Attendance System 1

8/12/2019 Attendance System 1

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POLITICS and GOVERNANCE

with CONSTITUTION

(Lecture 1)

Prepared by: Raizza Corpuz


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OBJECTIVES

To understand the basic concept of political

science

To develop a critical way of thinking in

interpreting Politics and Government.

To evaluate how they know and understand

the topic


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LAW, JUSTICE and RIGHTS

Human Rights

Social Justice

The Rule of Law

Ethics of Law


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Legal System

According to Raymond Wacks ( 2008), legal

system lies in the heart of any society protecting

RIGHTS, imposing DUTIES and establishing a

framework for the conduct of almost every

social, political, and economic activity.

It endeavors to achieve JUSTICE, promote

freedom and uphold the rule of law and protect

security.


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POLITICAL SCIENCE(De Leon, 1999)

Systematic study of state and government

POLITICAL-derived from the Greek wordPOLIS meaning a city or the sovereign state

SCIENCE- comes from the Latin SCIRE-meansto know


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SCIENCE of POLITICS

1. It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the

state and the principles and ideals which underlie

its organization and activities.

2. It is primarily concerned with the association ofhuman beings into body politic or in a political

community.

3. It deals with those relations among men and groups

which are subject to control by the state with the

relations of men and groups to the state itself and

the relations of the state to other state.


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PEOPLE

POLITICS

GOVERNANCE

CONSTITUTION


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INTERPRETATION of the DIAGRAM

PEOPLE as the FOCAL of all areas of POLITICS,GOVERNMENT and CONSTITUTION because it

is the human individual who is the revolving

actor of the state, it is to people why there is

an existent laws.

The right is vested to and it simply denotesthat the he/she is the main actor and the

recipient of the basic REASON why law exists.


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SCOPE of POLITICAL SCIENCE

1. Political Theory- the entire body of thedoctrines relating to the form, behaviorand

purposes of the state are dealt with in this

study

2. Public Law- the

a. Organization of governments

b. Limitations upon government authorityc. Powers and Duty of government offices and

officers


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Stages in the Study of Political Science

Religious Stagethe government, itsleadersand laws was considered as divine or divinely

inspired.

Metaphysical Stage the state wasconsidered as a human institution and it is

therefore absolute (cannot be changed).

Modern Stage the state was deemedcapable of being improved by rulers and

subjects according to certain principles and

laws.


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DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Aristotle wrote Politics, the first systematic work on

political affairs.

Father of Political Science

Niccolo Machiavelli

wrote The Prince, a handbook for rulers in

the art of government.

Father of Modern Political Science Prof. Francis Lieber

wrote Manual of Political Ethics; the first

systematic treatise in political science


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Theories of State Origin

Divine Theory the state is of divine origin, allpolitical authority emanates from God.

Social Contract Theory - this theory states that

men agreed among themselves to live under onecivil society or body politic. A person surrenderedhis natural liberty but gained in return theprotection and civil rights guaranteed by thegovernments.

Force Theorythe state has arisen through sheerforce; a tribe conquering other tribes to form akingdom.


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What is a state?

A group of persons,more or less numerous,

permanently occupying a definite portion of

territory, independent of external control,

and possessing a government to which a

great body of inhabitants render habitual

obedience.


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Elements of a State

People

Territory Government

Sovereignty


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What is the difference between

Nation and State?

State is a legal or juristic concept, while

Nationis an ethnic or racial concept.

Nasci = to be born indicates a relation ofbirth or origin and implies a common race.

Thus, a nation may comprise several statesExample: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon, Jordan,

etc. belong to Arab nation.


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What is the difference between

Nation and State?

It is also possible for a single state to be

made up of more than one nation, e.g. US

which was the melting pot of many

nations that were eventually combined

into the Americannation


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A. People

Different meanings as used in the 1987Constitution:

Inhabitants (sec. 2, Art III; sec. 1, Art. XIII); Citizens (sec. 1 & 4, Art II; sec 7, art. III);

Electors (sec. 4, Art. VII)

As a requisite for Statehood, there

should be an adequate number for self-sufficiency and defense; of both sexes forperpetuity.


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What is the Difference between Citizenship

and Nationality?

Cit izenship

Legal or juristic

Can be

changed ortaken-back

National i ty Ethnic or racial

Absolute,

Innate


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B. Territory

The National Territory

Sec. 1, Art. I: The national territory comprises the

Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and

waters embraced therein, and all other

territories over which the Philippines has

sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of itsterrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including

its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the

insular shelves, and other submarine areas.


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Components of Philippine Territory :

1. Terrestrial = land

2. Fluvial = internal waters

3. Aerial domains = aerospace

4. Marine = external waters bothsurface and sub-aquatic


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C. Government

The agency or instrumentality through

which the will of the State is formulated,

expressed and realized.

Our Constitution, however, requires our

government to be democratic andrepublican.


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C. Government

Section 1, Art II.The Philippines is a democraticand

republican State. Sovereignty resides in the

people and all government authority emanates

from them.

REPUBLICAN

It is one wherein all government authorityemanates from the people and is exercised by

representatives chosen by the people.


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C. Government

DEMOCRATICThis emphasizes that the Philippines has some

aspects of direct democracy such as initiative and

referendum.

Initiative -- Initiative" is the power of the

people to propose amendments to the

Constitution or to propose and enact

legislations through an election called for thepurpose.

Referendum-- is the power of the electorate

to approve or reject a legislation through an

election called for the purpose


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D. Sovereignty

The supreme and uncontrollable power

innate in a State by which that State is

governed.

Sovereignty resides in the people and all

government authority emanates from

them. (Sec. 1 Art.II)


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Duties of the State

Peace and Order

Political Harmony (GoodLaws)

Social Justice Economic Development


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REFERENCES

Political Law, Isagani Cruz

Philippine Constitution De Leon, 1997Chan Robles Virtual Law Library

Law Phil Project

Great Political Theories

Documents

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