Bioinoculants in Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Management

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Bioinoculants in plant growthpromotion and disease

management

M. ALAMM. ALAM

Microbiology & Plant PathologyDivision, CIMAP, Lucknow



The crop production by conventional

agriculture system could not keep pace

with the pace of human population

increase. To maintain the productivity

sufficient for human consumption, modern

agriculture system was evolved whereinorganic fertilizers and highly effective

chemicals are commonly used . But they

are not a long-term solution to the crop,

human and animal health andenvironment because their intensive and

indiscriminate use posed many serious

problems.



Deleterious effect of chemical pesticides

I)Development of resistant strains of the pathogen:

ii)Build up of harmful residues in the edible plants:

"Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children" A report of

National Research Council of the National Academy of

Sciences (1998) concluded that: ³People in this age groupcould be at considerable health risk from consumption of

foods containing pesticide residues´

iii)Non-target side effect of beneficial micro flora

iv)Environmental pollution :

According to WHO estimate every year approx. 7.5 lakh

people get sick due to pesticide poisoning14000 die in

agony.



To avoid such problems, attention have been

diverted towards the use of beneficial andeffective microorganisms as bioinoculant for

improvement in the productivity and disease

management. They are a distinct possibility for

the future and can be successfully exploited inmodern agriculture without affecting our

precious ecosystem.



Bioinoculant

Preparations containing active strains of

microorganisms in sufficient numbers

PGPR & N-Fixing Bacteria

Actinomycetes

AM Fungi

Antagonistic Fungi



BIO

INOCULANT

Streptomyces

N2 Fixing

BacteriaRhizobium, Azotobactor

Azospirillum

AM FungiTrichoderma

Paecilomyces

P. Fluorescens

B. subtilis



Functions of Bioinoculant

Improve soil quality& soil health

Enhance crop production andprotection,

Conserve natural resources, and

Ultimately create a more sustainable

agriculture and environment



Beneficial microorganisms Can fix atmospheric nitrogen,

Decompose organic wastes residues and

detoxify pesticides,

Suppress plant diseases and soil-bornepathogens,

Enhance nutrient cycling, and

Produce bioactive compounds such as

vitamins, hormones and enzymes that

stimulate plant growth.



Bioinoculant act by Fixing atmospheric nitrogen,

Decomposing organic wastes residues and

detoxifying pesticides,

Suppressing plant diseases and soil-borne

pathogens,

Enhancing nutrient cycling, and

Producing bioactive compounds such asvitamins, hormones and enzymes that

stimulate plant growth.



Mycorrhiza

By solubilizing insoluble phosphorus andmakes available to the plant.Thus enhance the

plant growth.Compete for nutrition with other soil micro-

organisms and there by suppress their growth.

Occupy root surface to check infection byother pathogen.

Induce resistance in the host against

pathogens.



Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

(PGPR)

* Reducing population of the pathogen by

producing siderophore, lytic enzymes etc.

� Preventing the pathogen from court of infection

on the plant

� Limiting disease development after infection



Streptomyces

A ct by antibiosis throughproduction of powerfulantibiotic & lytic enzymes.

Compete for the nutrition



Bioinoculant Requirements Presence of suitable substrate and

Optimum conditions for metabolizing

their substrates

Including available water, oxygen(depending on whether the micro-

organisms are obligate aerobes or

facultative anaerobes),

pH and temperature of their environment



OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Isolation, identification and screening of potent

bioinoculant

Application and determination of their competitive

ability and survival proliferationSelections and their evaluation individually or in

combinations

Evaluation and optimization of inoculum doses

Development of methods for mass production

Testing of the product for growth and disease

management



Effect of G. aggregatum treatment on the growth of Java

citronella

Treatments

Growth

No. of

tillers

Herb Yield

(g)

Root Yield

(g)

Oil Content

(%)

Ga (T1) 9 35.0a 32.2a 1.44a

15 d Ga + Pa (T2) 6 27.6b 20.4b 1.35a

Sim Ga + Pa (T3) 5.5 16.2c 8.0c 0.98c

Pa (T4) 2.5 12.6c 5.6c 0.92c

Untreated

Control (T5)8 22.6b 17.2b 1.18b



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

Chlorosis

2 weeks 4 weeks 8 weeks

anagement of chlorosis in Java citronella by slip

treatment with G. agg regatum

Ga (T1)

15 d Ga + Pa

(T2)

Sim Ga + Pa

(T3)

Pa (T4)

Untreated

Control (T5)

Chlorosis of Java Citronella



E f f e c t of G

. a g gr e g a t um an d

P . a ph ani d er m a t um t r e a t m en t on t h eN ,P a

an d a ci d p

h o s ph a t a s e a c t i v

i t y of J av a ci t r on e

l l a

0 5 1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

Ga (T1)

15 d Ga +

Pa (T2)

Sim Ga +

Pa (T3)

Pa (T4)

Untreated

Control

(T5)

mg g-1 dw

S h o o t

R o o t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

G a ( T 1 )

1 5 d G a + P a

( T 2 )

S i m G a + P a

( T 3 )

m g g - 1

0 2 4 6 8 1 0

1 2

1 4

1 6

Ga (T1)

15 d Ga + Pa

(T2)

Sim Ga + Pa

(T3)

Pa (T4)

Untreated

Control (T5)

mg g-1 dw

S h o o t

R o o t

0 5 1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

Ga (T1)

15 d Ga +Pa (T2)

Sim Ga +Pa (T3)

mM p nitroph m-1 mg-1







A potential strain of Streptomyces showing antagonistic

activity against plant pathogens

C. acutatum

S. sclerotiorum

C. cassicola







Soil Samples Medi

a

Colonies/g

soil

Colonies characters

Geranium (3) N A 8x10-6 small, circular with yellow center &white border

PAM 17x10-6 small, circular, yellow

Geranium (5) N A 7x10-6 small, white, circular with roughends

PAM 3x10-6 white, circular and little larger thanthat on NA

Geranium(11)

N A 6x10-7

10x10-7

1-large, circular, light yellow center;

2-very small,white,circular

PAM 8x10-7 1-large,circular,light brown in center

Geranium(13)

N A 9x10-6

20x10-6

1-large,circular, light brown in center& white outside;

2-small,white, circular

PAM 10x10-6

7x10-6

1-large,circular, light brown in center

2-small,white, circular

Isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the soilIsolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the soil



Antagonistic activity of different Bacillus strains

against pathogenic fungi

B3 vs C. acutatum & C. capsici B2 vs C. andropogonis and R. solani

B2 vs A. alternata & C. acutatum

B1 vs A. alternata, C. acutatum

F. monaliformae & R. solani









Bacillus

IBA

C

Effect of Bacillus on the growth of geranium cuttings





Performance of Bacillus strain B1

Geranium

Chlorophytum

Early Root Initiation

Enhanced

Root

Biomass

Promote

Plant

Growth

Enhanced

Biomass





Influence of bioinoculant onthe productivity of Geranium

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

C o n t r o l

G A

A 1 a l o n

e 1 P s

f 1 T h

1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Control GA + Psf1+

A1

GA+ Psf1

+A1 +

1

GA+ Psf1

+A1

+

1+Th1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

C o n t r o l

G A

+ P s f 1

G A

+ A 1

G A

+ 1

G A

+ T h 1



Bioinoculant increases herb yield

of Geranium

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Control GA +GM GA +GF GA +GF+GM

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

3 5 0

40 0

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

3 5 0

40 0

C o n t r o l G A G M G F





ControlGA+PSF+A1

Eff ect o f bioinoculant on the growth o f geranium



AM fungal infection in the roots of geranium



Influence of Bioinoculant on the growth of

Bacillus

Psf

GA+B1+ Th1



Influence of PGPRs on the productivity of Safed Musli

Treatment No.offingers/pl

ant

Plantfresh wt.

(g)

Finger

Fresh wt.

(g/ Plant)

Control 9.7 45.0 19.3

IB A 10.7 48.6 26.3

Unknown(Drench 13.3 49.5 28.4

B1 7.7 49.7 20.5

Psf 14.7 52.6 35.3

Unknown (foliar) 13.0 52.1 28.7

Unknown + B1 11.0 76.1 33.5

Unknown + Psf 8.7 42.7 21.7

Gibberlic A cid 9.7 48.8 24.7

G A

3 + Unknown 8.3 47.0 20.3



0

20

40

60

80

100

Wilt (%)

C o n t r o l

R .

s o l a n i

1 5 d p r

S i m

5 d p o

0

20

40

60

80

C o n t r o l

R . s o l a n i

1 5 d

r S i m

5 d

o

Shoot Biomass (g)

01

23

45

C o n t r o l

R .

s o l a n i

1 5 d p r

S i m

5 d p o

Shoot P content (mg/g)AM Colonization

Effect of G lomus aggregatum on the biomass, root colonization and P content of

pyrethrum in presence of R. solani



Control

Bacillus



Treatments Disease incidence Effectiveness

Uninoculated Control

Inoculated ( R. solani )

Absent

Severe

---

---

�G lomus aggregatum

21 days prior

Simultaneous

6 days after

Absent

Mild

Severe

Highly effective with full protection

Partially effective

No effect

B Streptomyces sp.

21 days prior

Simultaneous

6 days after

Severe

Mild

Severe

No Effect

Partially Effective

No Effect

C. Bacillus sp.21 days prior

Simultaneous

6 days after

Absent

Mild

Severe


Partially Effective

No effect

D. Chemical (Ridomil mancozeb)

21 days prior

Simultaneous

6 days after

Severe

Absent

Mild

No effect


Partially effective

Management of wilt disease of pyrethrum by bioinoculants and chemical treatment



Management of pyrethrum wilt byManagement of pyrethrum wilt by G . aggregatumG . aggregatumtreatmenttreatment

Control R. solani G. Aggregatum + R. solani Root colonization by

G . aggregatum





THANKS

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Bioinoculants in Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Management