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Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
Aviation Safety Program (AvSAFE)
Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) Research
Celeste M. Belcastro, Ph.D.Principal Investigator for IVHMNASA Aviation Safety Program
Phone: 757-864-6182e-mail: [email protected]
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
Outline
• Research Motivation• IVHM Long-Term Mission and Goals• IVHM Technical Plan
– 5-Year Objectives– Technical Areas– Integrated Technology Development
• IVHM Project Summary
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
Potential Problems to be Addressed:• Full Understanding of Degradation/Failure/Damage/Effects Physics for Aircraft Propulsion, Flight Systems, and
Structure Currently Does Not Exist• Integrated Validated Technologies for Prevention, Detection, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Mitigation of In-Flight
System and Component Malfunctions, Failures, and Damage in Legacy and Future Aircraft are needed• Full Understanding of Hazard Physics, System Effects, and Mitigation Methods for Engine and Airframe Icing,
Lightning and EMI, and Ionizing Radiation Does Not Exist• Need Enabling Technologies to Support the Transition to More Effective Condition-Based Maintenance• Inability to Perform V&V of IVHM Technologies in Flight with Multiple Failures
IVHM Research Motivation - National Interests & Goals (1)
National Need:• Reduce Aircraft System and Component Failures that
Cause and Contribute to Accidents & Incidents in Legacy and Future Aircraft
– System and Component Failures is a Significant Causal and Contributing Factor in Aircraft Accidents across all Vehicle Classes
• Significant Causes are Improper Maintenance, Fatigue/Failure, and Unknown
– System and Component Malfunctions and Failures is the Largest Contributor to Transport Aircraft Incidents
• Reduce Environmental Hazards that Cause and Contribute to Accidents & Incidents in Legacy and Future Aircraft
– Icing in Engines and on Airframe– Detonation Properties and Inerting of Future Fuels
• Identify and Address Emerging Threats to Aircraft Safety
– Lightning and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)– Single Event Effects from Ionizing Radiation
Improve Aircraft Safety
System & Component Failures
Icing Fuel
Worldwide Jet Airplane Accidents from 1959 through 2004 (Boeing Data)
2258 Fatalities
Fire
2524
3631
System & Component Failures and Onboard Hazards Contribute to 24% of Aircraft Accident Fatalities
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Research Motivation - National Interests & Goals (2)
Meeting the Needs of Legacy and Future Fleet Aircraft
• Net-Enabled Information Access• Performance-Based Services• Weather-Assimilated Decision Making• Layered, Adaptive Security• Broad-Area Precision Navigation• Trajectory-Based AircraftOperations• “Equivalent Visual” Operations• “Super Density” Operations
National Need:• Avionics with High Levels of Autonomy are Required for
Future Aircraft– Sensing, Control, Communications, Navigation– Prognostic Health Management and Self-Healing Systems– Support New Concepts in Air Traffic Management– Support Enhanced Flight Deck Technologies– Support Extended Operational Envelopes
• 4-D Flight Path Prediction and Tracking• Aircraft Self-Separation• Simultaneous Precision Approaches on Multiple Runways
• Routine Operations in Adverse Weather Conditions– Wake Vortex Location and Strength Prediction and Sensing– Robustness of Flight Control to Turbulence and Wind Shear – Robustness of Avionics to Lightning Strikes
Aircraft Technologies to Support Safe Implementation of the Next Generation Air Transportation System
Potential Problems to be Addressed:
• High-Integrity Autonomous Flight Systems are Required– New Levels of Safety and Reliability– New Levels of Functional Redundancy and Robustness
• Prognostic Health Management & Self-Healing System Technologies are Needed
• Understanding of Lightning Effects on Critical Systems and Structures for Routine All-Weather Operations is Needed
– Comprehensive Damage Modeling & Simulation Methods– Damage Effects Assessment Methods
• Inability to Perform Full In-Flight Validation Prior to NGATS Implementation
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Long-Term Mission and Goals
Goals:
• Reduce system and component failures as causal and contributing factors in aircraft accidents and incidents
• Provide continuous on-board situational awareness of vehicle health state for use by the flight crew, ground crew, and maintenance depot
Mission:
• Develop technologies to determine system/component degradation and damage early enough to prevent or gracefully recover from in-flight failures in the NGATS environment
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Project Objectives: First 5-Years
Objectives:
• Develop tools and techniques to:
– Determine the health state of subsystems (airframe, propulsion, electrical power, avionics including flight control system, complex electromechanical systems) such that the health state of the entire vehicle can be determined for accurate prognosis
– Diagnose coupled degradation/malfunction/failure/hazard conditions and predict their effects on vehicle safety
– Mitigate damage/degradation/failures in-flight
• Develop a public database and testing capabilities for IVHM technologies
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
Technical Approach
Approach:• Develop and employ virtual and real sensors to assess
subsystem states• Couple state awareness data with physics-based and data-driven
models to diagnose degradation and damage caused by environmental hazards and electro/thermo/mechanical failures
• Integrate sub-system information to provide diagnostics and prognostics for the entire vehicle, including using data from one subsystem to provide information for another
• Develop locally-controlled mitigation techniques to extend safe operation time
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Future Concept of Operations
• Provide continuous on-board situational awareness of vehicle health state for use by the flight crew, ground crew, and maintenance depot • Reduce system and component failures as causal and contributing factors in aircraft accidents and incidents
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Research Areas
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Integrated Continuous Onboard Vehicle Health State Assessment
and Management
Onboard Environmental Hazard Detection and Effects Mitigation
IVHM System Technologies
Airframe
Propulsion
Aircraft Systems
Icing Architectures and Databases
Verification and Validation
Integration & Assessment
Lightning and EMI/EMC
Ionizing Radiation
Integrated IVHM Technology Development
Propulsion Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics, &
Mitigation
• Static and dynamic response of engines with failures in flight conditions and maneuvers
• Available thrust & performance margin determination for various levels of fatigue and component failures
• High-Temperature Sensors• Feature extraction & Anomaly
detection• Diagnostic/prognostic reasoning• Failure mitigation
Propulsion Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics, &
Mitigation
• Static and dynamic response of engines with failures in flight conditions and maneuvers
• Available thrust & performance margin determination for various levels of fatigue and component failures
• High-Temperature Sensors• Feature extraction & Anomaly
detection• Diagnostic/prognostic reasoning• Failure mitigation
Structural Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics, & Mitigation
• Static and dynamic response of fatigued and damaged structure to flight conditions and maneuvers
• Residual strength determination for various levels and location of fatigue and damage
• Sensors and Sensory materials• Feature extraction & Anomaly detection• Efficient computational algorithms• Diagnostic reasoning• Predictor/Corrector Prognostics with
sensor data updates• Load margin determination• Failure mitigation methods
Structural Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics, & Mitigation
• Static and dynamic response of fatigued and damaged structure to flight conditions and maneuvers
• Residual strength determination for various levels and location of fatigue and damage
• Sensors and Sensory materials• Feature extraction & Anomaly detection• Efficient computational algorithms• Diagnostic reasoning• Predictor/Corrector Prognostics with
sensor data updates• Load margin determination• Failure mitigation methods
Failure Testing & Modeling
• Aircraft Systems & Components• Structural Components• Engine and Components
On-Board Vehicle-Wide Health State Reasoning & Performance Assessment• Integrated Diagnostics and Prognostics as a Function of Flight Conditions, Hazards, and Maneuvers• Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Mitigation of Correlated Unanticipated Failures and Malfunctions• On-Line Assessment of IVHM Performance and Confidence Metrics
− Detection Probability− False Alarm Probability
• Development of Control Limits/Constraints to Prevent Further Component Fatigue and Failure
On-Board Vehicle-Wide Health State Reasoning & Performance Assessment• Integrated Diagnostics and Prognostics as a Function of Flight Conditions, Hazards, and Maneuvers• Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Mitigation of Correlated Unanticipated Failures and Malfunctions• On-Line Assessment of IVHM Performance and Confidence Metrics
− Detection Probability− False Alarm Probability
• Development of Control Limits/Constraints to Prevent Further Component Fatigue and Failure
Accident & Incident Database & Emerging Safety Concerns
• System and Component Malfunctions and Failures
• Environmental Hazards
Environmental Hazard Testing & Modeling
• Icing• EMI/EMC• Ionizing Radiation
• High-fidelity failure data• Experimental test data
Refinements to test plans
RisksHazardsScenarios
Aircraft System Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics,
& Mitigation
• Analysis of underlying malfunction and failure characteristics and effects in flight conditions and maneuvers
• Achievable performance determination
• Feature extraction• Anomaly detection• Function monitoring• Diagnostic and prognostic
reasoning• Malfunction & failure mitigation
Aircraft System Analysis, Diagnostics, Prognostics,
& Mitigation
• Analysis of underlying malfunction and failure characteristics and effects in flight conditions and maneuvers
• Achievable performance determination
• Feature extraction• Anomaly detection• Function monitoring• Diagnostic and prognostic
reasoning• Malfunction & failure mitigation
RisksHazards
Scenarios
Integrated Flight Simulations• System and Component Malfunctions
and Failures• Environmental Hazards
• High-fidelity hazard data• Experimental test data
Environmental Hazard Analysis, Diagnostics,
Prognostics, & Mitigation
• Analysis of underlying hazard characteristics and effects
• Specialized Sensors• Feature extraction &
Anomaly detection• Diagnostic and
prognostic reasoning• Hazard Mitigation
Environmental Hazard Analysis, Diagnostics,
Prognostics, & Mitigation
• Analysis of underlying hazard characteristics and effects
• Specialized Sensors• Feature extraction &
Anomaly detection• Diagnostic and
prognostic reasoning• Hazard Mitigation
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time step (50 ms data frames)
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Closed-Loop Tests
Closed-Loop Tests
Refinements to test plans
Integrated Failure and Hazard Testing
IRAC• Failure Mitigation Using Flight Control•Failure Mitigation Using Engine Control
•Active Airframe Structure Control
IVHM Architecture
IVHM Databases IVHM Databases
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program IVHM Research IVHM Research
IVHM Project Summary
• NASA IVHM Research Challenges– Development of Computationally Efficient Failure/Degradation Physics Models for Inclusion in
Diagnostics and Prognostics• Improved Accuracy and Confidence in Health State Assessment
– Inclusion of Hazard Effects into Diagnostics and Prognostics• Improved Accuracy and Robustness in Adverse Operating Conditions
– Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Diagnostics and Prognostics• Improved Accuracy and Performance for Coupled Failure Mechanisms
– Architecture and Algorithms for Near-Continuous Onboard Health State Assessment• Reduction of In-Flight Malfunctions and Failures
– Locally Controlled Failure and Hazard Mitigation• Reduced Effects of Onboard Malfunctions and Failures
– IVHM Technology Database• Models, Data Sets, Algorithms, etc.
• Integration of IVHM and IRAC, IIFD, AAD, and Other ARMD Technologies– Integrated Flight/Engine/Airframe Control for Extended Life and Degradation/Failure Accommodation– Enhanced Crew Situational Awareness of Aircraft Health State– Adaptive Diagnostics and Prognostics that include Degradation Physics and Maintenance Scheduling– IVHM Technologies for Advanced Subsonic, Supersonic, and Hypersonic Configurations– Integration of Vehicle Health State Information into Operations in the NAS
• Broad Range of Industry Participation Anticipated– RFI Released in January 2006 Resulted in Many Responses– Anticipate Partnerships through Space Act Agreements – Would Like to Facilitate Development of Consortia for Collaborations