Entameoba histolytica: disease caused, action EntAmoeba causes Amoebic dysEntery.Action: histo (cell) lytic (burst), so it bursts cells.Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Clostridium difficile: disease caused "Difficult to be in a Closet with someone having explosive foul smelling diarrhea, because it would smell and there would be no air in there.Clostridium Difficile causes explosive foul smelling diarrhea and is an anaeorbe (no air).Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Pneumonia: acute pneumonia infiltrates from different causes "Pyrogenic=PMN, Miscellaneous=Mononuclear":Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria: PMN infiltrate.Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes: Mononuclear infiltrate.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Klebsiella details You tell the patient: "Get UPS you fat alcoholic":UTIPneumoniaSepsisFat capsuleGet up=nonmotile since no flagella.Alcoholic=commonly seen in alcoholic and nosocomial patients.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Pseudomonas details · See diagram of patient.Patient: bug commonly infects nosocomial.Oxygen tank: oxidase positive.IV bag: has glucose and lactose, so its OK to give because its a nonlactose fermenter.Why giving oxygen? Because it commonly caused pneumonia.IV in the arm: supposed to signify sepsis.The foley: UTI.Burn on his foot: can infect burns.

Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Leprosy: early signs diagnostic criteria "LEProsy":Loss of sensation in affected skin/ Loss of function (paralysis)Enlargement of affected superficial nerves (tender too)Positive identification of M. leprae under microscopeShow Details / Rate It ---Gani P.   Kidney transplant virus "Borrowed Kidney":BK virus is associated with kidney transplants.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Endotoxin features ENDOTOXIN:Endothelial cells/ EdemaNegative (gram- bacteria)DIC/ DeathOuter membrane

TNFO-antigenX-tremely heat stableIL-1Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxisShow Details / Rate It ---Rinku Uberoi UNIBE   Mycobacterium tuberculosis: culture identification "Rough, Tough, Buff":Rough: colony isn't smooth but rough like breadcrumbs.Tough: colony stuck to plate well, and tough to remove.Buff: buff is a color, a cream/coffee shade.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Vibrio: motility "Vibrio Vibrates":Vibrio is a genus of actively motile bacteria.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

Gram+: bacterial cell wall · Gram+ has:+hick pepidoglycan layer.+eichoic acid in wall.Show Details / Rate It ---Gilvano Amorim Oliveira Universidade de santo Amaro- São Paulo Brasil.   Listeria: motility Istanbul sounds like Listambul = list + tumble.Listeria has tumbling motility.Show Details / Rate It ---Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel   Staphylococci: novobiocin test to distinguish coagulase negative staphylococci Staph epidermidis stays away from the novobiocin disc like an epidemic.· Therefore, epidermidis is sensitive to novobiocin.Staph saprophyticus, much friendlier, comes up to the disc and says, "'sap?'" [short for "whassup?", ie "what's up"].· Therefore, saprophyticus is novobiocin resistant.Show Details / Rate It ---Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel   Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: classic presentation "Sore throat, Face bloat, Pi$$ coke":Sore throat: 1 week agoFace bloat: facial edemaPi$$ coke: coke-coloured urine· Alternatively, short version: "Throat, bloat and coke".Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Streptococci: classification by hemolytic ability Gamma: Garbage (no hemolytic activity).Alpha: Almost (almost lyse, but incomplete).Beta: Best (complete lysis).Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Streptococci: Quellung reaction: positive sign, Strep type confirmed "Quell-lung":Quell: Capsules swell [+ve test].Lung: S. pnuemonia [type confirmed].· You get pneumonia in your lung.Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   E. coli: diseases caused in presence of virulence factors DUNG:DiarrheaUTI

Neonatal meningitisGram negative sepsis· Dung, since contract E. coli from dung-contaminated water.Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Streptococcus pyrogenes: antibody SPAM:Streptococcus Pyogenes: Antibody to M protein.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused SOFT PAINS:Skin infectionsOsteomyelitisFood poisoningToxic shock syndromePneumoniaAcute endocarditisInfective arthritisNecrotizing fasciitisSepsisShow Details / Rate It ---Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine   Gram staining: mechanism "Murein gets the red out" [Allusion to an old eye-wash slogan]:Peptidoglycan (aka murein) remains purple during Gram staining. The Gram negatives, devoid of murein, are red.Thus, murein prevents redness and are purple (positive).Show Details / Rate It ---Caoimhín P. Connell Industrial Hygienist HIV infection: high-risk groups HIV:Homosexuals/ HemophiliacsIV drug abusersShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Trichomaniasis: features · 5 F's:FlagellaFrothy dischargeFishy odor (sometimes)Fornication (STD)Flagyl (metronidazole) RxShow Details / Rate It ---Rinku Uberoi   Nematodes: ones spreading by egg ingestion "ATE eggs":Ascaris LumbricoidesTrichuris trichuiraEnterobius vermicularisspread by ingestion of eggs (vs skin invasion or insect bite)Show Details / Rate It ---Leena Alexander Texas, USA   Food poisoning: bugs inducing "Eating Contaminated Stuff Causes Very Big Smelly Vomit":E. coli O157-H7 [undercooked meat, esp. hamburgers]Clostridium botulinum [canned foods]Salmonella [poultry, meat, eggs]Vibrio parahaemolyticus [seafood] Bacillus cereus [reheated rice]Staphylococcus aureus [meats, mayo, custard]Clostridium perfringens [reheated meat]Vibrio vulnificus [seafood]Show Details / Rate It ---Joel Camilo Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic   B19 virus: at-risk groups B19 affects 3 B's:

Babies (5th disease, infectiousum erythematosa)Black Bleeders (sickle cell anemics - anaplastic anemic crisis)Bearing Babies [pregnant women] (hydrops fetalis)Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor University of Florida - College of Medicine   IgA protease-producing bacteria "Nice Strip of Ham":NeisseriaStreptococcus pneumoniaHaemophilus influenzaShow Details / Rate It ---Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine   Hemophilius: culture requirements Read Hemophilus as "HemoFive":· Needs Heme with Factors Five and Ten.Show Details / Rate It ---Dr. Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwal   DNA viruses: morphology rule of thumb DNA:Double-strandedNuclear replication'Anhedral symmetry· Rule breakers: pox (cytoplasmic), parvo (single-stranded).Show Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors SMASHED:StreptolysinsM proteinAnti-C5a peptidaseStreptokinaseHyaluronidaseExotoxinDNAsesShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Gram positive stain Gram PositivesStain Purple (violet-blue)because of their thick Peptidoglycan layerShow Details / Rate It ---JuP University of Washington Common cold: viral causes "Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is PRIMArily caused by":ParamyxovirusesRhinovirusesInfluenza virusesMyxovirusesAdenovirusesShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused NIPPLES:Necrotising fasciitis and myositisImpetigoPharyngitisPneumoniaLymphangitisErysipelas and cellulitisScarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSSShow Details / Rate It ---Dr. Harsh Sharma   Picornavirus: features PICORNAvirus:Positive senseICOsahedral

RNA virusShow Details / Rate It ---Dr. Khawaja Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, Gujranwala   Neisseria: fermentation of N. gonorrhoeae vs. N. meningitidis Gonorrhoeae: Glucose fermenter only.MeninGitidis: Maltose and Glucose fermenter.· Maltose fermentation is a useful property to know, since it's the classic test to distinguish the Neisseria types.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   RNA viruses: negative stranded "Orthodox Rhabbi's Party Around Fine Bunnies":OrthomyxoRhabdoParamyxoArenaFilo BunyaShow Details / Rate It ---Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR   RNA viruses: positive stranded "Pico Called Flavio To Return Renzo's Corona":PicornaCaliciFlaviTogaRetroReoCoronaShow Details / Rate It ---Rodolfo Chirinos Universidad Central del Caribe, PR   Endocarditis: lab results suggesting it "High Tech Lab Results Point At Endocarditis":HematuriaThrombocytopeniaLeukocytosis, -peniaRed blood cell castaProteinuriaAnemiaElevated ESRShow Details / Rate It ---David Lucey University College Dublin   Endocarditis: causes of culture negative endocarditis "With Negative Tests, Investigators Should Focus Attention Somewhere Meaningful":Wrong diagnosisNoninfectious endocarditisTiming (cultures drawn at end of chronic course)obligate Intracellular organismsSlow growing fastidious organismsFungal infectionAntibiotic used previouslySubacute right-sided endocarditisMural endocarditisShow Details / Rate It ---David Lucey University College Dublin   Endocarditis: indications for surgery PUS RIVER:Prosthetic valve endocarditis (most cases)Uncontrolled infectionSupporative local complications with conduction abnormalitiesResection of mycotic aneurysmIneffective antimicrobial therapy (eg Vs fungi)Valvular damage (significant)Embolization (repeated systemic)

Refractory congestive heart failureShow Details / Rate It ---David Lucey University College Dublin   Meningitis: risk factors "Can Induce Severe Attacks Of Head PAINS":CancerImmunocompromised stateSinusitisAge extremesOtitisHead traumaParameningeal infectionAlcoholismInfections (systemic, esp. respiratory)Neurosurgical proceduresSplenectomyShow Details / Rate It Influenza infection: clinical manifestations "Having Flu Symptoms Can Make Moaning Children A Nightmare":HeadacheFeverSore throatChillsMyalgiasMalaiseCoughAnorexiaNasal congestionShow Details / Rate It ---David Lucey University College Dublin   UTI-causing microorganisms KEEPS:KlebsiellaEnterococcus faecalis/ Enterobacter cloacaeE. coliPseudomonas aeroginosa/ Proteus mirabilisStaphylococcus saprophyticcus/ Serratia marcescensShow Details / Rate It ---Kok Fai Kong University of Auckland   Psedomonas aeruginosa: features AERUGINOSA:AerobicExotoxin ARod/ ResistanceUTIs, burns, injuriesGreen-blue dressingsIron-containing lesionsNegative gramOdor of grapesSlime capsule sometimes (in CF pt)Adherin piliShow Details / Rate It ---Joyce Egbe   Toxoplasma gondii: manifestations "My Cat Eats Mice":Mononucleosis-like illnessChorioretinits/ Congenital infectionEncephalitisMyocarditisShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Chlamydia: elementary vs. initial body location Elementary: ExtracellularInitial: Intracellular

Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Trypanosoma brucei: disease caused "I went on a TRYP to AFRICA":TRYPanosoma brucei causes AFRICAn sleeping sickness.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   RNA enveloped viruses FORT ABC, Puerto Rico:Flavivirus/ FiloOrthomyxoRetroTogaArenaBunyaCoronaParamyxoRhabdoShow Details / Rate It ---Sung Hoon Kim El Paso, TX   Teratogens: placenta-crossing organisms ToRCHeS:ToxoplasmaRubellaCMVHerpes simplex, Herpes zoster (varicella), Hepatitis B,C,ESyphilis· Alternatively: TORCHES: with Others (parvo, listeria), add HIV to H's, Enteroviruses.Show Details / Rate It ---Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN   E. coli: major subtypes, key point of each "HIT by E. coli outbreak":EnteroHemorrhagic:· HUS from HamburgersEnteroInvasive:· Immune-mediated InflammationEnteroToxigenic:· Traveller's diarrheaShow Details / Rate It ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin   Obligate anaerobes: members worth knowing ABC:ActinomycesBacteroidesClostridiumShow Details / Rate It ---Sung Hoon Kim El Paso, TX Urease positive organisms PUNCH:Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)Ureaplasma (renal calculi)NocardiaCryptoccocus (the fungus)Helicobacter pyloriShow Details / Rate It ---Dr. Enrique Cifuentes Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara   Vaccines: types STARK:SubunitToxoidAttenuated [live]RecombinantKilled [inactivated]Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor

  AIDS pathogens (T-cell suppression) worth knowing "The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse":Toxoplasma gondiiM. avium intracellularePneumocystis cariniiCandida albicansCryptococcus neoformansTuberculosisCMVCryptosporidium parvumShow Details / Rate It ---Robert Brown UTHSCSA MS2   Tetanus: treatment for infection SAD RAT:SedationAntitoxinDebridementRelaxantAntibioticTracheostomyShow Details / Rate It ---Felix Fandiñola West Visayas State University, Philippines   Placenta-crossing organisms/ antenatal Infections STARCH:SyphilisToxoplasmosisAIDS (HIV)RubellaCMVHerpes/ HepatitisShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Typhus: Epidemic Typhus: etiologic agent, vector ePidemic typhus:Etiological agent: Rickettsia Prowazekii.Vector: Pediculus corporis (human body louse).· This is in contrast to Endemic typhus.Show Details / Rate It ---Joel Camilo Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic   Capsulated bacteria "Some Bacteria Have An Effective Paste Surrounding Membrane Yielding Pseudo Fort, Bypassing Killing":Strep pneumoniaBacteroidesH. influenzaAnthrax (B. anthracis)E. coliPasteurellaSalmonellaMenigitidis (N. Menigitidis)Yersinia pestisPseudomonasFrancisellaBrucellaKlebsiellaShow Details / Rate It ---Michel Nawfal   Hepatitis: transmission routes "Vowels are bowels":Hepatitis A and E transmitted by fecal-oral route.Show Details / Rate It ---F.G. Madbak University of Kentucky College of Medicine   Capsulated microbes "Some Nasty Killers Have Some Capsule Protection":

Streptococcus pneumoniaeNeisseria meningitidisKlebsiella pnemoniaeHaemophilus influenzaeSalmonella typhiCryptococcus neoformansPseudomanas aerigenosaShow Details / Rate It ---Dr. Bijita Banerjee and Sabry Kamel University of Calcutta, West-Bengal, India and Not Specified   Pneumonia: causes: gram negative vs. gram positive Gram Negatives (eg coliforms) are responsible mainly for Nosocomial pneumonia.Gram positives (eg strep pneumonia, staph) are thus more responsible for community acquired pneumonia.Show Details / Rate It ---Fahed Al-Daour Medical Student Meningitis: most common organisms NHS:Neisseria meningitidisHemophilus InfluenzaeStreptococcus pneumonia·The cause of the most Severe meningitis is Streptococcus.· Note: NHS is an acronym for National Health Service in several countries.Show Details / Rate It ---Fahed Al-Daour Med student   Syphilis vs. H. ducreyi (chancroid): which ulcer is painful "In du-crey-i, you do cry (because it is painful)":In H. ducreyi, the ulcer is painful, in syphilis the ulcer is painless.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Diphtheria toxin properties ABCDEF:A/B-type toxin. Made byCorynebacterium diphtheriae, which binds toEF-2 (elongation factor 2).Show Details / Rate It ---J. Wild Georgetown School of Medicine   RNA viruses: negative stranded "Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication":ArenaBunyaParamyxoOrthomyxoFilo Rhabdo· Note: Negative RNA viruses need there own polymerase.Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Picorna viridae: members PEECoRnA (Picorna is pronounced 'pee-corna')PoliovirusEchovirusEnterovirusCoronavirus"R'novirus" (Rhinovirus)Hepatitis AShow Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor   Streptococcus pneumoniae: diseases caused COMPS:ConjunctivitisOtitis mediaMeningitisPneumoniaSinusitisShow Details / Rate It

---Anonymous Contributor   Catalase positive organims SPACE:Staphylococcus aureusPseudomonasAspergillusCandidaEnterobacter Show Details / Rate It ---Anonymous Contributor