its Cation Complexes,” Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1990, 63, 383-388.

149. Yoo, H. K.; Davis, D. M.; Chen, Z.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Remarkable Nucleophilic Substitutions of Anthraquinones using Podands as Nucleophiles and Leaving Groups,” Tetrahedron Letters 1990, 55-58.

150. Heukeroth, R. O.; Jackson-Michelski, E.; Adams, S. P.; Kishore, N.; Huhn, M.; Katoh, A.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “Novel Fatty Acyl Substrates for Myristoyl-CoA:Protein N-Myristoyltransferase,” J. Lipid Research 1990, 31, 1121-1129.

151. Nakano, A.; Xie, Q.; Mallen, J. V.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis of a Membrane-insertable, Sodium Cation-conducting Channel: Kinetic Analysis by Dynamic 23Na NMR,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1287-1289.

152. Lu, T.; Yoo, H.K.; Zhang, H.; Bott, S.; Atwood, J. L.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Podand-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions of Anthraquinones: A Novel Synthetic Approach and a Mechanistic Suggestion from Solid State Data,” J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2269-2270.

153. Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Lariat Ethers in Membranes and as Membranes,” in Advances in Bio-organic Frontiers, H. Dugas, Editor, Springer Verlag, Inc., 1990, 1, 116-141.

154. Trafton, J. E.; Li, C.; Mallen, J.; Miller, S. R.; Nakano, A.; Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Neutral Ionophores having Extraordinary Ca2+ Binding Strengths and Ca2+/Na+-Selectivities in Aqueous Solution,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1990, 1266-1268.

155. Zinic, M.; Frkanec, L.; Skaric, V.; Trafton, J.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Enantioselective Transport of Z-Amino Acid (Z = Benzyloxycarbonyl) and Dipeptide K+-Carboxylates by Dipeptide Derived Lariat Ethers,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1990, 1726-1728.

156. Gokel, G. W.; Trafton, J.E.; “Cation Binding by Lariat Ethers,” in Cation Binding by Macrocycles, G.W. Gokel and Y. Inoue, Editors, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, 253-310.

157. Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers,” Inclusion Phenomena, Vol. 4, J. L. Atwood, E. Davies, and D. D. MacNicol, Eds.; Oxford University Press, 1991, 287-328.

158. Katoh, A.; Devades, B.; Adams, S. P.; Gordon, J. I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis of 6,12-Dioxamyristic Acid: A Nucleophile-dependent Substitution Reaction,” J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 731-735.

159. Lauricella, T. L.; Lopez, M.; Miller, S.R.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Lipophilic

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Derivatives of [2.2.1]- and [2.2.2]-Cryptands: Thermodynamics of Micellization of their Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cryptates,” J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1524-1529.

160. Prince, P.; Watkins, S.F.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gandour, R. D.; White, B. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “N-(2-Dimethylammonioeth-1-yl)aza-12-crown-4 Iodide. An Intramolecular Trifurcated Hydrogen Bond,” Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C. Cryst. Struct. Commun., 1991, C47, 893-895.

161. Gokel, G. W. “Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Systems,” in Host-Guest Molecular Interactions: From Chemistry to Biology, Wiley Chichester (Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 158) 1991, pp 23-38.

162. Medina, J. C.; Goodnow, T. T.; Bott, S.; Atwood, J. L.; Kaifer, A.E.; and Gokel, G. W.; “Ferrocenyldimethyl-[2.2]-cryptand: Solid State Structure of the External Hydrate and Alkali and Alkaline-earth-dependent Electrochemical Behaviour,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1991, 290-292.

163. Medina, J. C.; Gay, I.; Chen, Z.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Redox-switched Molecular Aggregates: The First Example of Vesicle Formation from a New Class of Steroidal Ferrocene Derivatives,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 365-366.

164. Medina, J. C.; Li, C.; Bott, S. G.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Molecular Receptor Based on the Ferrocene System: Selective Complexation using Atomic Ball-bearings,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 366-367.

165. • Article featured in E. C. Constable, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 407-408.

166. • Article featured in J. Rebek, Jr., ChemTracts, 1991, 4, 148.167. Kishore, N. S.; Lu, T., Knoll, L. J.; Katoh, A.; Rudnick, D. A.; Mehta, P.; Devades,

B.; Atwood, J. L.; Adams, S. P.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “The Substrate Specificity of S. cerevisiae myristoylCoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase: Analysis of Myristic Acid Analogs Containing Oxygen, Sulfur, Double Bonds, Triple Bonds, and/or an Aromatic Residue,” J. Biological Chemistry 1991, 266, 8835-8855.

168. Chen, Z.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Redox-controlled Chemical Switching of Cation Transport in Solid-supported Membrane Systems,” J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 3369-3372.

169. Gokel, G. W.; Medina, J. C.; Li, C.; “Property-Directed Synthesis,” Synlett 1991, 677-683.

170. Gordon, J. I.; Duronio, R. J.; Rudnick, D. A.; Adams, S. P.; Gokel, G. W. “Protein N-Myristoylation,” J. Biological Chem. 1991, 266, 8647-8650.

171. Schall, O.F.; Robinson, K.; Atwood, J.L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Self-Assembling, Alkali-Metal Complexing, Nickel Salicylaldimine Complexes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 7434-7435.

172. Fang, J.; Lu, T.; Kim, H.; Delgado, I.; Geoffroy, P.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Alkynes and Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives as Nucleophiles and Catalysts in Substitution Reactions of 1-Chloroanthraquinones,” J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 7059-7065.

173. Hernandez, J. C.; Trafton, J. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Direct Comparison of Extraction and Homogeneous Binding Constants as Predictors of Efficacy in Alkali Metal

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Cation Transport,” Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 6269-6272.174. Chen, Z.; Schall, O.F.; Alcalá, M.; Li, Y.; Gokel, G. W.; Echegoyen, L.; “Unusual

1:2 (Ligand:Metal) Complex Formation Between an Anthraquinone Cryptand and Li+,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 444-451.

175. Heuckeroth, R. O.; Adams, S. P.; Gordon, J. I. and Gokel, G. W.; “Novel Fatty Acid Analog Enzyme Substrates,” U.S. Patent 5,082,967, January 21, 1992.

176. Medina, J. C.; Goodnow, T. T.; Kaifer, A. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “Redox-Switched Cation Binders and Molecular Aggregates,” Symposium on Electrochemistry in Microenvironments, VCH Publishers, 1992, pp. 95-103.

177. Tsesarskaja, M.; Cleary, T. P.; Miller, S. R.; Trafton, J. E.; Bott, S.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Tribracchial Lariat Ethers: Syntheses, Binding, and Formation of an Intramolecular Macroring-sidearm Complex in the Absence of Any Cation,” Journal of Inclusion Phenomena, 1992, 12, 187-197.

178. Zinic, M.; Frkanec, L.; Skaric, V.; Trafton, J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Dipeptide-derived Lariat Ethers as Enantioselective Carriers of Z-Amino Acid and Dipeptide Carboxylates,” Supramolecular Chemistry 1992, 1, 47-58.

179. Gokel, G. W.; Lu, T.; Knoll, L. J.; Rudnick, D. A.; Gordon, J. I.; “MyristoylCoA:Protein N-Myristoyltransferase: Probing Host-Guest Interactions Using Synthetic Substrates,” Israel J. Chem. 1992, 32, 127-133.

180. Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ethers: From Simple Sidearms to Supramolecular Systems,” Chem. Soc. Reviews, 1992, 21, 39-47.

181. Devadas, B.; Lu, T.; Katoh, A.; Kishore, N. S.; Wade, A. C.; Mehta, P. P.; Rudnick, D. A.; Bryant, M. L.; Adams, S. P.; Li, Q.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “The Substrate Specificity of S. cerevisiae MyristoylCoA:protein N-Myristoyltransferase: Analysis of Fatty Acid Analogs Containing Carbonyl Groups, Nitrogen Heteroatoms, and Nitrogen Heterocycles in an in vitro Enzyme Assay and Subsequent Identification of Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-I Replication,” J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267, 7224-7239.

182. Pajerski, A.D.; Cleary, T.P.; Parvez, M.; Gokel, G. W.; Richey, Jr.; H.G.; “Reaction of Me3Al with Aza-18-crown-6 (HN18C6): Structure of Me2Al[N18C6]AlMe3,” Organometallics, 1992, 11, 1400-1402.

183. Gokel, G. W.; Medina, J. C.; Li, C.; Goodnow, T. T.; Rojas, M. T.; Hernandez-Medina, J.C.; Munoz, S.; Nakano, A.; Atwood, J. L.; Kaifer, A. E.; “Ferrocene as the Central Unit in Novel, Redox-sensitive Ligands, Monomers, and Receptors,” V. Balzani and L. De Cola (Eds.) Supramolecular Chemistry, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, pp 429-442.

184. Munoz, S.; Mallén, J. V.; Nakano, A.; Chen, Z.; Echegoyen, L.; Gay, I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Lariat Ether Bola-Amphiphiles: Formation of Crown Ether Based Bola-Amphisomes,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 520-522.

185. Gokel, G. W.; Nakano, A.; “Feeble Forces and Flexible Frameworks,” Crown Compounds: Toward Future Applications, S. Cooper (Ed.), Verlag Chemie; 1992, 1.

186. Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Self-Assembling Bibracchial Lariat Ether Derivatives Ordered by Hydrogen-Bonded and Stacked Nucleotide Bases,” J. Chem. Soc.

14

Chem. Commun. 1992, 748-750.187. Takahashi, T.; Uchiyama, A.; Yamada, K.; Lynn, B.C.; Gokel, G. W.; “Estimation

of Cation Binding Properties in Crown and Lariat Ether Complexes using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry,” Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 3825-3829.

188. Kim, H.; Schall, O. F.; Fang, J.; Trafton, J. E.; Lu, T.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Direct Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions in the Syntheses of Anthraquinone Derivatives: Chemistry and Binding Properties of Podands, Crown Ethers, and a Cryptand,” J. Phys. Org. Chem., 1992, 5, 482-495.

189. Langner, C.A.; Lodge, J.K.; Travis, S.J.; Caldwell, J.E.; Lu, T.; Li, Q.; Bryant, M.L.; Devades, B.; Gokel, G. W.; Kobayashi, G.S.; Gordon, J. I.; “4-Oxatetradecanoic Acid Is Fungicidal for C. neoformans and Inhibits Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus I,” J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267, 17159-17169.

190. Medina, J. C.; Goodnow, T. T.; Rojas, M. T.; Atwood, J. L.; Lynn, B. C.; Kaifer, A. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “Ferrocenyl Iron as a Donor for Complexed Silver in Ferrocenyldimethyl-[2.2]-cryptand: A Redox-switched Receptor Effective in Water,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10583-10595.

191. Rudnick, D. A.; Lu, T.; Jackson-Machelski, E.; Hernandez, J.C., Li, Q.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I., “Analogs of PalmitoylCoA that are Substrates for MyristoylCoA:Protein N-Myristoyltransferase,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1992, 89, 10507-10511.

192. Medina, J. C.; Lynn, B. C.; Rojas, M. T.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. E.; “Redox-Active Macrocycles Designed for Direct Attachment to Electrode Surfaces,” Supramol. Chem. 1993, 1, 145-153.

193. Watanabe, S.; Tsesarskaja, M.; Lynn, B.C.; Hernandez, J.C.; Lu, T.; Li, Q.; Gordon, J. I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Macrocycles used as Models to Probe Interactions of Biological Consequence,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1993, 65, 467-472.

194. Lynn, B. C.; Mallén, J.V.; Munoz, S.; Kim, M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Multiple cation binding by bola-amphiphilic crown ethers: assessment by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry,” Supramolecular Chemistry, 1993, 1, 195-197.

195. Munoz, S.; Mallén, J.; Nakano, A.; Chen, Z.; Gay, I.; Echegoyen, L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Ultrathin Monolayer Lipid Membranes from a New Family of Crown Ether-Based Bola-Amphiphiles,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 1705-1711.

196. Lynn, B. C.; Tsesarskaja, M.; Schall, O. F.; Hernandez, J.C.; Watanabe, S.; Kaifer, A.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Hydrogen Bonding in Macrocyclic Receptor Systems,” Supramolecular Chemistry, 1993, 1, 253-260.

197. Takahashi, T.; Uchiyama, A.; Yamada, K.; Lynn, B. C.; Gokel, G. W.; “Analysis of Cation-Macrocycle Complexation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry,” Supramolecular Chemistry, 1993, 2, 177-182.

198. Zhang, L.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. E.; “Mixed Monolayers Formed by the Self-assembly on Gold of Thiol-functionalized Anthraquinones and n-Alkanethiols,” Langmuir, 1993, 9, 786-791.

199. Kishore, N. S.; Wood, D. C.; Mehta, P. P.; Wade, A. C.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “A comparison of the acyl chain specificities of human

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myristoylCoA synthetase and human myristoylCoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase,” J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268, 4889-4902.

200. Lu, T.; Zhang, L.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. K.; “The First Surface-attached Catenane: Self-assembly of a Two-component Monolayer,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2542-2543.

201. Article featured in “Science/Technology Concentrates,” Chemical and Engineering News, April 12, 1993, p. 25.

202. Munoz, S.; Gokel, G. W.; “Redox-Switched Vesicle Formation from Two Novel, Structurally Distinct Metallo-Amphiphiles,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4899-4900.

203. Bryant, M. L.; McWherter, C. A.; Kishore, N. S.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “MyristoylCoA:protein N-Myristoyltransferase as a Therapeutic Target for Inhibiting Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-I,” Perspectives in Drug Design, 1993, 1, 193-208.

204. Schall, O. F.; Robinson, K.; Atwood, J.L.; and Gokel, G. W.; “Self-Assembling Nickel Clusters form Binding Sites for Metal Cations: Novel Analogs of Enolate Aggregates,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5962-5969.

205. Rojas, M. T.; Medina, J. C.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. K.; “The First Quantitative Detection of Silver Ion at Micromolar Levels in Water Using a Redox-Switchable Ligand,” Supramolecular Chemistry, 1993, 2, 5-9.

206. Zhang, L.; Macias, A.; Lu, T.; Gordon, J. I.; Gokel, G. W. Kaifer, A.; “Calixarenes as Hosts in Aqueous Media: Inclusion Complexation of Ferrocene Derivatives by a Water-soluble Calix[6]arene,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1993, 1017-1019.

207. Xie, Q.; Gokel, G. W.; Hernandez, J.C.; Echegoyen, L.; “Efficient Sodium Cation Transport Across Liposome Membranes Using Synthetic Carriers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 690-696.

208. Lu, T.; Li, Q.; Katoh, A.; Hernandez, J.; Duffin, K.; Jackson-Machelski, E.; Knoll, L.J.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “The Substrate Specificity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MyristoylCoA:Protein N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt1p): Polar Probes of the Enzyme’s MyristoylCoA Recognition Site,” J. Biological Chem., 1994, 269, 5346-5357.

209. Bernardo, A.; Lu, T.; Córdova, E.; Zhang, L.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. E.; “Host-Guest Complexation at the Electrode Solution Interface: The Inclusion of an Amphiphilic Viologen Guest by an Amphiphilic Calix[6]arene Host,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1994, 529-530.

210. Schall, O.F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Molecular Boxes Derived from Crown Ethers and Nucleotide Bases: Probes for Hoogsteen vs. Watson-Crick H-Bonding and other Base-Base Interactions in Self-Assembly Processes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6089-6100.

211. Zhang, L.; Macias, A.; Isnin, R.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. E.; “The Complexation of Ferrocene Derivatives by a Water-soluble Calix[6]arene,” J. Inclusion Phenom., 1994, 19, 361-370.

212. Takahashi, T.; Lynn, B. C.; Gokel, G. W.; “Spherical Recognition: Analysis of

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Crown Ether Cation Complexation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB/MS),” Journal of the Japanese Oil Chemists’ Society (Yukagaku), 1994, 43, 813-820.

213. Doering, T. L.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Hart, G.W.; Gordon, J. I.; Englund, P. T.; “The toxicity of myristic acid analogs towards African trypanosomes,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1994, 91, 9735-9739.

214. Li, Y.; Gokel, G. W.; Hernandez, J.; Echegoyen, L.; “Cation-exchange kinetics of sodium complexes with amide- and ester-substituted crown ethers in homogeneous solution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3087-3096.

215. Munoz, S.; Abel, E.; Wang, K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Control of Vesicle Formation by Chemical Switching,” Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 423-434.

216. Arnold, K. A.; Hernandez, J. C.; Li, C.; Mallén, J. V.; Nakano, A.; Schall, O. F.; Trafton, J. E.; Tsesarskaja, M.; White, B. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Analysis of sodium, potassium, calcium, and ammonium cation binding selectivity in one- and two-armed nitrogen-pivot lariat ethers,” Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 45-60.

217. Zhang, L.; Godínez, L. A.; Lu, T.; Gokel, G. W.; Kaifer, A. E.; “Interfacial molecular recognition. Binding of monolayer-anchored ferrocene groups by an amphiphilic calixarene host,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 235-237.

218. Abel, E.; Fedders, M. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Vesicle formation from N-alkylindoles: implications for tryptophan-water interactions,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 117, 1265-1270.

219. Wang, K.; Han, X.; Gross, R.W.; Gokel, G. W.; “The first evidence for triple cation binding by multi-ring macrocyclic polyethers: An electrospray ionization mass spectral analysis,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 641-2.

220. Murillo, O.; Watanabe, S.; Nakano, A.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthetic models for transmembrane channels: structural variations that alter cation flux” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7665-7679.

221. Wang, K.; Han, X.; Gross, R. W.; Gokel, G. W.; “Direct evidence for ether coordination of sodium and potassium cations: An electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7680-7686.

222. Li, C.; Tsesarskaja, M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Ferrocene as a molecular building block in lariat ethers and other complexing agents,” Supramol. Chem. 1995, 6, 79-86.

223. Knoll, L. J.; Schall, O. F.; Suzuki, I.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “Comparison of the reactivity of tetradecenoic acids, a triacsin, and unsaturated oximes with four purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid activation proteins,” J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 20090-20097.

224. Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking interactions as organizing elements in lariat ethers containing nucleotide bases,” J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1449-1458.

225. Wang, K.; Gokel, G. W.; “The use of mass spectrometry to assess complexation phenomena in receptor compounds,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1996, 68, 1267-1272.

226. Wang, K.; Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Detection of hydrogen-bonded adenine-

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thymine base-pair complexes by electrospray mass spectrometry,” Supramolecular Chemistry 1996, 7, 85-90.

227. Wang, K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Correlation of solution and gas phase complexation assessed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application to one-, two-, and three-ring macrocycles,” J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4693-4697.

228. Wang, K.; Munoz, S.; Zhang, L.; Castro, R.; Kaifer, A. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “Organometallic amphiphiles: oxidized ferrocene as headgroup for redox-switched bilayer and monolayer membranes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6707-6715.

229. Murillo, O.; Suzuki, I.; Abel, E.; Gokel, G. W.; “Sodium cation transport in synthetic channels obeys the Hammett relationship in a phospholipid bilayer membrane,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7628-7629.

230. Murillo, O.; Abel, E.; Maguire, G. E. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “A tris(macrocycle) that exhibits H-bond-induced blockage of cation channel function in a phospholipid bilayer,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1996, 2147-2148.

231. Munoz, S.; Gokel, G. W.; “Organometallic amphiphiles: novel mechanisms for redox chemical control of aggregation behavior,” Inorganica Chimica Acta, 1996, 250, 59-67.

232. Gokel, G. W.; Murillo, O.; “Synthetic organic chemical models for transmembrane channels,” Acct. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 425-432.

233. Katritzky, A. R.; Belyakov, S. A.; Sorochinsky, A. E.; Steel, P. J.; Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Novel syntheses of N-pivot lariat diazacrown ethers from 4,13-di[(benzotriazolyl)methyl]-4,13-diaza-1,7,10,16-tetraoxacycloocta-decane,” J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 7578-7584.

234. Katritzky, A. R.; Denisko, O. V.; Belyakov, S. A.; Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthesis of new N-pivot lariat crown ethers containing a propylene linkage in the sidearm,” J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7585-7592.

235. Heuckeroth, Robert O.; Adams, Steven P.; Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; “Method of N-acylating peptides and proteins with diheteroatom-substituted analogs of myristic acid,” U.S. Patent 5,571,689, November 5, 1996.

236. Li, C.; Medina, J. C.; Abel, E.; Maguire, G. E. M.; Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Neutral molecule receptor systems using ferrocene’s ‘atomic ball bearing’ character as the flexible element,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1609-1618.

237. Nakano, A.; Hernandez, J. C.; De Wall, S. L.; Wang, K.; Berger, D.R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Steroidal azalariat ethers: syntheses and aggregation behavior,” Supramol. Chem. 1997, 8, 209-220.

238. Murillo, O.; Suzuki, I.; Abel, E.; Murray, C. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Jin, T.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthetic, transmembrane channels: functional characterization using solubility calculations, transport studies, and substituent effects,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5540-5549.

239. Wang, K.; Gokel, G. W.; “Redox-switched amphiphiles: oxidized ferrocene derivatives form stable vesicles when either one or two alkyl tails are present,” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1997, 10, 323-334.

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240. Abel, E.; Meadows, E. S.; Suzuki, I.; Jin, T.; Gokel, G. W.; “Unusually long open times, determined by planar bilayer conductance studies, for a synthetic tris(macrocycle) that functions as a transmembrane channel in a phospholipid bilayer,” J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1997, 1145-1146.• Article highlighted in David Bradley’s Elemental Discoveries: http://www.sciencebase.com/nov97_iss.html.

241. Abel, E.; Maguire, G. E. M.; Meadows, E. S.; Murillo, O.; Jin, T.; Gokel, G. W.; “Planar bilayer conductance and fluorescent studies confirm the function and location of a synthetic sodium-ion-conducting channel in a phospholipid bilayer membrane,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9061-9062.

242. Bhatnagar, R. S.; Schall, O. F.; Jackson-Machelski, E.; Sikorski, J. A.; Devadas, B.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “Titration calorimetric analysis of acylCoA recognition by myristoylCoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase,” Biochemistry, 1997, 36, 6700-6708.

243. Murray, C. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Murillo, O.; Gokel, G. W.; “Fluorobenzyl terminal residues as probes of function in tris(macrocycle) channels: evidence from NMR and planar bilayer conductance studies.,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7887-7888.

244. De Wall, S. L.; Wang, K.; Berger, D. L.; Watanabe, S.; Hernandez, J. C.; Gokel, G. W.; “Azacrown ethers as amphiphile headgroups: formation of stable aggregates from two- and three-armed lariat ethers,” J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 6784-6791.

245. Maguire, G. E. M.; Meadows, E. S.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Comparison of Phenyl- and Naphthyl-substituted tris(Macrocycle) Cation-conducting Channels to Assess the Effect of Extended Aromaticity” Tetrahedron Lett.1997, 6339-6342.

246. Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; Englund, Paul T.; “Method of inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 5,747,537, May 5, 1998.

247. Abel, E.; McRobbie, I. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “A novel oxazine from the condensation of chloroanthraquinone and t-butyl L-prolinate,” Journal of Chemical Crystallography, 1998, 28, 47-51.

248. Abel, E.; Castro, R.; McRobbie, I.; Barbour, L.; Atwood, J. L.; Kaifer, A. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “A redox-switchable molecular receptor based on anthraquinone,” Supramol. Chem., 1998, 9. 199-202.

249. de Mendoza, J.; Cuevas, F.; Prados, P.; Meadows, E. S.; Gokel, G. W.; “A synthetic cation-transporting calix[4]arene derivative active in phospholipid bilayers,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1534-1537.

250. Schall, O. F.; Suzuki, I.; Gordon, J. I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Palmitoyl adenosine monophosphate mixed anhydride forms in the magnesium-mediated reaction of palmitate with adenosine triphosphate,” J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8661-8667.

251. Gordon, J. I.; Gokel, G. W.; Englund, P. T.; “Tetradecadienoic acid, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) analogue used for inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 5,760,259, June 2, 1998.

252. Murray, C. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Cation flux dependence on carbon chain length in tris(macrocycle) channels as assessed by dynamic 23Na-NMR studies in phospholipid bilayers,” Chem. Comm., 1998, 2477-2478.

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253. Bhatnagar, R. S.; Fütterer, K.; Farazi, T. A.; Korolev, S.; Murray, C. L.; Jackson-Machelski, E.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; Waksman, G.; “Structure of N-myristoyltransferase with bound myristoylCoA and peptide substrate analogs,” Nature Structural Biology, 1998, 5, 1091-1097.

254. Meadows, E. S.; De Wall, S. L.; Salama, P. W.; Abel, E.; Gokel, G. W.; “N,N-Didansyl-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6: A Fluorescence-Sensitive, Weakly Complexing Macrocycle Used to Probe the Phospholipid Vesicle Environment,” Supramol. Chem. 1999, 10, 163-171.

255. De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Solution and Solid State Evidence for Alkali Metal, Cation-pi Interactions with Indole, The Sidechain of Tryptophan” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5613-5614.

256. Abel, E.; Maguire, G. E. M.; Murillo, O.; Suzuki, I.; Gokel, G. W.; “Hydraphile channels: Structural and fluorescent probes of position and function in a phospholipid bilayer,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9043-9052.

257. Su, N.; Bradshaw, J. S.; Savage, P. B.; Krakowiak, K. E.; Izatt, R.M.; De Wall, S. L.; and Gokel, G. W.; “Syntheses and aggregate study of bisphenol-containing diaza-18-crown-6 ligands,” Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 9737-9742.

258. De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Intramolecular C-H•••O hydrogen bonding reduces cation complexation strength in a fluorescent crown ether,” Chem. Comm. 1999, 1553-4.

259. Meadows, E. S.; De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “1- and 2-Naphthylmethyl sidearms of isomeric bibracchial lariat ethers significantly affect alkali metal cation complexation,” Chem. Comm. 1999, 1555-6.

260. De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Cation-pi complexation of potassium cation with the phenolic sidechain of tyrosine,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 8405-8406.

261. Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; Englund, Paul T.; “Thienyl-containing fatty acid glycosyl phosphatidylinositol analogues used for inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 5,998,642, December 7, 1999.

262. Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; Englund, Paul T; “Method of inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 6,001,869, December 14, 1999.

263. Gokel, G. W.; “Hydraphiles: Design, Synthesis, and Analysis of a Family of Synthetic, Cation-Conducting Channels,” Chem. Comm. 2000, 1-9.

264. Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; Englund, Paul T.; “Method of inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 6,025,511, February 15, 2000.

265. Nichols, G.; Orf, J.; Reiter, S. M.; Chickos, J.; Gokel, G. W. “The vaporization enthalpies of some crown and polyethers by correlation gas chromatography,” Thermochim. Acta 2000, 346, 15-28.

266. Meadows, E. S.; De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Channel-like structures formed from extended networks of 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 complexes,” Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2000, 300-302, 333-338.

267. Barbour, L. J.; De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Gokel, G. W.; Experimental Evidence for Alkali Metal Ion Cation-pi Interactions Using Bibracchial Lariat

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Ether Complexes, Ind. Engr. Chem., 2000, 39(10), 3436-3441268. Gordon, Jeffrey I.; Gokel, George W.; Englund, Paul T.; “Furyl-containing fatty

acid glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) analogues used for inhibiting parasitic activity,” U.S. Patent 6,048,989, April 11, 2000.

269. Meadows, E. S.; De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J.; Fronczek, F. R.; Kim, M.-S.; Gokel, G. W.; “Structural and Dynamic Evidence for C-H•••O Hydrogen Bonding in Lariat Ethers: Implications for Protein Structure,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 3325-3335.

270. Abel, E.; De Wall, S. L.; Edwards, W. B.; Lalitha, S.; Covey, D. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Aggregate formation from 3-alkylindoles: amphiphilic models for interfacial helix anchoring groups,” Chem. Comm., 2000, 433-434.

271. De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthetic receptors as models for alkali metal cation-pi binding sites in proteins,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 6271-6276.

272. Meadows, E. S.; Abel-Santos, E.; Frankel, D. C.; Gokel, G. W.; “The presence of cholestanyl substituents in hydraphile channels shuts down cation transport in the phospholipid bilayer,” Tetrahedron Letters 2000, 1871-1875.

273. Abel, E.; De Wall, S. L.; Edwards, W.B.; Lalitha, S.; Covey, D.F.; Gokel, G. W.; “The formation of stable vesicles from N- or 3-alkylindoles: possible evidence for tryptophan as a membrane anchor in proteins,” J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 5901-5909.

274. Gokel, G. W.; De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; “Experimental evidence for alkali metal cation-pi interactions,” Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2000, 2967-2978.

275. Shabany, H.; Abel, E.; Evans, J. P.; McRobbie, I. M.; Gokel, G. W.; “Alcohol oxidation and aldol condensation during base-catalyzed reaction of primary alcohols with 1-chloroanthraquinone,” Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41(35), 6705-6708.

276. Murray, C. L.; Shabany, H.; Gokel, G. W.; “The central ‘relay’ unit in hydraphile channels as a model for the water-and-ion “capsule” of channel proteins,” Chem. Comm. 2000, 2371-2372.

277. Shabany, H.; Gokel, G. W.; “Enhancement of cation transport in synthetic hydraphile channels having covalently-linked headgroups,” Chem. Comm. 2000, 2373-2374.

278. Shabany, H.; Murray, C. L.; Gloeckner, C. A.; Grayson, M. A.; Gross, M. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Evidence for multiple alkali metal cation complexation in membrane-spanning ion transporters,” Chem. Comm. 2000, 2375-2376.

279. Behm, R.; Gloeckner, C. A.; Grayson, M. A.; Gross, M. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “Pyxophanes: Selective Gas Phase Ion Complexation by 1,6,13,18-Tetraoxa[6.6]paracyclophane-3,15-diyne,” Chem. Comm. 2000, 2377-2378.

280. Fütterer, K.; Murray, C. L.; Bhatnagar, R. S.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; Waksman, G.; “Crystallographic Phasing of Myristoyl-CoA:Protein N-Myristoyltransferase by Iodination of the omega-Terminus of Myristate,” Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 2001, D57, 393-400.

281. De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Murray, C. L.; Shabany, H.; Gokel, G. W. “Synthetic, sodium-ion-conducting tris(macrocycle) channels that function in a

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phospholipid bilayer membrane: an overview,” Supramol. Chem. 2001, 12, 13-22.282. De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J.; Schall, O. F.; Gokel, G. W.; “Sodium Cation

Complexation in a Macrocycle Containing Thymines as Sidearm Donor Groups,” J. Chem. Crystallogr. 2001, 30, 227-231.

283. Meadows, E. S.; De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J. and Gokel, G. W.; “Alkali Metal Cation-pi Interactions Observed by Using a Lariat Ether Model System,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3092-3107.

284. Gokel, G. W.; Ferdani, R.; Liu, J.; Pajewski, R.; Shabany, H.: and Uetrecht, P.; “Hydraphile Channels: Models For Transmembrane, Cation-Conducting Transporters,” Chem. Eur. J., 2001, 7, 33-38.

285. Barbour, L. J.; De Wall, S. L.; Ferdani, R.; Fronczek, F. R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Intermolecular axial solvation of bound cations by sidearm donor groups in lariat ethers: formation of a supramolecular network,” Inorg. Chim. Acta 2001, 317, 121-126.

286. De Wall, S. L.; Barbour, L. J. and Gokel, G. W.; “Solid state bilayer formation from a dialkyl-substituted lariat ether that forms stable vesicles in aqueous suspension,” J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2001, 14, 383-391.

287. Gokel, G. W. “Artificial Cation-Conducting Channels: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization,” Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2001, 35(3), 211-231.

288. Gokel, G. W.; Murray, C. L.; “Spacer chain length dependence in hydraphile channels: Implications for channel position within phospholipid bilayers,” J. Supramol. Chem., 2001, 1, 23-30.

289. Hu, J.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Solid state evidence for pi-complexation of potassium cation by a carbon-carbon triple bond,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123 (38), 9486-9487.

290. Gokel, G. W.; Barbour, L. J.; De Wall, S. L. and Meadows, S.L.; “Macrocyclic polyethers as probes to assess and understand alkali metal cation-pi interactions,” Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2001, 222, 127-154.

291. Shabany, H.; Pajewski, R.; Abel, E.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Gokel, G. W. “The effect of twin-tailed sidearms on sodium cation transport in synthetic hydraphile cation channels,” J. Heterocyclic Chem. 2001, 38(6), 1393-1400.

292. Ferdani, R.; Hu, J.; Leevy, W. M.; Pajewska, J.; Pajewski, R.; Villalobos, V.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W. Solid-state evidence for alkali metal to arene pi-complexation. J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem. 2001, 41, 7-12.

293. Gokel, G. W.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; “Synthetic Models of Cation-Conducting Channels,” Chem. Soc. Rev., 2001, 30(5), 274-286.

294. Ferdani, R.; Barbour, L.; Hu, J.; Djedovic, N. K.; Gokel G. W.; “Solid state structures of N-2-(3-indolylethyl)aza-9-crown-3, N,N’-bis(2-(3-indolylethyl))-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6, and their protonated forms,” J. Supramol. Chem. 2001, 1, 305-311.

295. Hu, J.; Barbour, L. J.: Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Solid State Network Formation in Arene-Sidearmed Lariat Ether Complexes: Contrasting Behavior of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Cation Complexes,” J. Supramol. Chem. 2001, 1, 157–163.

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296. Gokel, G. W.; Barbour, L. J.; Ferdani, R.; Hu, J.; “Lariat ether receptor systems show experimental evidence for alkali metal cation-pi interactions,” Accounts of Chemical Research, 2002, 35, 878-886.

297. Hu, J.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, G. W.; Solid state evidence for pi-complexation of sodium cation by carbon-carbon double bonds, Chem. Comm. 2001, 1858-1859.

298. Meadows, E. S.; Barbour, L. J.; Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G. W. “Dimer Formation in Alkali Metal Complexes of 15- and 18-Membered Indole-containing Lariat Ether Amides,” J. Supramol. Chem., 2001, 1, 111-115.

299. Schlesinger, P. H.; Ferdani, R.; Liu, J.; Pajewska, J.; Pajewski, R.; Saito, M.; Shabany, H.; Gokel, G. W. “SCMTR: A Chloride-Selective, Membrane-Anchored Peptide Channel that Exhibits Voltage Gating,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 1848-1849.• Article featured on Nature’s “Science Update” website (www.nature.com/nsu/), March, 2002.• Article featured in The Alchemist on www.ChemWeb.com, March, 2002.

300. Leevy, W. M.; Donato, G. M.; Goldman, W. E.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Gokel, G. W., “Synthetic hydraphile channels of appropriate length kill E. coli,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9022-9023.• Article featured in “News of the Week,” Chemical & Engineering News, July 29, 2002, p. 10.• Article featured in Andy Coghlan, “Killer Bugs Bored to Death,” New Scientist, Vol 175, Issue 2357, 24 August 2002, page 18.• Article featured in http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/acs-display.html?-DOC=heartcut%5Carchive%5C1007_heartcut.html#1.

301. Hu, J.; Barbour, L.J.; Gokel, G. W.; “Probing Alkali Metal pi-Interactions with the Sidechain Residue of Tryptophan,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 2002, 99, 5121-5126.

302. Schlesinger, P. H.; Ferdani, R.; Pajewski, R.; Pajewska, J.; Gokel, G. W.; “A Hydrocarbon Anchored Peptide that forms a Chloride-selective Channel in Liposomes,” Chem. Comm. 2002, 840-841.

303. Hu, J., Barbour, L. J., Ferdani, R., and Gokel, G. W., “Sodium cation complexation behavior of the heteroaromatic sidechains of histidine and tryptophan,” Chem. Comm. 2002, 1810-1811.

304. Hu, J., Barbour, L. J., and Gokel, G. W., “Sigma-donor, pi-donor, and anion competition in pi-complexation of alkali metal cations,” Chem. Comm. 2002, 1808-1809.

305. Hu, Jiaxin; Barbour, Leonard J.; Gokel, G. W.; “The indole sidechain of tryptophan as a versatile pi-donor,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10940-10941.

306. Hu, Jiaxin; Barbour, Leonard J.; Ferdani, Riccardo; Gokel, George W.; “Calcium cation complexation by lariat ether receptors having arene-terminated sidearms,” Chem. Comm. 2002, 1806-1807.

307. Schlesinger, Paul H.; Ferdani, Riccardo; Pajewska, Jolanta; Pajewski, Robert, Gokel, George W.; “Replacing proline at the apex of heptapeptide-based chloride

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ion transporters alters their properties and their ionophoretic efficacy,” New Journal of Chemistry, 2003, 26, 60-67.

308. Djedovic, Natasha K.; Ferdani, Riccardo; Schlesinger, Paul H.; Gokel, George W.; “Aggregation of lariat ethers attached to a membrane anchoring unit,” Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 10263–10268.

309. Schlesinger, P. H.; Djedovic, N. K.; Ferdani, R.; Pajewska, J.; Pajewski, R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Anchor Chain Length Alters the Apparent Mechanism of Chloride Channel Function in SCMTR Derivatives,” Chem. Comm. 2003, 308- 309.

310. Gokel, G. W., “The aromatic sidechains of amino acids as neutral donor groups for alkali metal cations,” Chem. Comm., 2003, 2847-2852.

311. Ferdani, Riccardo; Barbour, Leonard J.; Gokel, George W.; “Cation-pi Interactions in the Crystal Structures of Alkali Metal Calixarene Complexes,” J. Supramol. Chem. 2002, 2, 343-348.

312. Hu, Jiaxin; and Gokel, George W.; “Solution Complexation Between Potassium Iodide and Lariat Ethers having Pi-donor Sidearms,” ChemComm, 2003, 2536-2537.

313. Natasha K. Djedovic, Riccardo Ferdani, Egan Harder, Jolanta Pajewska, Robert Pajewski, Paul H. Schlesinger, and George W. Gokel, “The C-Terminal Ester of Membrane Anchored Peptide Ion Channels Affects Anion Transport,” ChemComm. 2003, 2862-2863.

314. Gokel, G. W.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Djedovic, N. K.; Ferdani, R.; Harder, E. C.; Hu, J.; Leevy, W. M.; Pajewska, J.; Pajewski, R.; Weber, M. E., “Functional, synthetic organic chemical models of cellular ion channels,” Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2004, 12, 1291-1304.

315. Gokel, George W.; Leevy, W. Matthew; Weber, Michelle E.; “Crown Ethers: Sensors for Ions and Molecular Scaffolds for Materials and Biological Models,” Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(5), 2723-2750.

316. Hu, J.; Barbour, L. J.; Gokel, George W.; “Ferrocene Derivatives as Receptors to Explore Ammonium Cation-pi Interactions,” New J. Chem. 2004, 28, 907 - 911.

317. Pajewski, Robert; Ferdani, Riccardo; Schlesinger, Paul H.; Gokel, George W.; Chloride Complexation by Heptapeptides: Influence of C- and N-Terminal Sidechains and Counterion,” Chem. Commun., 2004, 160-161.

318. Hu, Jiaxin; Barbour, Leonard J.; Gokel, George W., Cation-pi Interactions between Alkali Metal Cations and Neutral Double Bonds, Coll. Czech Chem. Commun., 2004, 69, 1050-1062.

319. Sanchez, Clement; Parent, Denise; Bostock-Smith, Clare; Gokel, George; Majoral, Jean-Pierre; Steed, Jonathan. “Expectations for the quality and originality of submissions to NJC.” New J. Chem. 2004, 28, E3-E4.

320. Leevy, W. M.; Huettner, J. E.; Pajewski, R.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Gokel, G. W.; “Synthetic Ion Channel Activity Documented by Electrophysiological Methods in Living Cells,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 15747-15753.

321. Lu, W.; Qiu, W.; Kim, J; Okobiah, O.; Hu, J.; Gokel, G. W.; Zhong, D. “Femtosecond studies of arene-substituted crown ethers: Macromolecular

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solvation, local solvent structure and cation-pi interaction,” Chemical Physics Letters 2004, 394(4-6), 415-422.

322. Leevy, W.M.; Gokel, M.R.; Hughes-Strange, G.; Schlesinger, P.H.; Gokel, G.W.; “Structure and Medium Effects on Hydraphile Synthetic Ion Channel Toxicity to the Bacterium E. coli,” New Journal of Chemistry, 2005, 29, 205 - 209.

323. Leevy, W.M.; Weber, M.E.; Schlesinger, P.H.; Gokel, G.W.; “NMR and Ion Selective Electrode Studies of Hydraphile Channels Correlate with Biological Activity in E. coli and B. subtilis,” ChemComm, 2005, 89-91.

324. Pajewski, R.; Djedovic, N.; Harder, E.; Ferdani, R.; Schlesinger, P.H.; Gokel, G.W.; “Pore Formation in and Enlargement of Phospholipid Liposomes by Synthetic Models of Ceramides and Sphingomyelin,” Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2004, 13, 29-37.

325. Djedovic, N.; Ferdani, R.; Harder, E.; Pajewska, J.; Pajewski, R.; Weber, M.E.; Schlesinger, P.H.; Gokel, G.W.; “The C- and N-Terminal Residues of Synthetic Heptapeptide Ion Channels Influence Transport Efficacy Through Phospholipid Bilayers,” New J. Chem. 2005, 29, 291-305.

326. Weber, M. E.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Gokel, G.W.; “Dynamic Assessment of Bilayer Thickness by Varying Phospholipid and Hydraphile Synthetic Channel Chain Lengths,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 636-642.

327. Pajewski, R.; Ferdani, R.; Pajewska, J.; Djedovic, N.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Gokel, G. W.; “Evidence for dimer formation by an amphiphilic heptapeptide that mediates chloride and carboxyfluorescein release from liposomes,” Org. Biomol. Chem., 2005, 3, 619 - 625.

328. Ferdani, R.; Pajewski, R.; Djedovic, N.; Pajewska, J.; Schlesinger, P.H.; and Gokel, G.W.; “Anion transport in liposomes responds to variations in the anchor chains and the fourth amino acid of heptapeptide ion channels” New J. Chem., 2005, 29, 673–680.

329. Leevy, W. M.; Weber, M. E.; Gokel, M. R.; Hughes-Strange, G. B.; Daranciang, D. D.; Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Correlation of Bilayer Membrane Cation Transport and Biological Activity in Alkyl-substituted Lariat Ethers,” Org. Biomol. Chem., 2005, 3, 1647-1652.

330. Meyer, A. E.; Leevy, W. M.; Pajewski, R.; Suzuki, I.; Weber, M. E.; Gokel, G. W.; “The Influence of Aromatic Residues in Hydraphile Spacer Units: Assay by Ion Selective Electrode Methods and in Bacteria,” Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, 13, 3321-3327.

331. W. Matthew Leevy, Seth T. Gammon, Tatiana Levchenko, David D. Daranciang, Oscar Murillo, Vladimir Torchilin, David Piwnica-Worms, James E. Huettner, and George W. Gokel, “Structure-Activity Relationships, Kinetics, Selectivity, and Mechanistic Studies of Synthetic Hydraphile Channels in Bacterial and Mammalian Cells,” Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2005, 3, 3544-3550.• article featured on the Royal Society of Chemistry website:http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/OB/obchotarticles.asp

332. Weber, M.E.; Wang, W.; Steinhardt, S.E.; Gokel, M. R.; Leevy, W. M.; Gokel, G.

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W.; “The Influence of Varied Amide Bond Positions on Hydraphile Ion Channel Activity,” New J. Chem., 2006, 30, 177-184.

333. Riccardo Ferdani, Robert Pajewski, Jolanta Pajewska, Paul H. Schlesinger, and George W. Gokel, “Glycine Position Permutations and Peptide Length Alterations Change the Aggregation State and Efficacy of Ion-conducting, Pore-forming Amphiphiles,” Chem. Comm. 2006, 439-441.

334. Gabriel A. Cook, Robert Pajewski, Mahalaxmi Aburi, Paul E. Smith, Om Prakash, John M. Tomich, and George W. Gokel, “NMR Structure and Dynamic Studies of an Anion Binding, Channel-Forming Heptapeptide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 1633-1638.

335. Robert Pajewski, Riccardo Ferdani, Jolanta Pajewska, Ruiqiong Li, and George W. Gokel, “Cation Dependence of Chloride Ion Complexation by Open-Chained Receptor Molecules in Chloroform Solution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 18281-18295.

336. You, L.; Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G.W.; “Chloride Ion Efflux from Liposomes is Controlled by Sidechains in a Channel-forming Heptapeptide,” Chem. Comm. 2006, 603-605.

337. Weber, M.E.; Elliott, E.K.; Gokel, G.W.; “Activity of Synthetic Ion Channels is Influenced by Cation-pi Interactions with Phospholipid Headgroups,” Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2006, 4, 83-89.•Listed as a “hot article” by Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry on the internet at http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/OB/OBChotarchive.asp.

338. Pajewski, R.; Garcia-Medina, R.; Brody, S.L.; Leevy, W.L.; Schlesinger, P.H.; and Gokel, G.W., A Synthetic, “Chloride-Selective Channel that Alters Chloride Transport in Epithelial Cells,” Chem. Commun, 2006, 329 – 331.

339. Gammon, Seth T.; Leevy, W. Matthew; Gross, Shimon; Gokel, G.W.; & Piwnica-Worms, David; “Spectral Unmixing of Photon Emission from Bioluminescent Organisms in Co-Culture,” Analytical Chemistry, 2006, 78, 1520-1527.

340. Cusumano, Zachary T.; Gokel, George W.; "Synthetic Ion Channels As Novel Antimicrobial Agents," Current Bioactive Compounds, 2006, 2, 13-18.

341. Wojciechowski, Kamil; Grigoriev, Dmitry; Ferdani, Riccardo; Gokel, George W.. Mixed Monolayers of Alkylated Azacrown Ethers and Palmitic Acid at the Air-Water Surface. Langmuir 2006, 22, 8409-8415.

342. Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G. W., Planar bilayer studies reveal multiple conductance states for synthetic anion transporters. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 3746-3750.

343. Gokel, George W.; Schlesinger, Paul H., “Synthetic ion channels,” United States Patent 7,129,208 issued 31 October 2006.

344. Bryce, David L.; Adiga, Samyuktha; Elliott, Elizabeth K.; Gokel, George W. Solid-State 23Na NMR Study of Sodium Lariat Ether Receptors Exhibiting Cation-pi Interactions. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2006, 110(50), 13568-13577.

345. Elliott, Elizabeth K.; Hu, Jaixin; Gokel, George W.; “The Fluorescence Properties of Free and Cation-complexed Lariat Ethers having Sidearms Terminated by a Benzene Ring,” Supramolecular Chemistry, 2007, 19, 175-183.

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346. Yamnitz, Carl R.; Gokel, George W.; “Synthetic, Biologically Active Amphiphilic Peptides,” Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2007, 4, 1395-1412.

347. Robert Pajewski, Jolanta Pajewska, Ruiqiong Li, Elizabeth A. Fowler, and George W. Gokel, “The Effect of Midpolar Regime Mimics on Anion Transport Mediated by Amphiphilic Heptapeptides,” New Journal of Chemistry, 2007, 31, 1960 – 1972.

348. Riccardo Ferdani, Ruiqiong Li, Robert Pajewski, Jolanta Pajewska, Rudolph K. Winter, and George W. Gokel; “Transport of Chloride and Carboxyfluorescein through Phospholipid Vesicle Membranes by Heptapeptide Amphiphiles,” Org. Biomol. Chem., 2007, 5, 2423–2432.

349. Wei Wang, Carl R. Yamnitz, and George W. Gokel, “Heterocyclic Amide Hydraphile Synthetic Cation Transporters,” Heterocycles, 2007, 73, 825-839.

350. Philip K. Lee, Rebecca P. Chapman, Lei Zhang, Jiaxin Hu, Leonard J. Barbour, Elizabeth K. Elliott, George W. Gokel, and David L. Bryce, "K-39 Quadrupolar and Chemical Shift Tensors for Organic Potassium Complexes and Diatomic Molecules," Journal of Physical Chemistry A Letters, 2007, 111(50), 12859-12863.

351. Lei You, Riccardo Ferdani, Ruiqiong Li, Joseph P. Kramer, Rudolph Ernst K. Winter, and George W. Gokel, “Carboxylate Anion Diminishes Chloride Transport through a Synthetic, Self-assembled Transmembrane Pore,” Chemistry – A European Journal, 2008, 14(1), 382-396.

352. Gokel, G. W.; Daschbach, M.M.; “Coordination and Transport of Alkali Metal Cations through Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes by Hydraphile Channels,” Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2008, 252, 886-902.

353. Elliott, Elizabeth; K. Stine, Keith J.; and Gokel, G. W.; “Air-water Interfacial Behavior of Amphiphilic Peptide Analogs of Synthetic Chloride Ion Transporters,” Journal of Membrane Science, submitted September 5, 2007, in press.

354. Lei You, George W. Gokel, "Fluorescent, Synthetic Amphiphilic Heptapeptide Anion Transporters: Evidence for Self-assembly and Membrane Localization in Liposomes, Chem. Eur. J. accepted with minor revision.

355. Jose Carlos Iglesias-Sanchez, Wei Wang, Riccardo Ferdani, Pilar Prados, Javier de Mendoza, and George W. Gokel; “Synthetic Cation Transporters Incorporating Crown Ethers and Calixarenes as Headgroups and Central Relays: A Comparison of Sodium and Chloride Selectivity,” New Journal of Chemistry, 2008, submitted December 12, 2007; accepted February 8, 2008.

356. Eric S. Meadows, Brock D. Levin Leonard J. Barbour, and George W. Gokel, "The Solid State Structure of a 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 NaI Complex: A Unique Chain-link Assembly," J. Chem. Cryst., DOI 10.1007/s10870-008-9332-z.

357. You, L.; Li, R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Anion Transport Properties of Amine and Amide- Sidechained Peptides is Affected by Phospholipid Composition,” Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, in press.

358. Elizabeth K. Elliott, Megan M. Daschbach, George W. Gokel; “Effect of N- and C-Terminal Substituents on the Assembly of Synthetic Anion Transporters at the Air-Water Interface and in Aqueous Solution,” Chem. Eur. J. submitted January

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15, 2008. Accepted March 20, 2008.

Books and General Review Chapters359. P. Hoffmann, G. Gokel, D. Marquarding, and I, Ugi, “Isonitrile Syntheses,”

Chapter 2 in I. Ugi (Ed.), Isonitrile Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp 9-40.

360. Marquarding, G. Gokel, P. Hoffmann, and I. Ugi, “The Passerini Reaction and Related Reactions,” Chapter 7 in I. Ugi (Ed.), Isonitrile Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp 133-144.

361. G. Gokel, G. Lüdke, and I. Ugi, “Four-component Condensations and Related Reactions,” Chapter 8 in I. Ugi (Ed.), Isonitrile Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp 145-200.

362. G. Gokel, P. Hoffmann, H. Kleimann, H. Klusacek, G. Lüdke, D. Marquarding, and I. Ugi, “Peptide Syntheses,” Chapter 9 in I. Ugi (Ed.), Isonitrile Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp 201-216.

363. Gokel, George. Studies in the alpha-Ferrocenylalkyl system. Univ. South. California, Los Angeles, Calif., USA. Avail. Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., Order No. 72-6058. (1971), 222 pp. From: Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1972, 32(8), 4488. Dissertation written in English. CAN 76:127124.

364. G. Gokel, “Recent Developments in Isonitrile Chemistry,” Chapter 11 in I. Ugi (Ed.), Isonitrile Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp 235-256.

365. W. P. Weber and G.W. Gokel, Phase Transfer Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1977, 280 pp.

366. Japanese translation by I. Tabushi, published by Kagaku Dojin, Tokyo, 1979.367. Russian translation by U. N. Beleskaya, published by MIR, Moscow, 1980.368. H. D. Durst and G.W. Gokel, Experimental Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, New

York, 1980, 677 pp.369. Durst, H. D.; Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Ether Chemistry: Principles and

Applications,” Selections from the Aldrichimica Acta 1968-1982, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, 1984, pp 79-88.

370. H. D. Durst and G.W. Gokel, Experimental Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, New York, Spanish translation by D. M. Casellas, published by Editorial Reverte, S.A. Spain, 1985.

371. G. W. Gokel and S. H. Korzeniowski, Macrocyclic Polyether Syntheses, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1982, 415 pp.

372. G. W. Gokel and B. B. Jarvis, Medium Effects in Organic Synthesis, American Chemical Society Audio Course, 1983, 6.2 hours playing time.

373. H. D. Durst and G. W. Gokel, Experimental Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, New York, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1986, 746 pp.

374. G. W. Gokel, Crown Ethers and Cryptands, Volume 3 in J. F. Stoddart (Ed.), Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, England, 1991, 190 pp.• Reviewed in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4017.

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375. Rudnick, D. A.; McWherter, C. A.; Gokel, G. W.; Gordon, J. I.; “MyristoylCoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase,” Advances in Enzymology, 1993, 67, 375-430.

376. J. L. Atwood, G. W. Gokel, “Molecular Recognition in Inorganic Chemistry,” 1993 McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, New York, 1993, pp 244-247.

377. G. W. Gokel, “Macrocyclic Compounds” in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995, pp. 281-285.

378. Gokel, G. W.; Schall, O. F.; “Lariat Ethers,” Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, 1996, 97-152.

379. Gokel, G. W.; Murillo, O. M.; “Podands,” Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, 1996, 1-34.

380. Gokel, G. W.; Fedders, M. F.; “10-Membered Rings and Larger Macrocycles,” Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Second Edition, 1996, 863-892.

381. Gokel, G. W.; “Crown Ethers and Cryptands,” in J. A. Semlyen (Ed.), Large Ring Molecules, John Wiley, New York, 1996, pp 263-307.

382. Gokel, G. W.; Abel, E. “Complexation of Organic Cations,” Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, 1996, 511-536.

383. Gokel, G. W.; Abel, E.; De Wall, S. L.; Jin, T.; Maguire, G. E. M.; Meadows, E. S.; Murray, C. L.; Murillo, O.; Suzuki, I.; Synthetic organic models for transmembrane, cation-conducting channels, Annales de Quimica International Edition, 1997, 93, 347-354.

384. Gokel, G. W.; “Synthetic, cation-conducting channels,” Science Progress, 1998, 81, 153-172.

385. Gokel, G. W.; Abel, E.; DeWall, S.L.; Jin, T.; Maguire, G.E.M.; Meadows, E.S.; Murillo, O.; Nakano, A.; Shah, M.R.; Stevens, J.P.; Suzuki, I.; Tochtrop, G.P.; and Watanabe, S., “Tris(Macrocycles) As Models For Transmembrane, Cation-Conducting Channels,” A. W. Coleman (Ed.), Molecular Recognition and Inclusion, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1998, pp 19-29.

386. Gokel, G. W.; De Wall, S.L.; “Redox control of aggregation in synthetic vesicles,” in G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 5, 1999, JAI Press, pp. 203- 235.

387. G.W. Gokel, “Macrocyclic Compounds” in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 9th Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999, pp. 000.

388. de Mendoza, J.; Cuevas, F.: Prados, P.; Meadows, E.S.; Gokel, G. W.; A Synthetic Cation-transporting Calix[4]arene Derivative Active in Phospholipid Bilayers,” in “Workshop on Structure and Mechanisms of Ion Channels, Juan March (Madrid) Symposium No. 88, 1999, p. 59.

389. De Wall, S. L.; Meadows, E. S.; Murray, C. L.; Shabany, H.; Gokel, G. W.; Design of a Synthetic, Sodium-Conducting Channel that Functions in a Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane, in “Workshop on Structure and Mechanisms of Ion Channels,” Juan March (Madrid) Symposium No. 88, 1999, p. 55.

390. Shabany, H.; Ferdani, R.; Gokel, G. W.; “Hydraphile Synthetic Channel Compounds: Models For Transmembrane, Cation-Conducting Transporters,”

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Supramolecular Chemistry 2001, 13, 391-404.391. Gokel, G. W., “Crown Ethers,” in Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry, J. W.

Steed and J. A. Atwood (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, 2003.392. Gokel, G. W., “Lariat Ethers,” in Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry, J. W.

Steed and J. A. Atwood (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, 2003.393. Ferdani, R., Gokel, G. W., “Ionophores,” in Encyclopedia of Supramolecular

Chemistry, J. W. Steed and J. A. Atwood (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, 2003.394. Gokel, G. W. “Some thoughts on chemistry and biology,” New J. Chem., 2003,

1157-1158.395. Gokel, G. W. Dean’s Handbook of Organic Chemistry, McGraw Hill Book Company,

New York, 2003, 1100 pp.396. Gokel, G. W.; Schlesinger, P. H.; Djedovic, N. K.; Elliott, E.; Ferdani, R.; Leevy,

M.; Pajewski, R.; Pajewska, J.; Wang, W.; Weber, M.; You, L. “Synthetic, Ion-conducting Transmembrane Channels,” Chemicke Listy 2004, 98, s85.

397. Gokel, G. W.; Leevy, W. M.; Weber, M. E.; “Model Systems For Biological Processes,” in Gloe, K. Macrocyclic Chemistry: Current Trends and Future, Springer, 2005, pp 253-265.

398. Gokel, George W.; Elliott, Elizabeth K.; 10-Membered Rings or Larger with 1 or more N and O and/or S, in Newkome, G.R., Editor, Volume 12 of Katritzky, A. R., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Elsevier, 2008, volume 14, pp 804-827.

399. Gokel, George W. Indole, the aromatic element of tryptophan as a pi-donor and amphiphilic headgroup. International Congress Series (2007), 1304 (Interdisciplinary Conference on Tryptophan and Related Substances: Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine, 2006), 1-14. CODEN: EXMDA4 ISSN:0531-5131. AN 2008:421516.

Edited Volumes400. G.W. Gokel and K. Koga, Advances in Inclusion Science, Volume 6, United

States-Japan Seminar on Host-Guest Chemistry, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989, 279 pp.

401. Y. Inoue and G.W. Gokel, Cation Binding by Macrocycles, 1990, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 761 pp.

402. G.W. Gokel, Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 1, 1990, JAI Press, 197 pp.

403. G.W. Gokel, Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 2, 1992, JAI Press, 195 pp.

404. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 3, 1993, JAI Press, 219 pp.

405. G.W. Gokel (Ed.), Volume 1 of Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, “Molecular Recognition: Receptors for Cationic Guests,” Elsevier Science, Oxford, 1996, 850 pp.

406. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 4, 1997, JAI Press, 338 pp.

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407. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 5, 1999, JAI Press, 365 pp.

408. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 6, 2000, JAI Press, 315 pp.

409. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 7, 2001, Elsevier Science/JAI Press, 285 pp.

410. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 8, 2002, Cerberus Press, 282 pp.

411. G.W. Gokel Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Volume 9, 2004, Cerberus Press, 263 pp.

Reviews412. Review of F. Scheinmann (Ed.) An Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods for the

Determination of Organic Compounds: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1284.413. Review of E.V. Dehmlow and S.S. Dehmlow, Phase Transfer Catalysis: J. Am.

Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 2501.414. Review of F. N. Diederich, Cyclophanes: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1930.415. Atwood, J. L.; Gokel, G. W.; “News and Views,” Nature, 1992, 354, 354-355.416. Review of B.G. Cox and H. Schneider, Coordination and Transport Properties of

Macrocyclic Compounds in Solution, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9243.417. Review of V. Balzani and F. Scandola, Supramolecular Photochemistry, in Supramol.

Chem. 1993, 3, 83.418. Review of Fritz Vögtle, Supramolecular Chemistry: An Introduction, J. Med. Chem.

1994, 37, 4583. 419. Review of Starks, Liotta, and Halpern: Phase Transfer Catalysis, Supramol. Chem.,

1995, 5, 237.420. Review of Cram and Cram: Container Molecules and their Guests, J. Med. Chem.

1996, 39, 1564-1565.

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