BP12_Mineralogi11_BatuMulia

8/12/2019 BP12_Mineralogi11_BatuMulia

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BATU MULIA (gemstone)

BAMBANG PRIADI Teknik Geologi - ITB


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BATU MULIA (gemstone)

BAMBANG PRIADI Teknik Geologi - ITB


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Beberapa mineral dan batuan

dikenal sebagai batu mulia atau

gemstones.

berharga karena kenampakanalamnya atau setelah digosok.

Sifat fisik yang mempengaruhikualitas batu mulia kekerasan,

warna dan kilap.

GEMSTONES


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Gemstones are described by gemologistsusing technicalspecifications.

First, what is it made of, or its chemical composition:

= Diamondsfor example are made of carbon(C),= Rubies of aluminiumoxide (Al2O3).

Next, many gems are crystals which are classified by crystal

systemsuch as cubicor trigonalor monoclinic.

Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in.

For example diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are

often found as octahedrons.

Characteristics and classification
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Gemologyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Technical_terminologyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Technical_terminologyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chemical_compositionhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Carbonhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cubic_crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Trigonalhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Monoclinichttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_habithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_habithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Monoclinichttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Trigonalhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cubic_crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Crystal_systemhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Carbonhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chemical_compositionhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Technical_terminologyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Technical_terminologyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Gemology


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For example, rubyis the red variety of the species corundum,while any other color of corundum is considered sapphire.

Emerald(green), aquamarine(blue), bixbite(red), goshenite

(colorless), heliodor(yellow), and morganite(pink) are allvarieties of the mineral species beryl.

= Gems have refractive index, dispersion, specific gravity,

hardness, cleavage, fracture, and lustre.

= They may exhibit pleochroismor double refraction.

= They may have luminescenceand a distinctive

absorption spectrum.

http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg

http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Rubyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aquamarinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bixbitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php?title=Goshenite&action=edithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Heliodorhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Morganitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Berylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Refractive_indexhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Dispersion_(optics)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Specific_gravityhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardnesshttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Fracturehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Lustre_(mineralogy)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pleochroismhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Double_refractionhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Luminescencehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Absorption_spectrumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Absorption_spectrumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Luminescencehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Double_refractionhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pleochroismhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Lustre_(mineralogy)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Fracturehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cleavage_(crystal)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardnesshttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Specific_gravityhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Dispersion_(optics)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Refractive_indexhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Berylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Morganitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Heliodorhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php?title=Goshenite&action=edithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bixbitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aquamarinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ruby


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Material or flaws within a stone may be present as inclusions.

The gem may occur in certain locations, called the

"occurrence."


http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Inclusion_(mineral)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Inclusion_(mineral)


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and banded

MALACHITE

botryoidal


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CORRUNDUM RUBY

CORRUNDUM INORTOCLASE


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CORRUNDUM SAPPHIRE

(BURMA)


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EMERALD RUBY

SAPPHIRE AMETHYS

GEMSTONES


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OPAL TOPAZ

PERIDOT AQUAMARINE

GEMSTONES


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NATURAL OPALS


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GEMSTONES

Olivin / Peridot


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RUBY

GEMSTONES


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GEMSTONES


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Characteristics that make a stone beautiful or

desirable are

= colour,

= unusual optical phenomenawithin the stone,= an interesting inclusion such as a fossil,

= rarity,

= and sometimes the form of the natural crystal.

Value
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Optical_phenomenahttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Fossilhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Fossilhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Optical_phenomena


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Traditionally, common gemstones were classified intoprecious stones(cardinal gems) and semi-precious stones.

The first category was largely determined by a history of

ecclesiastical, devotional or ceremonial use and rarity.

Only 5( five) types of gemstones were considered

precious diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, and amethyst.

Rare or unusual gemstones, which occur so infrequently ingem quality that they are scarcely known, include andalusite,

axinite, cassiterite, clinohumiteand iolite.

Value
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Rubyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Andalusitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Axinitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cassiteritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Clinohumitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Iolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Iolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Clinohumitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cassiteritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Axinitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Andalusitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Rubyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamond


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BAHAN MENTAH (RAW MATERIAL )

GEMSTONES


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OPAL ditemui sebagai urat /

pengisi rekahan


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OPAL ditemui sebagai urat /

pengisi rekahan


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Adanya penemuan melimpah (terutama di Brazilia),menjadikan salah satu sifat amethys sebagaiprecious stone

(jarang/sulit didapat) menjadi berkurang, shg cenderung

dimasukkan dalam kelompok Sem i Precious Stones

AMETHYS(kecubung)termasuk Precious Stones

(bersama diamond,ruby, sapphire& emerald).


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AMETHYS(kecubung)

hadir sebagai urat/

pengisi rekahan


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AMETHYS(kecubung)

hadir sebagai urat/

pengisi rekahan


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AMETHYS(kecubung)

hadir sebagai urat/

pengisi rekahan


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EMERALDhadir

sebagai urat/ pengisi

rekahan


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PENDULANGAN BATUMULIADI SRILANGKA


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Untuk menjadi

menarik

perlu proses

(treatment)


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Gemstones are often treated to enhance the color or clarity ofthe stone. Depending on the type and extent of treatment, they

can affect the value of the stone.

Some treatments are used widely and accepted in practice

while others are not accepted.

1. Heat

When heated, yellow and white topaz turn differing shades of

pink or green. Amethyst, Aquamarine, Ruby, Tanzanite and

Topaz are often heated at high temperatures to enhance color

2. Radiation


http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/

Treatments applied to gemstones
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpghttp://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg


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2. RadiationMost blue topaz, especially the darker blues such as "London"

blue, has been irradiatedto change the color from white to

blue.

It is common to irradiate Aquamarine, London Blue Topaz,

Emerald, and Diamond as well as other stones. This treatment

brings out color and removes imperfections.

3a. Waxing/Oiling

Emeralds contain natural fissures that are sometimes filledwith wax or oil to disguise them. This wax or oil is also colored

to make the emerald appear of better color as well as clarity.

Emerald is oiled; turquoise is waxed


http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Topazhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Irradiationhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Irradiationhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Topaz


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3b. Dye (Coloring)

This is the most common treatment used. On clear stones, dye

may be visible in cracks that are darker than the rest of the

stone. Lapis and Rose Quartz are commonly dyed. Amethyst

and Citrine are often dyed. Black Onyx is permanently dyed in

normal processing.

4. Coatings

More recently, some gemstones have been enhanced with a

coating that changes the color and appearance of the gem.For instance, topaz is sometimes treated with a layer of

titanium dioxide that changes the color to golden with some

iridescence. Jasper is often dipped in petroleum products to

bring out color and to seal it.



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5. Fake stonesSome dealers will try passing off fake stones instead of natural

ones. If a stone looks too perfect it may be fake, irradiated or

dyed. Laboratory made products are known as synthetics.

6. Factors influencing esteemFactors influencing the esteem in which gems are held are

attractiveness, durability, rarity, fashion, and size.



http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpghttp://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg


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Synthetic corundums, including ruby and sapphire, are verycommon and they cost only a fraction of the natural stones.

Smaller synthetic diamondshave been manufactured in large

quantities as industrial abrasivesfor many years.

Synthetic and Artificial Gemstones


http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Synthetic_diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Abrasivehttp://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpghttp://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpghttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Abrasivehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Synthetic_diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundum


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GEMSTONES


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GEMSTONES

NATURAL OPALS

SYNTHETIC OPALS


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There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut

into gems with 50 species in common use. These include:

Agate

Alexandriteand other varieties of chrysoberyl

Amethyst(originally a "cardinal gem", but now no longer

so, since huge quantities were discovered in Braziland the

price plummeted)

Aquamarineand other varieties of berylChrysocolla, Chrysoprase, Diamond, Emerald, Feldspar

(moonstone)

Garnet, Hematite, Jade-jadeiteand nephrite, Jasper,

Kunzite

Gemstone List
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Agatehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Alexandritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysoberylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php?title=Cardinal_gem&action=edithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Brazilhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aquamarinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Berylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysocollahttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysoprasehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Feldsparhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Orthoclasehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Garnethttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Hematitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jadehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jadeitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Nephritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jasperhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Kunzitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Kunzitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jasperhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Nephritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jadeitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jadehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Hematitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Garnethttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Orthoclasehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Feldsparhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Emeraldhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Diamondhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysoprasehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysocollahttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Berylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Aquamarinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Brazilhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php?title=Cardinal_gem&action=edithttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Chrysoberylhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Alexandritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Agate


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There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut

into gems with 50 species in common use. These include:

Lapis lazuli, MalachiteObsidian, Olivine(Peridot) , Opal

(Girasol)

Pyrite,

Quartzand its varieties, such as tiger's-eye, citrine, agate,

and amethyst, Ruby, Sapphire,

Spinel, SugiliteTanzaniteand other varieties of zoisite

Topaz, Turquoise, Tourmaline, Zircon

Gemstone List
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Lapis_lazulihttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Malachitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Obsidianhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Olivinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Opalhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pyritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Quartzhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tiger's-eyehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Citrinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Agatehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Rubyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Spinelhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sugilitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tanzanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zoisitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Topazhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Turquoisehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tourmalinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zirconhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zirconhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tourmalinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Turquoisehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Topazhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zoisitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tanzanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sugilitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Spinelhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Sapphirehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Rubyhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amethysthttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Agatehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Citrinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tiger's-eyehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tiger's-eyehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Tiger's-eyehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Quartzhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pyritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Opalhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Olivinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Obsidianhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Malachitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Lapis_lazuli


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Minerals that infrequently occur in gem

quality form:

Andalusite,Axinite, Benitoite,

Bixbite(Red beryl)

Cassiterite, Clinohumite, Iolite, KornerupineNatural moissanite

Zeolite(Thomsonite)
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Andalusitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Axinitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Benitoitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bixbitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cassiteritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Clinohumitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cordieritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Kornerupinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Moissanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zeolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Zeolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Moissanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Kornerupinehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cordieritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Clinohumitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cassiteritehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bixbitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Benitoitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Axinitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Andalusite


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Artificial or Synthetic Materials used as

gems include:High-lead glass

Synthetic cubic zirconia

Synthetic corundum

Synthetic spinel

Synthetic moissanite

There are a number of Organic Materials

used as gems, including:Amber, Bone, Coral, Ivory

Jet (lignite)Mother of pearl

Ammolite- from fossils formed from the shells of

extinct

ammonites, pearl
http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Glasshttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cubic_zirconiahttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Spinelhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Moissanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amberhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bonehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Coralhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ivoryhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jet_(lignite)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Mother_of_pearlhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ammolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ammonitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pearlhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Pearlhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ammonitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ammolitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Mother_of_pearlhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Jet_(lignite)http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Ivoryhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Coralhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Bonehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Amberhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Moissanitehttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Spinelhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Corundumhttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Cubic_zirconiahttp://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Glass


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AMBER

as gemstone


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ORGANIC GEMS

AMBER

GETAH TANAMAN,SEJENIS DAMAR

AMBER ROOM

OF KING FREDERICK-I OF PRUSSIA,IN CHARLOTTENBURG


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DIAMOND

KENAMPAKAN INTAN DI LAPANGAN


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INTAN ditemukan di Martapurathn 2007 (Foto Sudjatmiko, 2008)



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Perhatikan perwakannya, apa sistem kristalnya??


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Diamond

crystal structure

consists offace-centered

cubic lattice.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_system


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http://jcrs.com/newsletters/2003/images/WorldDiamondMap.jpg

Intan


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http://www.c

kglobaldiamond.com/im

ages/properties-kim

berlite.png

Intan

(diamond)

terbentuk padazona dengan

tekanan tinggi

di mantel bumi,

terbawa naik

mendekati

permukaan oleh

aktivitas magmatik

sebagai komponendalamxenolith

(fragmen) yang

berkomposisi

kimberlitik.

Intan


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/VolcanicPipe.jpg

Intan

(diamond)

terbentuk padazona dengan

tekanan tinggi

di mantel bumi,

terbawa naik

mendekati

permukaan oleh

aktivitas magmatik

sebagai komponendalamxenolith

(fragmen) yang

berkomposisi

kimberlitik.


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http://www.ckglobaldiamond.com/images/properties-kimberlite.png

Intan(diamond) ditemukan

sebagai fragmen

(xenocryst) dalam batuan

berkomposisi kimberlitik.


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Diamond is prized highly as a gemstone

since it is the hardest naturally occurring

substance known

and is able to reflect light with fire

and sparklewhen faceted.

However, diamonds are far from rare with

millions of carats mined each year.

DIAMOND

KUA ITAS INTAN


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KUALITAS INTAN

KUALITAS INTAN


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4-CC-ut Potongan, unt memberi efek kilauC-olor Warna, intan tak berwarna

kemurnian komposisi terjaga

C-larity Kejernihan, tdk terkotori, tdk retak

C-arat Ukuran (berat atau dimensi)

KUALITAS INTAN

INTAN


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INTAN (DIAMOND)model potongannya (d iamond cut)

INTAN


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INTAN


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INTAN


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htt // di d h

INTAN ( O )


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http://www.diamondexchange.com.

au/i/dxx/education/cut_chart.jpgINTAN (DIAMOND)model potongannya (d iamond cut)

INTAN (DIAMOND)


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http://www.twincitydiamonds.com/images/depthofdiamonds2complete_000.JPG



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CARATrefers to the weight of the diamond.

One carat equals 1/5 of a gram or 200 mgrs.

A five-carat diamond weighs one gram.

Diamonds weights are measured in carats orfraction of carats called points, with 100 points

equalling one carat or two-tenths (0.20) of a

gram (i.e. 142, one-carat diamonds would weighone (1) avoirdupois ounce).


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CARAT:A carat is a measurement used to signify the weight of

the diamond. It is the most precise of the four C's.Diamonds are weighed in metric carats; one carat

equals 1/5 gram or approximately 0.007 ounces. It

takes a little over 142 carats to equal 1 ounce. Every

carat is divided into 100 points. Therefore, a 50-pointdiamond is also called a carat. Diamond weight is so

precise that polished diamonds are weighed to a

thousandth of a carat and then rounded off to the

nearest hundredth (point).

Diamonds weighing less than 20 points are often calledmelee. Another term often used is the term grain, or

grainer.


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INTAN (DIAMOND)


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478 carats 84 carats

72 carats

INTAN (DIAMOND)Dimensi ; ukuran, berat

Koh I Noor (Mountain o f Light) dari India


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o oo ( ou a o g ) da d asemula 793 karat, setelah pemrosesan dll

menjadi 109 karatunt mahkota Ratu Inggris Inggris


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SEKIAN DULUuntuk minggu ini ada yg inginditanyakankah


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TERIMA KASIH


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Documents

BP12_Mineralogi11_BatuMulia