Outline:- Introduction History Characteristics of Biometrics Working Principle of Biometrics Classification of Biometrics System Accuracy Comparison of Various Biometrics Technology Applications Conclusion

Introduction

What is biometrics?

Why biometrics?

Levels of Security

History

The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese played a large role in biometrics history.

Biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing being used in china in the 14th century.

Bertillon developed a technique of multiple body measurements .

A system called “Indentimat” which measured shape of the hand and length of fingers was introduced in 1970s.

Characteristics of Biometrics

Any human characteristic can qualify as a biometric characteristic as long as it satisfies the following requirements:-

Universality

Distinctiveness

Permanence

Collectability

Working of Biometrics System

Classification of Biometrics

1. Physiological – related to shape of the body. Fingerprint Facial recognisation Hand geometry Iris recognisation

2. Behavioral – related to the behavior of the person. Speaker recognisation Signature recognisation Gesture recognisation

Fingerprint Recognisation

A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger.

Ridge ending, ridge bifurcation and minutiae points. Algorithm is developed to distinguish whorl, arch and loop.

Face Recognisation

Analyze the unique shape, pattern and positioning of the facial features.

Face recognition is non-intrusive. There are about 80 peaks and valleys on a human face.

Continues……

A face recognition system consists of the following modules:- Sensor module. Face detection and feature extraction module. Classification module.

A face detection algorithms can be divided into three categories according to

Knowledge-based methods. Feature invariant approaches. Template-based methods.

Hand Geometry

Based on a number of measurements taken from the human hand.

The technique is very simple, relatively easy to use, and inexpensive.

The physical size of a hand geometry-based system is large.

Iris Recognisation

The iris of each eye of each person is absolutely unique. This even applies to identical twins.

Have over 200 unique spots and highly accurate technology. The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1 in 1.2

million.

Speaker Recognisation Uses individual’s voice for recognisation purposes. Voice sample. Depending on authentication domain Fixed text method. Text dependent. Text independent.

Signature Recognisation

Measures and analyze the physical activity of signing. Banking or finance related applications.

Multimodal Biometrics System

It utilize more than one physiological or behavioral

characteristic for enrollment, verification or identification.

This system takes advantage of the capabilities of each

individual biometric.

It can be used to overcome some of the limitations of a

single biometrics.

Gesture Recognisation

Use of motions to communicate. Interact naturally without any mechanical devices. Depth-aware cameras. Stereo cameras. Controller based Gestures.

System Accuracy

Accuracy or performance of biometric systems is measured with three factors:-

False acceptance rate (FAR)

False rejection rate (FRR)

Equal Error Rate (EER)

System Accuracy Curve

Misidentification Rate

Method Coded Pattern Misidentification Rate

Iris Recognition Iris pattern 1/1,200,000

Fingerprinting Fingerprints 1/1,000

Facial Recognition Outline, shape and distribution of eyes and

nose1/100

SignatureShape of letters, writing

order, pen pressure

1/100

Voice printing Voice characteristics 1/30

Comparison of Biometrics Technology

Biometrics Universality

Uniqueness

Permanence

Collectability

Performance

Acceptability

Circumvention

Fingerprint M H H M H M H

Face H L M H L H L

Hand geometry

M M M H M M M

Iris H H H M H L H

Voice M L L M L H L

Signature L L L H L H H

Applications

1. Eye-gazed System:-

The Eye gaze Edge uses the pupil-center/corneal-reflection method to determine where the user is looking on the screen.

Portable Eye gaze System Mounted on Wheelchair

2. Television Controlled by Hand Gestures:-

Canesta 3D sensor CMOS Chip Technology

3. Mimi Switch:-

It uses infrared sensors.

It stores and even interpret data.

Can be used as a safety measure.

4. Controller Free Gaming:-

Project Natal is the name for a controller free Gaming.

Using gestures and spoken commands.

Depth Sensor.

Conclusion

Biometrics is an emerging area with many opportunities for

growth.

Not to remember passwords.

User friendliness.

A new way to interact with devices.

References

1. A. Jain et al: “BIOMETRICS: Personal Identification in Networked Society”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN0-7923-8345-1.

2. S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, “Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns”, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 33-42, 2003.

3. http:// www.biometrics.org/

4. http://www.biometricsconsotorium.com

5. http://www.howstufworks.com

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCEyHiLxuC8

THANK YOU

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