SUBTOPIC 5.1 : UNDERSTANDING MITOSISLearning outcomes (LO):5.1.6Arrange the various stages of mitosis and cytokinesis

5.1.7Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in animal cell and plant cell.

5.1.85.1.9Explain the importance of controlled mitosisExplain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living things

5.1.10Describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in cloning

5.1.11Explain the advantages and disadvantages of cloning.

Bombastic words:1. Benign tumor2. Malignant tumor3. Clonning4. Explan

5.1.6 Arrange the various stages of mitosis and cytokinesis1. Draw the diagram of nucleus in each mitosis stages. Complete the process in each stages.PROPHASE

O1 spindle fibreC - ________________C&E __________________________________________

O2 chromatidC ____________________________

O3 nucleolusC ___________________________

O4 nuclear membraneC- _________________________C&E ____________________________

METAPHASE

O chromosomesC _____________________________C&E ____________________________R - ________________________________

ANAPHASE

O1 spindle fibreC _________________________C&E _______________________

O2 sister chromatidC ____________________________C&E _________________________R ____________________________________________________

TELOPHASE

O1 spindle fibresC ____________________

O2 chromatidC ______________________

O3 nuclear membraneC _________________________________________________________R1 _______________________R2 ____________________________

2. Understanding Cytokinesis

D- __________________________________________________________________

E _________________________________________________________________

S ____________________________________________________________________

Diagram Explanation

Animal cell

In animal cell, __________filaments in the cytoplasm contracts to pull a ring of plasma membrane ___________.

Forming a groove called a _________________________ .

Plant cell

In plant cell, membrane-enclosed vesicles gather at a plant cells equator between the two nuclei

The vesicles fuse to form a ____________.

The cell plate grows outwards until its edges with the plasma membrane of the parent cell.

5.1.7. Comparison cytokinesis in animal and plant.

Similarities:

Both cytokinesis is the process _______________________________________________________.

Differences:

Cytokinesis in animal cellCriteriaCytokinesis in plant cell

Reaction happened/ Structure involveMembrane- enclosed vesicles gather at plant cell equator that fuses to form cell plate.

TerminologyCell plate

Direction of cytokinesis

New plasma membraneNew structure forms afterward

The differences of cytokinesis process between animal cell and plant cell1.

2.

3.

4.

Characteristics : A pinched of cytoplasm at the cells (Cr) equator. Function : separate the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells (F)

Cleavage furrow(N)

Cleavage furrow is a process of a ____________________________________________ to separate the cytoplasm to form ____________________________________.

Process cytokinesis in plant.

O: cell plateC: grows outwards until its edgesCE1: the cell plate enlargesCE2: contact with plasma membraneR : cellulose fibres are produced by the cells to strengthen the new cell walls.

Explain process of cytokinesis in plant.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain the process of cytokinesis in plant cell.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.1.8 Importance of controlled mitosis.

a) When the cell cycle operates normally, the mitotic cell division will function at optimal rate. This can produce sufficient cells which are needed by organisms for growth, maintainace and repair.

b) Generally, when uncontrolled mitotic division occurs, a group of cells is known as a tumour forms. There are two kinds of tumours; a benign and malignant.

5.1.9 Effect of uncontrolled mitosis.

CBACancer is a disease which is formed by uncontrolled growth of tissue which is develops after normal cells are exposed to factor W.

Explain the formation of this cancerous tissue.

OC:cells divide uncontrolledCE:too much exposure to carcinogenic sources / radiation/ X-ray/ preservatives food/ harmful chemical substanceCE:disturb the cell cycle process/ systemCE:cells do mitosis uncontrolledCE: cell compete with normal cells to obtain sufficient nutrient, spaces and energyR1:will form mass of cells called tumorR2: tumor cells destroying neighboring cells

Cancer are formed by uncontrolled growth of tissue. It happens because too much_________________________________________________________ and it will disturb the cell___________________. Cells will do_________________. So cell compete with normal cells to ___________________ nutrient, _____________ and____________. It will form _____________ called ___________. Tumor cells ______________________________.

5.1.10 : APPLICATION OF MITOSIS1. The diagram below shows the sequence in the cloning process. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

New cloned rabbit (genetically identical with the ____________ rabbit)Embryo is ____________ into surrogate motherDiploid nucleus is removedSomatic cell (2n)___________ (n) nucleus is removed using UV lightEgg cell without a _________An unfertilized ____________ is taken from ovaryWHITE RABBIT (Egg cell donor)BLACK & WHITE RABBIT(somatic cell donor)_______ (2n) nucleus is inserted into empty egg cellEgg cell contains diploid nucleusEarly embryo

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues of living organisms in a suitable and sterile _______________, containing nutrients and growth hormones. 3. The figure below shows the in vitro tissue culture technique. Complete the flow chart below.

Cells in the _________ develop into embryos and later into plantletsA small piece of tissue that is root or ____________, is taken from the carrotPlant cells divide by _________ to form a callusThe ____________ is placed onto the culture mediumPlantlets are then transferred to the _______ and grow into adult plants.

5.1.11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING.

5.Complete the graphic organizer regarding the advantanges and disadvantanges of cloning below.

CloningProduce a ______number of genetically identical young plants in a short time.Cloned plants and animals give better and increased _________ for example, better and more fruits, milk and meat.Cloning prevents endangered species from ___________Clones do not show any _________________All clones have the same level of ________ towards certain diseases.prevent the process of _____________If the ___________ environment changes, then the clones will not surviveAdvantagesDisadvantages