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Biostatistics Certification in Medico-Legal Expertise
Dr. Konstantine K. Zakzanis, Ph.D., C.Psych.,C-CAT(MB) Professor
Department of Psychology | University of Toronto Scarborough Consulting Neuropsychologist | Psychologist
Program Chair
types of evidence
1. Case study
2. Epidemiological research
3. Correlational method
4. Experiment
5. Meta-Analysis
types of evidence
Case study
case study
Case study
Historical and biographical information on a single individual
Providing detailed description
Case study as evidence
Generating hypotheses
case study: an example
John Harlow and executive disorder, 1848 In place of the diligent, dependable worker stood a foulmouthed and ill-mannered liar given to extravagant schemes that were never followed through. "Gage," said his friends, "was no longer Gage.”
types of evidence
Epidemiological research
types of evidence
Epidemiology
Study of frequency and distribution of a disorder in a population
Data are gathered about the the rates of a disorder and its possible correlates in a large sample or population
Provides a general pictures of a disorder
types of evidence: Epidemiology
Prevalence
Proportion of a population that has the disorder at a given point or period in time
Incidence
The number of new cases of the disorder that occur in some period, usually a year
Risk factors
Conditions or variables that, if present, increases the likelihood of developing the disorder
• Knowledge about risk factors can give clues to the causes of disorders
types of evidence
Correlational method
types of evidence
Measuring correlation
Correlation coefficient
-1.00 to +1.00
correlational method
Can you think
of an
example?
correlational method
Can you think of
an example?
correlational method
Can you think of
an example?
correlation method
types of evidence
Experiment
the experiment
Basic features
Experimental hypothesis
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Experimental effect
Statistical significance
Effect size
the experiment
single-subject experimental research
Reversal design
ABAB design
single-subject experimental research
Reversal design
ABAB design
types of evidence
types of evidence
Meta-Analysis
types of evidence
Meta-Analysis
types of evidence
Meta-Analysis
types of evidence
Meta-Analysis
types of evidence
Meta-Analysis
