BALTIC SEA REGION EXPERIENCES IN RELATION

TO PORT AND MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA

Habil. Dr., Prof. Vytautas PAULAUSKAS

Klaipeda university

INTRODUCTION• Sea motorways as a part of the logistic chain

and short sea shipping • Sea Motorways as good transport and

logistics links between regions and cities. • Sea motorways are new adding system to the

transport network.• Sea motorways would serve best for the

interests of the Countries, regions and cities.

BALTIC SEA REGION

POPULATION AND TURNOVER IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION

Region Population, mil.

Turnover in ports, mil. tons

Denmark, South Sweden 8 60

North Germany 12 30North Poland 6 45Lithuania 3,5 32Latvia 2,6 52Estonia 1,5 42Russia (St.-Petersburg reg)

8 45

South Finland 3 37Central Sweden 3 20

REGIONS CLAUSE TO THE BALTIC SEA

Regions Population, mil. Distance to Baltic sea, km

West Germany 30 500Benelux Countries 26 400Central and East Germany

20 250

Central Poland 10 350Belarus 10 500Central Russia 30 1000North-West Russia 5 600Central and North Finland

3 300

North Sweden 2 200Norway 2 500

METHODICS OF EVALUATION

• Correlation GDP>Trade>Transport• Population and industry concentration

in the Baltic Sea region• Regions clause to the Baltic Sea which

have real influence on the Baltic sea transport system

• For more detailed investigations can be used multi-criteria evaluation methods

THE BASIC ELEMENTS FOR THE MULTI-CRITERIA FORECASTS

• GDP forecasts for the countries;• European export and import forecasts (values at

constant prices) for the relevant countries;• Calculation of import and export for the different

commodity groups for each country;• Projection of trade flows based on calculated for all

commodities and all countries (volumes), differentiated for exports and imports;

• Technical possibilities on selected directions;• Geographical, hydro meteorological and other

conditions on concrete directions.

FREIGHT VOLUMES IN EUROPE

MAIN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS AROUND BALTIC SEA

MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA, WHAT IT IS?

• Important part of the European transport system

• Important element of the Logistics centers and supply chains network

MAIN TASKS MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA

• Link transport corridors• Optimize transportation costs• Minimize transportation time• Avoid bottlenecks on the inland

transport systems• Minimize cargo stops during

transportation process• Link transport means and logistic

centers

EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CORIDORS (SEA MOTORWAYS) (STATUS)

MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ELEMENTS

• Technical part– Ports, shipping lines (ships), terminals, axes to

the terminals, logistics centers• Technological part

– Effective cargo handling and transport means changing systems

• Organization part– Co-operation between partners on transport

directions (in regions) (network)• Legal part

– Unified regulations, documents, etc.

KLAIPEDA PORT

RO-RO TERMINAL IN KLAIPEDA

RO-RO PASSENGER TERMINAL IN TALLINN PORT

MAIN SEA TRANSPORT CORRIDOS IN BALTIC SEA (SHIPPING LINES)

NEW SHIPS ON SEA MOTORWAYS (SHIPPING LINES)

POSSIBLE CORRIDORS ALTERNATIVESON BASIS MOTORWAYS OF SEA

NEW SITUATION IN EAST BALTIC

East Baltic ports hinterland

• Extends from the East Baltic sea coast up to Ural;

• Including:– Baltic Countries– Belorus;– West and Central Russia– North Ukraine;– Partly Middle Asia Countries;– Fare East Countries;

RO-RO TURNOVER IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 – 2005

Port 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Klaipė-da

158942 177475 144619 101315 116185 134735 127800 153550 144250 150150

Riga 15396 14868 21211 17847 10460 10884 19173 38716 39303 31850

Liepoja 20429 29462 27148 20444 20856 25173 29263 33627 30231 23400

Tallinn 273659 318105 174700 185170 225200 245200 242900 264800 145800 154000

Total 468246 539910 367678 324776 372701 415992 419136 490693 359584 359400

RO-RO TURNOVER IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 – 2005

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Metai

Vnt.

Klaipeda RygaLiepojaTalinasViso

CONTAINERS IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 - 2005

Port 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Klaipėda 39057 36736 32328 28668 39955 51675 71589 118366 174241 214307

Riga 141408 132559 129580 85911 84928 101077 127459 132074 152166 168978

Tallinn 45678 54585 55473 65246 76692 78072 87912 99440 113081 127585

Ventspils - - 862 195 207 - 1044 3688 292 1044

Kaliningrad - 654,0 10875 14100 16280 21313 27871 44687 72094 112528

Sankt Peterburg

121833 145886 165200 188200 209730 480659 580639 656183 776576 1119346

TOTAL 349134 373988 399447 386364 431070 734532 896514 1056441 1288450 1743788

CONTAINERS IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 - 2005

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

2000000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Metai

TEU

Klaipeda Ryga Talinas Ventspilis Kaliningradas Sankt Peterburgas Viso

SEA MOTORWAYS LINK SYSTEMS

►No system in all►Bridge system in sea part►Network system in sea part►Bridge system in sea and shore►Network system in sea and

shore

TRANSPORT CORRIDORS (SEA MOTORWAYS) LINK POINTS

• Ports terminals• Logistics centers• Inter modal terminals• Railway stations• Transport corridors crossing places

MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA LINK TC (DFDS NETWORK)

EAST – WEST TRANSPORT CORRIDOR

• Main pointsNorth

South: Germany, Poland

HUB Taulov Själland Skåne

EsbjergBlekinge/Karlshamn/Karlskrona

Vilnius

North Sea regionUK

France, BeNeLux

Moscow/China/Asia

Minsk/Kiev/OdessaBlack Sea Region

Klaipeda/Kaliningrad

Kaunas Siauliai

LINKS BETWEEN DIRRECTIONS

Ro-Ro ferry voyage time between Karlshamn, Karlskrona and South-Eastern Baltic ports.

Port 16 knots 20 knots 24 knots

Klaipeda 43 h = 1,8 d. 38 h = 1,6 d. 34 h = 1,4 d

Kaliningrad 46 h = 1,9 d. 41 h = 1,7 d. 36 h = 1,5 d.

Liepaja 43 h = 1,8 d. 38 h = 1,6 d. 34 h = 1,4 d.

NEW LINKS

TRANSPORTATION TIME• North Sweden – Karlshamn – 20 – 35 h• Karlshamn – Klaipeda – 15 – 10 h• Klaipeda – Minsk – 12 – 15 h• Minsk – Moscow – 12 – 15 h• Minsk – Kiev – 10 – 14 h

• TOTAL: Moscow – 60 – 74 h (55 – 70 h)Kiev – 58 – 72 h (54 – 68 )

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF EVALUATION

• MAIN FORMULA

)( 44332211 KkKkKkKkE k ⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅=η

∑ ⋅= iii qmK

pchs qmqmqmK ⋅+⋅+⋅= 3211

maxSSq i

s =

j

i

EE

=Δ )1(1i

pi QP −=

η

Complex evaluation factors• price with weight coefficient 0,20 - 0,40;• time with weight coefficient 0,15 -0,30;• safety with coefficient 0,15 - 0,25;• hydro metrological conditions in with weight

coefficient 0,05 - 0,10;• border crossing with weight coefficient 0,05

– 0,08 (after 1st of May safety control according ISPS Code);

• other factors with weight coefficient 0,05 –0,10.

Evaluation of the transports corridors (Sea Motorways)

Factors and weights Transport corridor use Ro-Ro ferry via

Karlshamn

Transport corridor use Ro-Ro ferry via Kiel

Inland transport corridor via Poland

Price factor 0,85 0,84 1,0

Weight of the price factor 0,35 0,35 0,35

Time factor 0,62 0,75 1,0

Weight of the time factor 0,20 0,20 0,2

Safety factor 0,988 0,985 1,0

Weight of the safety factor 0,25 0,25 0,25

Hydro-meteorological factor 1,0 1,0 0,95

Weight of the hydro meteorological factor

0,1 0,1 0,1

Border crossing factor 1,0 1,0 0,93

Weight of the border factor 0,05 0,05 0,05

Other factors 1,0 1,0 1,0

Weight of the other factor 0,05 0,05 0,05

Correlation coefficient 0,95 0,95 0,95

TOTAL 0,914 0,937 1,043

Voyage Vilnius – Hanover investigation results

Transport corridor

Time on one direction,

hours

Costs (basis prices), EURO

Safety factor: Positive

probability

Use Ro-Ro ferryKlaipeda –Kiel

36 998 0,988

Inland transport corridor via Poland

48 1200 0,973

Use Ro-Ro ferry line via Karlshamn

38 1020 (1250) 0,985

DIFFICULTIES IN NORTH PART OF THE BALTIC SEA (ICE)

ICE CONDIDIONS

PORT OF HELSINKI IN WINTER

ICE SITUATION IN BALTIC 1720 - 2004

050

100150200250300350400450

1720

1734

1748

1762

1776

1790

1804

1818

1832

1846

1860

1874

1888

1902

1916

1930

1944

1958

1972

1986

2000

x 1

00

0 k

m2

MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA PERSPECTIVES

• MoS tasks implementation and execution

• Link transport corridors in ports and Logistic centers (Inter modal terminals)

• Solve bottlenecks of the shore transport corridors

• Increase supply chains effectiveness• Increase Countries and Regions

economics activity

MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ADDITIONAL POSSIBILITIES

• Influence on new cargo flows creation• Influence on new Inter modal terminals

and Logistic centers development• Transportation optimization on basis

more effective transport means use• Creation of the new transport direction

OPTIMAL TRANSPORT MEANS AND NEW TRANSPORT DIRECTIONS

Conclusions• Motorways of the Sea make first steps

and start play important role in Europe• Baltic Sea region intensive, where

Motorways of the Sea can assist optimize logistics (supply) chains

• Motorways of the Sea can influence on changes existing supply systems and transport directions.

• Motorways of the Sea can assist to activate economics of the regions and Countries.