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7/30/2019 Assignment-Green building-case study
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Cover Page
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Table of Contents
Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------Pg 04
1.0 Management --------------------------------------------------------Pg 06
- Credit 1.1.Building Tuning----------------------------------------Pg 06
- Credit 1.2 Building Users Guide---------------------------------Pg 06
2.0 Sustainable Sites--------------------------------------------------------Pg 06
-Credit 2.1 Site Selection--------------------------------------------Pg 07
-Credit 2.2 Development Density and----------------------------Pg 07
Community Connectivity
-Credit 2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment---------------------------Pg 07
- Credit 2.4 Alternative Transportation----------------------------Pg 08
-Credit 2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance------------------------------Pg 08
-Credit 2.6 Storm Water Design, quantity control----------------Pg 08
-Credit 2.7 Storm Water Design, quality control------------------Pg 09
-Credit 2.8 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof---------------------------Pg 09
-Credit 2.9 Heat Island Effect, Roof---------------------------------Pg 10
-Credit 2.10: Light Pollution Reduction----------------------------Pg 10
3.0 Water Efficiency-----------------------------------------------------------Pg 10
-Credit 3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping---------------------------Pg 10
-Credit 3.2: Water Efficiency in Air Conditioning---------------Pg 10
-Credit 3.3: Innovative Wastewater Technologies--------------Pg 11
-Credit 3.4: Water Use Reduction-----------------------------------Pg 11
-Credit 3.5: Innovative Water Transmission----------------------Pg 12
4.0 Energy and Atmosphere----------------------------------------------------Pg 12
-Credit4.4: Optimize Energy Performance--------------------------Pg 14
-Credit 4.5: Renewable Energy------------------------------------------Pg 14
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- Credit 4.6: Additional Commissioning------------------------Pg 15
-Credit 4.4: Ozone Depletion-------------------------------------Pg 15
-Credit 4.5: Measurement and Verifications------------------Pg 15
5.0 Materials and Resources-----------------------------------------------Pg 16
-Credit 5.1: Building Reuse-----------------------------------------Pg 16
- Credit 5.2, 5.3: Construction Waste Management,-----------Pg 17
Resource Reuse & Recycling
- Credit 5.4: Recycled Content Used---------------------------------Pg 19
- Credit 5.5: Local/Regional Materials Used-----------------------Pg 19
-Credit 5.6: Rapidly Renewable Materials--------------------------Pg 19
6.0 Indoor Environmental Quality-------------------------------------------Pg 19
-Credit 6.1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring-------------------Pg 20
-Credit 6.2: Increased Ventilation-----------------------------------Pg 20
-Credit 6.4: Low Emitting Materials---------------------------------Pg 20
-Credit 6.6: Controllability of Systems-------------------------------Pg 20
-Credit 6.7: Thermal Comfort, Design-------------------------------Pg 21
-Credit 6.8: Thermal Comfort, Verification--------------------------Pg 21
-Credit 6.9: Daylight & Views-------------------------------------------Pg 21
7.0 Innovation in Design---------------------------------------------------------Pg 21
8.0 Social and Cultural Awareness---------------------------------------------Pg 21
-Credit 8.1 Social Wellbeing, Public Health & Safety--------------Pg 21
Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg 22
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IntroductionOur Company ABS Consultants was hired by Mr. D.S.J. Hewavitharana of Leaf Holdings(Pvt)
Ltd., a tea Export Company,to build his new office building complex at Dematagoda,
Colombo. This building will not only serve its commercial purpose of an office space but it
also seeks to exemplify the standards of a Green Building in Sri Lanka. This report willanalyse the buildings features in terms of its cost, compliance to environmental standards
and design features which make it suitable to be rated according to the GREENSL
Ratingsystem.
Background
The site is located in the commercial side of Dematagoda, Colombo, and is accessed via
Baseline Road. It has a maximum rainfall of 400cm of rain per month, humidity levels which
can range from 70-90% and temperature that rises up to an average of 30C.
Building
The building is set to have 3 floors and 1 below shows the various functions of the building
at each level (Refer to Annexes for schematic drawings and project program).
Table 1. Building Functions
Ground Level 1. Reception Lounge & Public Area
2. Office Spaces
3. Conference Room
4. Miniature Auditorium
5.
Cafeteria
6. Recreation Lounge
7. Kitchen
8. Service Area
9. Washrooms
10.Engineering Workshop
11.Garbage Collecting Points
12.Open Parking Area
13.Vegetable & Fruit Plantations
14.Bioremediation Area
First Level 1.
Office Spaces
2. Office Area for Divisional Heads
3. Executive Area
4. Recreation Lounge
5. Services Area
6. Washrooms
Second Level 1. Office Spaces
2. Washrooms
3. Club House
4. Rain Water Harvesting Tanks
5.
Vegetated Roof Garden
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A BOQ done on the building showed the total approximate rate per m2
to beRs. 58,971.65/m2, a
summary is shown in Fig. 1 below (refer to Annexes for detailed BOQ).
Fig. 1 BOQ Summary
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Assessment of site using the GREENSL Rating Tool
The following analysis will describe the features of the building in accordance to the criteria
which are applicable to our building and site, in addition to the ones that need to be
addressed in the GREENSL
Rating tool system.
1.0ManagementPrerequisite 1: Green Building Accredited Professional
A Green Building Accredited Professional was commissioned for the project to work with the
team to achieve the required GREEN Standards.
Prerequisite 2: Commissioning Clauses
The following documents were submitted to the client to be used during the operation of
the building: Document of Design Intent
As-Built Drawings
Operations and Maintenance Manual
Building Management Staff Training Manual
Credit 1.1: Building Tuning
In order to ensure optimum Occupant Comfort and Energy Efficiency of the systems and
services of the building, a member of the design team would ensure a monthly monitoring
and a full recommissioning of the building 12months after practical completion. An
operational manager for the building was suggested to be appointed by the client; in order
to provide feedback and a review of the systems during the Building Tuning Period.
Credit 1.2: Building Users Guide
The following would be provided to the client to optimize the buildings environmental
performance during operation:
Energy and Environment Strategy
All Building Services Transport Facilities
Waste Disposal Policies
2.0 Sustainable Site
Prerequisite 1: Erosion and Sediment Control
The site is located on flat land thus the surface run-off of sediment leading to high erosion
rates remains low. An Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Planwas prepared taking
into account erosion control methods such as minimizing disturbed areas, mulching (mulch
derived from waste wood during construction), by controlling the amount of soil that can
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run-off and by stabilizing exposed soil. Sediment that escapes the erosion control methods
will be trapped using silt fences around the property, especially to the canal.
Credit 2.1: Site Selection
As it was a previously developed industrial site within the commercial belt; all necessaryinfrastructure for development already exist.
Further, the existing dilapidated buildings have left behind a certain amount of
contamination on site and the new the development will ensure removal of the
contamination through a process explained in Credit 2.3.
The proposed new Green Building is designed to have no interference to any habitat, and
the site disruption is at its minimal due to its low footprint. Existing vegetation in addition to
the new, along with the natural canal and open space provide an excellent environment for
employees to work in a productive manner.
Credit 2.2: Development Density and Community Connectivity
All necessary infrastructure facilities of power, water supply and waste disposal are
available as it is a previously developed site. The area in the immediate vicinity is highly
dense with mainly housing for the low and middle income and commercial activity
containing planned industrial zones as well. However, green patches are still in abundance
within the area, which contributes to balance a fair Biodiversity.
Further, community facilities such as schools, hospitals, banks, groceries and supermarkets
are located close to the site. This connects the building and its users to the community and
its functions.
It is proposed that the maintenance of the building and all open areas will be carried out by
the local community;generating income and economic growth in the area.
Credit 2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment
The site has a minor local contamination which will be dealt with using bioremediation
strategies (Dzantor 1999). The main strategy which will be used is called phytoremediation
where native plants likeKohila(Trianthemadecandra), Kankung(Alternantherasessilis),
Habarala(Alocasiamacrorrhiza) and Mustard (Brassica juncea)will be planted on the
contaminated site and used to absorb the contaminants from the soil. These plants then will
have to replaced every six months, to ensure that the plants continue to remove the
contaminants from the soil (Somaratne and Weerakone 2012)
As contamination levels reduce, the area will be used as part of the garden for our office
building. This is cost effective and environmentally friendly way of redeveloping brownfield
sites for human use.
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Credit 2.4: Alternative Transportation
Public Transportation Access:
The area is close to public transport systems such as: ancillary roadways, pedestrian paths,
and the Dematagoda Railway Station. Thus we encourage users to adopt public transportinstead of personal vehicles to reduce carbon emissions on site.
Parking Capacity:
Ample Parking is provided within the site in order to accommodate not only the vehicles of
the proposed Green Building, but also the vehicles of the neighbouring occupants and for
commuters who travel from outstations; who can make use of our parking facilities. This
would generate revenue to the building and in turn reduce the disruption caused to the
atmosphere through carbon emissions.
Credit 2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance
As the site was a previously developed one the biodiversity of the area was severely
reduced, thus this building project will seek to rehabilitate the local area with native plant
species such asAloe vera , Dhaluk (EuphobiaAntiquorum) andBougainvillia(eg:
Bougainvillea spectabilis)
Credit 2.6 Storm Water Design, quantity control
The Existing building had 67% of its surfaces being impervious, which created a lot of stormwater run-off. Bringing it back to 50mm/hr (according to GREEN
SLRating Guide), required
the building of several step-like retaining walls; made up of a cement-soil mixture along the
bank of the canal. Furthermore, shrubs and trees planted on each step will trap storm water
run off, increase infiltration of water into the groundwater and reduce run-off into the
canal.
Design of Rain water Harvesting Tank (quantity control)
Rain falling on the proposed building will be collected through gutters and into a rainwater
harvesting tank. The collected water will be then used for landscaping and toilet flushing
purposes.
Rain Water Harvesting Quantity Calculation (BS 8515:2009):
1. 5% of Annual Rain water yield (YR)
YR = A x e x h x x 0.05
YR = 755 m2x (e x ) x 2500 mm x 0.05
YR = 755 x 0.80 x 2500 x 0.05
YR =75,500l
Collecting Area = A
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainvillea_spectabilis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainvillea_spectabilis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillia7/30/2019 Assignment-Green building-case study
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Yield Coefficient =e
Depth of Rainfall =h
Hydraulic filter efficiency =
2.
5% of Annual non potable water demand (DN)DN = PD x n x 365 x 0.05 + A x a
DN = (50 l x 350 x 365 + 716 m2x 60) x 0.05
DN = 321,523l
Daily Requirement per person =PD
Number of persons =n
Garden Area =A
Water Demand For Gardening =a
Therefore Rainwater Storage Capacity = 76,000 l
Credit 2.7 Storm Water Design, quality control
As not much waste water will be generated by an office complex and storm-water was run-
off was reduced considerable, it was not economical to have a storm-water treatment
system to improve water quality.
Credit 2.8: Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
Comparatively, only a minimum foot print of built area is utilized for the building withnegligible impact on the microclimate. Every effort is made to enhance the healthy
livelihood of human and wildlife habitat.
Vegetated terraces are located on the top terrace level of the building and on the ground
level wherever possible.
Vegetables and Fruits are grown on the building so that their produce is utilized for the
consumption of the building occupants through the meals available at the in-house cafeteria
for a nominal cost. The vegetation thus not only provides organic food to the employees but
it also improves their immediate scenery at work.
Native trees are planted throughout the site wherever possible and the entire parking area
is shaded by trees.
A non-impervious mixture from the reuse of debris of the previously demolished building
was mixed with soil and utilized for all roadways, parking areas and pathways within the
site. This would enable maximum storm water absorption to the ground without an outflow.
The durability as well as the strength of this paving method is known to be very high as well
as cost effective with very little maintenance.
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Credit 2.9: Heat Island Effect, Roof
Solar panels have been installed on both pitches of the roof to its entire area to obtain solar
power enough for the energy functions of the building.
Roofing material has a SRI equal to or greater than the values as in Table 2
Table 2. SRI for different roof slopes
Roof Type Slope SRI
Low-Sloped Roof Slope 2: 12 78
Steep-Sloped Roof >2: 12 29
Source: GreenSL
Rating System for Built Environment Version 1.0
Credit 2.10: Light Pollution Reduction
All interior lighting circuits have been driven through a motion base sensor system which
ensures the automatic operation of the lighting circuits between 5am-10pm. However the
maximum allowed lighting power portion will be limited in accordance to the Table 2.1
Lighting Power of Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka, published by
SEASL.
Exterior Lighting will be operated via automatic controls capable of switching off lights when
sufficient daylight is available or/and when the lighting is not required. Lighting
arrangements are in compliance with Table 9.4.5 of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004. The
Project was identified and categorized under LZ1 (Dark and Rural Setting) and the designs
were made accordingly.
3.0 Water Efficiency
Credit 3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping
Grass will not be planted in the garden space, and instead will have native shrubs likeAloe
Vera, Dhaluk (EuphobiaAntiquorum) andBougainvillia(eg:Bougainvillea Spectabilis), which
will not require a lot of water to be maintained. Mulch will be applied to the soil to prevent
excess evaporation of water from the soil.
Finally the water will be supplied to the plant using the drip irrigation method which in turn
will have water transmitted from the rainwater tank and grey water from kitchens.
Credit 3.2: Water Efficiency in Air Conditioning
Under average ambient conditions of a warm humid surrounding, a collection of 60 litres
water is assumed to be collected through the condensation process of Air Handling Units
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvilliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainvillea_spectabilis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainvillea_spectabilis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainvillea_spectabilis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillia7/30/2019 Assignment-Green building-case study
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per day. The collected water will be stored in a tank on a level above the proposed Terrace
area.
Credit 3.3: Innovative Wastewater Technologies
The building will have two waste systems separating the black water from grey. The blackwater will be diverted into a septic tank on site while the grey water will be treated using
grease traps (Fig. 2)
Fig.1Representation of the process that occurs in the grease trap. Influent enters the inlet
pipe and is directed beneath the grease layer by the baffle. Within the grease trap that
grease is allowed to float to the top while sludge settles to the bottom. Water is allowed topass upwards into the outlet pipe toward the filter. The connection at the outlet pipe
prevents grease from exiting with the effluent.(source: Glassman et al 2009)
The sludge can be dried and used as manure for the plants in the garden.
The rainwater tank will be used to provide water for landscaping and flushing in toilets, thus
reducing the demand for portable water. The plants on the building will be watered using
the water generated from Air conditioning system.
Credit 3.4: Water Use Reduction
The two main uses of water identified in the building are for toilet purposes and cooking
purposes in the canteen. As it is not possible to reduce the amount of water used for
cooking, it was decided that the toilets be retrofitted with gravity-fed low flow toilets, which
have a half or full flush option fitted into them (Rodriguez 2012).
Rainwater from the entire roof area is collected to rain water harvesting tanks which are
located on the 2nd
level of the building. They are then distributed to the use of the building
functions such as toilet flushing and landscaping purposes.
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The storm water which falls on to ground is absorbed through its non-impervious mixture
used on the paved areas as described in Credit 2.8: Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof. The rest of
the storm water will be diverted to for landscaping purposes.
Credit 3.5: Innovative Water Transmission
The water tanks will be placed on the second level, with very little use of the pumps will be
and instead gravity will be used as an effective means of transferring water from the tank to
the sites where it would be needed. Our solar panels will provide the additional energy
required by the pumps.
4.0 Energy and Atmosphere
Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Building System Commissioning
In order to verify the design, installation and calibration of fundamental building elements, a
Commissioning Report was submitted to a third party commissioning team after following
all the procedures as intended by the GREEN Rating system. The development and
utilization of the commissioning plan, verifications of installation, functional performance,
training, operation and maintenance documentation were carried out in prior to the
creation of the report.
Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance
The Design of the building project complies with both mandatory provisions ofASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004, section 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, 10.4 and section 11 of
performance requirement.
The project also complies with the final version of Code of Practice on Energy Efficient
Buildings of Sri Lanka, published by SEASL.
The insulation of the building envelop, fenestration, doors and the air leakages of the
building have been built with reference to the ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004, section
5.4,. Necessary precautions have been taken by the initial design to fulfil the requirements
found in 5.8.1.1- 5.8.1.9.
U-values for roofs, fenestrations and facades for determining the corresponding OTTVi
values were determined from data in Appendix 4 of the Code of Practice on Energy Efficient
Buildings of Sri Lanka. Furthermore the publication fenestrations and doors have been made
to limit air leakage, with air infiltration not exceeding 2 litres/s/m2.
Vestibules which separate conditioned spaces from the exterior shall be protected with self-
closing devices and designed with a minimum distance between them being no less than 7ft
when closed.
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Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, Labelling, Load Calculation Controls and HVAC System
Construction & Insulation were made in accordance with section 6.4 of ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2004. Minimum Equipment Efficiencies at non-standard conditions were
designed to meet the minimum full-load COP and IPLV/NPLV in Table 6.8.1H. This would
leavethe Chiller water temperature to be maintained at 40F to 48F and the Condenserwater temperature to be around 75F to 85F.
As per SEASL, the indoor conditions of the air-conditioned space was designed for a dry bulb
temperature of 25 C 1.5 C and relative humidity of 55 % 5 %. The combination of
suitable high temperatures and humidity are suitable for both at the comfort zone as well as
for energy saving purposes; provided the conditions maintained herein are agreeable to the
occupants.
Each conditioned zone will be individually controlled by thermostat controls and the pre-set
temperatures will assure the occupants comfort within the zone. The Dead Band of the
zones thermostatic controls shall be within 5F after which the supply of cooling energy to
the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.
A centralized automation system (BMS) ensures the functionality of after-hour controls and
automatic shutdown under different time schedules. Furthermore the system ensures
setback controls and optimum start controls while maintaining zone temperatures below
the pre-determined set points which are user adjustable.
Appropriate air conditioning zoning has been introduced as per the standards and are
intended to operate non-simultaneously once divided into isolated areas of their own.
Zones may be grouped into a single isolation area provided it does not exceed 25,000 ft2 of
conditioned floor area nor include more than one floor.
As per the section 8.4 Voltage Drop across the Feeders were sized for a maximum voltage
drop of 2% at design load and 3%maximum for the Branch Circuits. LDP will not exceed 10.8
w/m2
as per the Energy Code of SEASL.
Section 9.4 of ASHRAErefers to the lighting control, exit signs, interior and exterior building
lights. An automatic control has been introduced by the initial design to on the basis ofoperating occupant sensors that shall turn lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant
leaving a space. As per the Energy Code of SEASL, occupancy based controls strategies are
best suited to spaces that have highly variable and unpredictable occupancy patterns. At
least one control device has been introduced to independently control the general lighting
within the space. Each and every device shall be readily accessible while LDP will not exceed
10.8 w/m2
as per the Code of Practice on Energy Efficient Buildings of Sri Lanka.
Exterior Lighting is also on the basis of automatic controls capable of switching off when
sufficient daylight is available or/and when the lighting is not required.
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While designing Exterior Building Grounds Lighting, all exterior building grounds luminaires
that operate at greater than 100watts designed to have a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W
while fulfilling the requirement of Table 9.4.5 of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004. .
The building has used the most efficient luminaires/fixtures available in the market
according to the manufacturer information section of the fixture application. The efficiency
of a lighting fixture is given by its light output ratio (LOR) which is defined as the ratio of the
lumens from the luminaire to the sum of the individual lumen values of the lamps inside the
luminaries(Energy Code of SEASL)
As per the Mandatory Provisions of section 10.4 Electric Motors will comply with the
requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Table 10.8.
Prerequisite 3: CFC Reduction in HVAC & R Equipment
The HVAC equipment which caters to the total cooling demand of the building incorporates
the latest standards and CFC-free operation and thus does not deplete ozone layer.
Credit 4.1 Optimize Energy Performance
The Buildings Energy Simulation demonstrates that Option 1 to be in compliance with
Prerequisite 2. The buildings baseline energy performance was calculated as per the
ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004 Appendix G and it complied with the final version of the
code of practice on Energy Efficient Buildings published by SLSEA. The energy process cost is
no less than 25% (about 33%) of the buildings baseline energy cost. According to thecalculations; the new building achieved the minimum energy cost savings of 27.5% and the
design of the project complies with the mandatory provisions in Standard 90.1-2004 of
ASHRAE.
Credit 4.2: Renewable Energy
Solar wasused as the potential source of renewable energy and it would cover an area of
330 m2. The entire panel is located at the North-South orientation with a maximum 12
0
angle to the South. Table 3 shows calculation made on the buildings renewable energy
output and savings. In addition to this a series of net-metering strategies put in place to
monitor the monthly energy usage of the building.
Table 3. Renewable energy generated onsite and savings in energy costs achieved.
Peak energy output
(kWh/month)
Total energy usage
of building (kWh)
Savings per month
(%)
5418 39320 13.77
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Credit 4.3: Additional Commissioning
A detailed review of the design was carried up prior to the construction phase and further
review of construction documents will be implemented close to completion. A selective
analysis of the contractor submittals for commissioned equipment wasdone by a third party
agent.
The Commissioning Agent will prepare and submit a re-commissioning management manual
and review the project close to the end of the warranty. The Commissioning Process of the
ASHRAE GUIIDE LINE will be referred to and used as a supporting document.The
information and instructions, published in the Table D-1, Documentation Matrix of the
above publication was also referred to.
Credit 4.4:Ozone Depletion
The Chiller operates with 'near zero' emissions refrigerant while using recently developed
HCFC as the refrigerant which has very low ozone depleting potential.
Chiller includes improved gasket materials and minimizes the use of threaded fittings. The
low-pressure chiller design ensures that air will typically leak into the machine instead of
refrigerant leaking out. The new purge systemson offer in these Chillers release less
refrigerant per pound of air. The use of integrated microprocessor-based controls enable
the monitoring of purge operation leaks, plus monitoring of equipment room refrigerant
concentrations up to one part per million.
Finally the fire suppression system of the building does not contain HCFC or Halons which
have ozone depletion potentials.
Credit 4.5: Measurement and Verifications
M & V plan of the designed project is developed with reference to the International
Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol Volume III.
Documentation and specification of the baseline including a listing of all important
assumptions and supporting documents were prepared.
A dedicated person was appointed to implement the M&V plan for the projected time
duration of time over which Quality Assurance procedures need to be reported on.
The calculation of the building base load was important. Therefore, option C of Table 1, and
Overview of New Construction M&V Options of the volume III were used to identify
buildings similar to ours so we can use their values of; projected baseline energy use, data
on building function, location and operation to calculate our own values.
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The equation below was used to determine the energy savings of the building and the well-
equipped sub metering program was followed thereafter to calculate the building energy
usage in operation.
Energy Savings = Projected Baseline Energy Use - Post-Construction Energy Use
5.0 Materials and Resources
The increasing scarcity of resources and the high and fluctuating prices of raw materials can
lead to major economic and social dislocation in every country on earth; increasing material
and resource efficiencies can limit all these problems.
Waste management during all stages of demolition, construction and operation play a very
important role in effective usage of materials and resources. The following options
demonstrate an efficient technique of the waste management process:1. Reduce (Prevention of waste generation)
2. Reuse (Reuse of reusable materials)
3. Recycle
4. Recovery
Prerequisite 1:Storage & Collection of Recyclables
An effective waste management plan was required due to high waste generation of the
building during its operational stage. The following actions will be implemented as part of
the waste management strategy:1) Training and education of staff on reuse strategies.
(Ex. Use both sides of paper, Use Reusable Plastic case for Foods and
Beveragesetc.)
2) Each staff member will be responsible for ensuring that the waste they generate is
disposed into the correct bin:
Paper & Cardboards - sent off to be recycled
Plastics - Recycled Locally (For ease of recycling, different type of
plastic resin need to be kept separate)
Compost {Foods} - Should be composted on site and will be a source of fertilizer
for the plants.
3) Maintain garbage collection and transport services from all parts of the building.
4) All waste (other than compost) will be collected by theColombo Municipal Council
(or via a private contractor) from garbage room.
Credit 5.1: Building Reuse
The existing buildings were in a poor state of repair and were slated for demolition.
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Credit 5.2, 5.3: Construction Waste Management, Resource Reuse & Recycling
Credit 5.2: Recycle and / or salvage - 85% (by weight)
Credit 5.3: Resource Reuse - 12%
Preliminary Demolition Plan (Material & Resource management)
The Preliminary Demolition Plan will be used to ensure that demolition activities on site do
not adversely affect the health, safety, traffic or the environment of public and neighbouring
properties.
Demolition methods
The strip out and removal of non-structural elements will be undertaken utilizing manual
labour and small plantswhich include bobcats and excavators.
During the demolition process erosion control measures will be established. These will
include treatment of dust and management of discharge into storm water systems.Material handling
On-site storage of reusable materials will occur at the northern boundary of the land.
Recycling and disposal containers will also be accommodated at a separate location at the
northern boundary of the land to be collected by collection vehicles.
Hazardous materials will be treated separately.A hazardous materials inspection will be
undertaken by an accredited consultant and removed in accordance with standards.
A preliminary assessment of the existing building showed the resources which can be
reused, recycled or disposed of in an appropriate manner (Table 4).
Table 4. Resources which can recycled, reused or disposed of in a safe manner
Resource Resource
Reuse (%)
Waste
Reuse (%)
Description
Clay Burnt Bricks 30 70 30% of Clay Burnt Bricks can
be taken as undivided and
uncrushed bricks during
proper demolition and
reused in walls. (Credit 5.3)
The remaining divided and
crushed bricks can be used
for landscaping, preparation
of access roads and parking
areas. (Credit 5.2)
Crushed Concrete Debris
0 100 100% Concrete debris reused
for base preparation on
roads, ground floor and for
cement blocks made onsite.
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(Credit 5.3)
Structural Steel Sections
(UB)
60 (recycled) 40 (sold to
as scrap to
be recycled)
80% of the existing roof
structure (by weight) consists
of universal beam sections,hence 75% of it can be
reused as roof trusses for
new building with minor
modifications in place (i.e.
sand blasting with the
application of a Zinc
Phosphate primer). (Credit
5.3)
The remaining 20% of steel
debris will be sold as scrap
metal to be recycled. (Credit
5.2)
Roofing Materials 0 0 Existing roof structure
consists of old (>5 years old)
asbestos roof sheets and
these sheets are categorized
as hazardous. Thus careful
removal and disposal to
government approved
disposal sites will be
required. (Credit 5.2)
Glass Wool, Electronic
waste
0 0 Categorized as a hazardous
and disposal to government
approved disposal sites will
be required. (Credit 5.2)
Glass, Paper, Timber,
etc
0 100
(recycle)
All recycling items like glass,
paper and timber, etc need
to be collected separately
and sold to recycling
companies. (Credit 5.2)
Construction Plan (Material & Resource management)
Waste generation during construction is relatively low when compared to the operational
stage of the building. Moreover properly trained and experienced site staff along with
proper construction techniques can be used to minimize the waste generated onsite duringconstruction. Apart from these factors the most common construction wastes come
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fromreinforcement off-cuts, cement bags, wooden parts from formwork, excessive
foodsetc.; all of which can be recycled or got rid of in a cost-effective manner.
Credit 5.4: Recycled Content Used - 25%
The following recycled materials will be used in the new building to reduce the demand forvirgin materials.
1. Recycled Reinforcement
2. Recycled Polythene
3. Reuse/Recycled cement blocks with concrete debris
4. Soil Blocks
Credit 5.5: Local/Regional Materials Used- 25%
The following materials will be sourced locally:
1.
Concrete with locally made cement2. Locally made Paint and other accessories
3. Locally made tiles for floor finish
4. Locally made asbestos for Roof
5. Locally made Recycled Polythene
6. Recycled cement blocks made onsite and locally made soil blocks.
7. Recycled Reinforcement made locally
Credit 5.6: Rapidly Renewable Materials
Dura Panels were used for all internal, non load bearing partition walls. Dura is made out of
Paddy Straw Fibres and the process produced no toxic waste, volatile organic compounds
and it does not contain any formaldehyde.
6.0 Indoor Environmental Quality
Prerequisite 1: Minimum IQA Performance
Special eatables in ventilation system controls, stair and shaft vents shall be equipped with
motorized dampers that are operated according to the needs of the fire and smokedetection systems and monitored through the BMS. All outdoor air supply and exhaust
hoods will automatically control and shut-off the outdoor air supply. Once the preoccupancy
building warm-up, cool down and setback reach the outdoor air supply level and exhaust air
dampers benchmark specified by Section 6.4.3.4 of ASHRAE; the exhaust and ventilation
systems that are equipped with motorized dampers will automatically shut down. The
maximum leakage rate will be as indicated in Table 6.4.3.4.4. of ASHRAE.
Ventilation controls shall be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and Energy Code of
SEA. Friction losses and pressure drops across the system will be no less than the specified
levels in the Local Energy Code.
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Under HVAC System Construction and Insulation, insulation of all supply and return ducts
installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in
accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B.of ASHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-2004.
Precautions for the leakages of relevant air ducts were taken and the Lmax was assured to
be maintained below the specified level.
Prerequisite 2: Smoke (ETS) Control:
Company policy prevents smoking inside the building; however occupants are welcome to
smoke at designated areas outside the building.
Credit 6.1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
In order to maintain building occupants comfort and wellbeing, a CO2 monitoring system is
installed for the Mechanically Ventilated areas of the building.
Credit 6.2: Increased Ventilation
Most areas of the building are naturally ventilated except for the work spaces which have
provision for air conditioningwhen ever required. This ensures low operational costs in the
building while maintaining healthy living standards.
All lobby areas, passageways, links, cafeteria, kitchen area, and washrooms are 100%
naturally ventilated.
Credit 6.4: Low Emitting Materials
Paints and Coatings:
All Paints and Coatings to be used are Lead free, preventing the release of toxins into the
environment.
Carpet System:
There will not be any carpets used in any area of the building as carpets are known to be
dust collectors as well as having high maintenance and replacement costs.
Credit 6.6: Controllability of Systems
6.6.1: Lighting Controls
Office area lighting design was completed on the basis of each and every light fixture being
readily accessiblethrough at least one control device. Individual lighting controls for
minimum of 90% of the occupants will have their own adjustment controls for their
individual tasks as well as group needs.
Credit 6.6.2 :Comfort Controls
With reference to Section 5.1 (Location and Size of Openings) of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-
2004; naturally ventilated spaces shall be permanently open to and within 8m of operable
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wall or roof openings. Open spaces constitute a minimum of 4%of the net occupiable floor
area.
Operable openings will be readily accessible to building occupants whenever the space is
required, as specified by Section 5.1.2 (Control and Accessibility) of ASHRAE Standards.
The comfort controls for the building were assessed taking in consideration Section 5.4 (six
primary factors of thermal comfort) of ASHRAE Standards.
Credit 6.7: Thermal Comfort, Design
A sensitive and thoughtful building design envelop is created for the satisfaction, wellbeing
and maximum productivity of the occupants. The thermal comfort conditions for human
occupancy were designed to keep all running and operational costs to a minimal. The design
meets with the ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.
Credit 6.8: Thermal Comfort, Verification
A Thermal Comfort survey is suggested to be conducted 6-18 months after occupancy, to
ascertain the levels of satisfaction of the occupants.
Credit 6.9: Daylight & Views
The entirety of the building obtains 100% natural lighting, reducing the consumption of
electricity and bringing down building operation costs. However, provision has been made
for artificial lighting in all areas of the building during days and instances of reduced natural
light as well as for building functions at night.
The building sits in a picturesque location facing a water body with abundant fauna and
flora. Therefore the structure is designed in a manner that obtains maximum views of the
outsideenvironment. This facility is encouraged even on the upper levels of the building,
personifying the interior of the building with the natural beauty of the outside environment
7.0 Innovation in Design
An exemplary performance is suggested to be attempted on this building in future, once theGREEN
SLrating has been awarded.
8.0 Social and Cultural Awareness
Prerequisite 1: Archaeological Sites and Heritage Buildings
There are no Archaeological Sites and Heritage Buildingsin the vicinity of the site.
Credit 8.1: Social Wellbeing, Public Health & Safety
The quality of life, health and wellbeing is encouraged of the occupants through the self-sustaining aspects of the building complex. The structure invites natural wind, ventilation
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and plenty of sunlight to ensure that occupants inhabit a more comfortable and natural
space. Social interaction is also encouraged in the public open spaces, increasing the social
connectivity of the area.
The building occupants consume the healthiest fresh fruits and vegetables grown within the
complex; and enjoy walks and physical exercise along the canal and in the beautiful
landscapes we have created around the building.
The building is designed as per safety standards and guidelines set out by the UDA and CMC.
It is also safe for differently abled persons as well.
Conclusion
On analysis of the building according to the GREENSL
Rating system, it was possible to make
an approximate calculation of the total amount of credits the building qualifies for. Table 5
shows a summary of the credits.
Table 5: summary of credits scored by the new building on site
Credit Point attributed to credit
1.1 Building Tuning 1
1.2 Building Users Guide 1
2.1 Site Selection 1
2.2 Development Density and Community
Connectivity
4
2.3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1
2.4 Alternative Transportation 3
2.5 Reduced Site Disturbance 4
2.6 Storm Water Design, Quantity Control 3
2.8 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 1
2.9 Heat Island Effect, Roof 1
2.10 Light Pollution Reduction 1
3.1 Water Efficient Landscaping 4
3.2 Water Efficiency in Air-conditioning
system
1
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3.3 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 4
3.4 Water Use Reduction 3
3.5 Innovative Water Transmission 1
4.1 Optimize Energy Performance
4.2 Renewable Energy 7
4.3 Additional Commissioning 1
4.4 Ozone Depletion 1
4.5 Measurement and Verifications 1
5.2 Construction Waste Management 2
5.3 Resource Reuse 2
5.4 Recycled Content 2
5.5 Local/Regional Materials 3
5.6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1
6.1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
6.2 Increased Ventilation 1
6.4 Low Emitting Materials 3
6.6 Controllability of Systems 2
6.7 Thermal Comfort, Design 1
6.8 Thermal Comfort, Verification 1
6.9 Daylight and Views 2
8.1 Social Wellbeing, Public Health and
Safety
1
Total number of Credits 66
According to the above score sheet, one expects to qualify for a Gold Star GREENSL
Rating.
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References
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
2004,ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004,
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
2005,ASHRAEGuideline 0-2005 The Commissioning Process, Atlanta: ASHRAE.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,
2007,ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,
Atlanta: ASHRAE.
Dzantor, E.K., 1999, Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: What It Is and How To Do It,
Maryland Cooperative Extension, Fact Sheet 757, University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland.
Glassman, J., Kanegawa, B., Lee, D., and Martinez, A., 2009, Grey Water Systems, Engineers
for a Sustainable World, Stanford University, California
GREEN Building Council Sri Lanka, 2012, GREENSL
Rating System For Built Environment
Version 1.0, Green Building Council Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP), 2003, Concepts
and options for determining energy savings in new construction, Vol. 3.
Rodriguez, J, 2012, Low-Flow Fixtures, Available at:
http://construction.about.com/od/Green/a/Low-Flow-Fixtures.htm, Accessed on the 28th
of
September 2012.
Somaratne, S and Weerakoon, S.R., 2012, A Comprehensive Study on Phytoextractive
Potential of Sri Lankan Mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern.&Coss) Genotypes, WorldAcademy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 61, pp. 1266-1270
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority, 2009,Code of practice for energy efficient buildings
in Sri Lanka, Colombo: Design Systems.
http://construction.about.com/od/Green/a/Low-Flow-Fixtures.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Green/a/Low-Flow-Fixtures.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Green/a/Low-Flow-Fixtures.htm7/30/2019 Assignment-Green building-case study
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Annexes