Basic Plant Breeding

8/13/2019 Basic Plant Breeding

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/basic-plant-breeding 1/6

AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/14/34)

BASIC PLANT BREEDING (BBD 2614) – MADAM FARRAH NAZUHA MANSOR

DIPLOMA IN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY (3/12/34)

HOM WORK QUIZZ S

SOLVING COMPLETE DOMINANCEPROBLEMS AND DESCRIBING

DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN TRANSGENIC

TECHNOLOGY PLANT BREEDING

PROGRAM

BASIC PLANT BREEDING

(BBD 2614)

Azizi Bin Ahmad 3123006961





AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/14/34)



So, the percentage of red fruit plant (complete dominance) : 7/16 RR +

1/8 Rr x 100 = 56.25%

(d) RR (red fruit) x rr (white fruit)

F1 Rr x Rr (self pollinate)

F2 1/4 RR 1/2 Rr 1/4 rr

F3 1/4 RR 1/2 (1/4 RR 1/2 Rr 1/4 rr) 1/4 rr

1/4 RR 1/8 RR 1/4 Rr 1/8 rr 1/4 rr

3/8 RR 1/4 Rr 3/8 rr

F4 3/8 RR 1/4 (1/4 RR 1/2 Rr 1/4 rr) 3/8 rr

3/8 RR 1/16 RR 1/8 Rr 1/16 rr 3/8 rr

7/16 RR 1/8 Rr 7/16 rr

F5 7/16 RR 1/8 (1/4 RR 1/2 Rr 1/4 rr) 7/16 rr

7/16 RR 1/32 RR 1/16Rr 1/32 rr 7/16 rr

15/32 RR 1/16 Rr 15/32 rr

Pheno-

typic

ratio : 17 : 15

(Complete



AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/14/34)



Dominance)

TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY VS CONVENTIONAL PLANT BREEDING

(a) Briefly explain the importance of transgenic technology.

in toxicology: as responsive test animals (detection of toxicants); in mammalian developmental genetics; to introduce human genes into other organisms (particularly human) for the

study of disease processes; in molecular biology, the analysis of the regulation of gene expression; in the pharmaceutical industry, the production of human pharmaceuticals in

farm animals ("pharming"); targeted production of pharmaceutical proteins,drug production and product efficacy testing;

in biotechnology: as producers of specific proteins; genetically engineered hormones to increase milk yield, meat production;

genetic engineering of livestock in agriculture affecting modification of animalphysiology and/or anatomy; cloning procedures to reproduce specific bloodlines;

to speed up the introduction of existing characters into a strain/breed forimprovement and modification;

developing animals specially created for use in xenografting, ie. modify theantigenic make-up of animals so that their tissues and organs can be used intransfusions and transplants.

improving plants - new plant varieties have been produced using bacterial orviral genes that confer tolerance to insect or disease pests and allow plants totolerate herbicides, making the herbicide more selective in its action againstweeds and allowing farmers to use less herbicide; modifying other importantcharacteristics of plants such as the nutritional value of pasture crops or theoil quality of oilseed plants like linseed or sunflower.

(b) What is the final product obtained from transgenic technology?



AZIZI BIN AHMAD <3123006961> (1/14/34)



Transgenic animals & plants or organisms (microbes such as bacterias etc);

genetically modified crops & genetically engineered animals (GMOs).

(c) Differentiate between transgenic technology and plant breeding program.

Less specific - to conventionally breed a new plant variety two closely related

plants are ―sexually crossed‖ and by randomly mixing genes. The aim is tocombine the favourable traits from both parent plants and exclude their

unwanted traits in a singular new and better plant variety. However, the

progeny of this first cross inherit a mix of genes from both parent plants and

so both positive and negative traits may be inherited.

Slower – the process called ‗back-crossing‘ takes place over a number of

generations, which usually means a number of years, until the progeny have

all the desirable traits and none of the negative ones of the original two parent

plants.

Less flexible – selective breeders cannot use genes from unrelated plants

and sometimes other organisms into a new variety. This means breeders

have a limited access in using a wider choice of genetic diversity to develop

new plant varieties.

More costly - traditional plant breeding may also use ‗wider crosses‘ that

involve crossing species or even genera that are quite unrelated. These

crosses cannot occur without help and human assistance – so sophisticated



Documents

Basic Plant Breeding