ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN QATAR

SOLAR QATAR SUMMIT

18 & 19 November 2013, DOHA-QATAR

Dr. P Govinda Rao Corporate Environment & Sustainable Development Department

GCC Area

Population of GCC is 0.6% of the world. GHG emissions from the region is 2.4% of the World.

Per capita emissions from GCC countries is large. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the emissions. Major contribution to GHG emissions is power generation and desalination sector where opportunities exist.

Qatar National Sector Energy Consumption (2007) www.themegallery.com

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Sector   Energy, TJ   % Share  

Production Oil & Gas   386,574   36.72  

Flared Oil & Gas   134,211   12.75  

Power & Water, Public   293,310   27.86  

Road Transport   61,728   5.86  

Production Petro Chem.   119,630   11.36  

Petro Chem. Flared   280   0.03  

Building Ind.   43,202   4.10  

Production Refinery   11,469   1.09  

Flared Refinery   2,435   0.23  

TOTAL  1,052,839   100.00  

SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL K.S.A UAE Qatar Oman Bahrain Kuwait

Total Area(km2) 2149690 83600 11437 309500 750 17820

Estimated power generation capacity per day (MW)

2900 832 179 386 138 389

Total population (09 Nov 2013)

29102655 8465515 1905865 2982157 1411527 2958306

Estimated freshwater demand (kT) per day

2910 846 191 298 141 296

Coastal area required to produce estimated freshwater in (km2)

16.6 4.1 0.97 1.94 0.75 1.55

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CO2 Emission Reduction

! CO2 emissions/Mwhe in Tons Solar Thermal Power Plants: 0.01-0.015 Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plants: 0.5 Steam/Coal Fired Power Plants: 0.9 CO2 Emissions (over one year) from 50 MW power

plant at 80% of average capacity are: •  Solar: 3500-5250 Tons •  Gas Fired: 175,000 Tons •  Coal Fired: 315,370 Tons

Annual Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)

• DNI of Qatar is 2008 kWh/m2/y

• Qatar Global Solar Radiation is 5100 W/m2

• Energy per day is 5.5 kWh/m2

• Average sunshine duration is 9.4 hr/day

Solar irradiance and sunshine duration at Doha

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

FD 3.3   2.5   1.1   0.3   0.4   0.6   0.6   0.6   1.4   2.0   1.3   3.0  

CD 1.7   2.4   4.3   2.5   0.7   0.0   0.3   0.2   1.0   3.1   2.2   1.4  

SS/HZ 0.3   0.2   0.5   0.5   0.3   0.9   0.9   0.3   0.1   0.1   0.2   0.2  

Special weather at Doha

Solar Energy Feasibility

One square Km of land in Qatar receives solar energy (per year) equivalent to 1.5 million barrels of oil

UNEP study showed: !  DNI of1800 kWh/m2/year is enough for CSP (Concentrated Solar

Power) plants !  DNI of 2000 kWh/m2/year is considered feasible "  DNI of Qatar is 2008 kWh/m2/year "  For PV plants, Qatar is highly suitable.

Economics

For generation capacity of 100 MW !  PV based power generation is about 0.121 US$ per kWh (no

emissions during generation) !  Gas based power cost is 0.0537 US$ per kWh (with emissions to

environment). Also, gas reserves are limited in time period. !  PV generation need 4 acres of land for one MW power generation

and it is more for CSP. Maintenance cost is more in CSP !  Cost factor for PV generation 2.25 (with gas based)

Qatar’s voluntary initiatives

! Qatar is aiming to generate 20% of its energy from renewable sources by 2024, and have 1800 MW of installed green capacity by 2020.

!  US$ 1 billion investment for producing 8000 MTPY of poly silicon at Ras Laffan. The can cater to produce photovoltaic panels generating 6.5 GW at full capacity.

!  200 MW power project under way by Kahramaa !  Small plants generating 5 MW-10 MW each are coming up !  2022 FIFA cup in Qatar will be first carbon neutral world cup using

solar energy for air conditioning and fan zones !  QN Food Security program is to use solar power desalination plants !  New Student Complex of Qatar Foundation to use solar power !  Mushereib Properties to use solar power

Initiatives in Qatar

!  During COP18, MOU signed with International Renewable Energy

Agency (IRENA) for Global Renewable Energy Atlas Initiative. !  COWI feasibility study showed a large potential exist along Qatar-

Bahrain Causeway (both wind and solar)

Conclusions

!  Large solar energy potential exists in Qatar. Some initiatives were already taken.

!  Reliable and clean source of energy with energy security for ever !  Protects against fuel price volatility !  Solar power plants can be built in desert areas which have little other

uses !  A lot of flexibility in generation capacities; several kW to few 100 MW !  CSP power plants can be coupled with desalination plants (RO) !  Solar plants have many advantages over nuclear !  Proposed Qatar Bahrain causeway project provides large opportunity

for both solar and wind energy projects for both the countries.

All efforts for Solar be done before Nuclear Option

! Nuclear power- Some facts to remember !  It remains in Safety risk !  Capital and operating costs are very high !  Highly skilled / well trained and approved personnel needed for

commissioning as well as decommissioning !  License for storage/disposal requires a lot of international approvals !  Dependence on raw material !  Raw material is limited , dirty and dangerous to handle !  Not a solution for Climate Change issue !  Long-term storage & treatment of radioactive waste is yet to be found !  Radioactive material from nuclear power generation can also be used to

build nuclear weapons

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Qatar-Bahrain Causeway (40 km) to support both railway and road

Architect view of Qatar-Bahrain Causeway

Model view of Qatar-Bahrain causeway

CSP model for Qatar-Bahrain causeway