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Biomolecules
Making Polymers
Carbon is the one element needed for the creation
of life Carbon has 4 bonding sites making it important because of the bonding abilities When carbon is linked to itself it is said to be a carbon skeleton Carbon based molecules are considered Organic molecules. Non-carbon based molecules are considered Inorganic molecules
Making Polymers
Biomolecules are made up of smaller piecesMonomer: A small molecular unitPolymer: Monomers linked togetherThere are 4 main polymers or
Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Building PolymersBuilding Polymers Breaking PolymerBreaking Polymer
To make a polymer, monomers are chained together
Each linkage made requires water out of the chain
Dehydration reaction= monomer+monomer= release of water
To break down polymers, monomers are removed
Each linkage broken requires water into the chain
Hydrolysis reaction= Polymer-monomer+water= two parts
Building and breaking Polymers
LE 3-3
Short polymer
Dehydrationreaction
Unlinked monomer
Longer polymer
Hydrolysis
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule.
EX. Glucose Fructose Galactose
One sugar molecule can be in a chain or ring form
LE 3-4b
Glucose Fructose
Structuralformula
Abbreviatedstructure
Simplifiedstructure
Glucose
Glucose is a main source of cellular energyThe carbon skeleton can also be used to build
other moleculesGlucose is also used to create larger
macromolecules.
Structuralformula
Abbreviatedstructure
Simplifiedstructure
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides can be linked together using a dehydration reaction to create a disaccharide
Ex. Glucose+fructose=
sucrose Glucose+Glucose=
maltose
Glucose Glucose
Maltose
Polysaccharide
Long polymer chains made up of a chain of simple sugars
EX. Starch= found in plant cells and is a long chain of
glucose Glycogen= found in animal cells and is a long chain of
glucose that is branched Cellulose= found in plant cells and is a long chain of
glucose that are linked together with hydrogen bonds
Sugar molecules are hydrophilic
Starch granules inpotato tuber cells
Glycogengranules inmuscletissues
Cellulose fibrils ina plant cell wall
Cellulosemolecules
GLYCOGEN
CELLULOSE
STARCHGlucose
monomer