Bremen School District 228 Social Studies Common Assessment

3: Fall CRT

Minority Studies

80 Minutes – 50 Questions

Directions: There are four historical documents in this test and 20 multiple choice questions that match to these documents. Following are 30 multiple choice questions testing Minority Studies content knowledge and critical thinking skills. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. Written: Spring 2014 Authors: Ryan Honan, Andy Rybarczyk, Shawn Forst

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Document A: Autobiography of Malcolm X When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded Ku Klux Klan riders galloped up to our home in Omaha, Nebraska, one night. Surrounding the house…the Klansmen shouted threats and warnings at her that we had better get out of town because “the good Christian white people” were not going to stand for my father’s “spreading trouble” among the “good” Negroes of Omaha with the “back to Africa” preachings of Marcus Garvey. My father, the Reverend Earl Little, was a Baptist minister, a dedicated organizer for Marcus Aurelius Garvey’s U.N.I.A. (Universal Negro Improvement Association). . . . Garvey, from his headquarters in New York City’s Harlem, was raising the banner of black­race purity and exhorting the Negro masses to return to their ancestral African homeland—a cause which had made Garvey the most controversial black man on earth. . . [My father] believed, as did Marcus Garvey, that freedom, independence and self­respect could never be achieved by the Negro in America, and that therefore the Negro should leave America to the white man and return to his African land of origin. . . I remember seeing the big, shiny photographs of Marcus Garvey. . . The pictures showed what seemed to me millions of Negroes thronged in parade behind Garvey riding in a fine car, a big black man dressed in a dazzling uniform with gold braid on it, and he was wearing a thrilling hat with tall plumes. I remember hearing that he had black followers not only in the United States but all around the world, and I remember how the meetings always closed with my father saying, several times, and the people chanting after him, “Up, you mighty race, you can accomplish what you will!” Vocabulary Exhorting: encouraging Thronged: crowded Source: Excerpt from The Autobiography of Malcolm X, 1964, pp. 1­6. Malcolm X was a political activist who was a strong advocate for black rights. He initially advocated for black separatism but later moderated his views. He was assassinated in 1965.

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Document B: Letter to U.S. Attorney­General (Modified) Harry M. Daugherty, U.S. Attorney­General Jan 15, 1923 Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: (1) There are in our midst certain Negro criminals and potential murderers, both foreign and American born, who are moved by intense hatred against the white race. These undesirables continually to proclaim that all white people are enemies to the Negro. They have become so fanatical that they have threatened and attempted the death of their opponents, actually assassinating in one instance. (5) The U. N. I. A. is composed chiefly of the most primitive ignorant element of West Indian and American Negroes. The so­called respectable element of the movement are largely ministers without churches, physicians without patients, lawyers without clients and publishers without readers, who are usually in search of "easy money." In short, this organization is composed in the main of Negro sharks and ignorant Negro fanatics. (27) The Garvey organization, known as the U.N.I.A., is just as objectionable and even more dangerous as the KKK, inasmuch as it naturally attracts an even lower type of crooks, and racial bigots. (29) The signers of this appeal have no personal ends or political interests to serve. Nor are they moved by any personal bias against Marcus Garvey. They sound this alarm only because they foresee the gathering storm of race prejudice and sense the danger of this movement, which cancer­like, is eating away at the core of peace and safety ­­of civic harmony and interracial coexistence. The signers of this letter are: Robert S. Abbott, Chicago, editor and publisher of the "Chicago Defender." Dr. Julia P. Coleman, New York City, president of the Hair­Vim Chemical Co. William Pickens, New York City, field secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Chandler Owen, New York City, co­editor of "The Messenger" and co­executive secretary of the Friends of Negro Freedom. Robert W. Bagnall, New York City, director of branches of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

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Document C: Memo from J. Edgar Hoover (Modified) J. Edgar Hoover to Special Agent Ridgely Washington, D.C., October 11, 1919 MEMORANDUM FOR MR. RIDGELY. I am transmitting information that has come to my attention about the activities of Marcus Garvey. Garvey is a West­Indian negro and in addition to his activities in endeavoring to establish the Black Star Line Steamship Corporation he has also been particularly active among the radical elements in New York City in agitating the negro movement. Unfortunately, however, he has not as yet violated any federal law whereby he could be proceeded against on the grounds of being an undesirable alien, from the point of view of deportation. It occurs to me, however, from the attached clipping that there might be some proceeding against him for fraud in connection with his Black Star Line propaganda and for this reason I am transmitting the communication to you for your appropriate attention. The following is a brief statement of Marcus Garvey and his activities: * Subject a native of the West Indies and one of the most prominent negro agitators in New York; * He is a founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League; * He is the promulgator of the Black Star Line and is the managing editor of the Negro World; * He is an exceptionally fine orator, creating much excitement among the negroes through his steamship proposition; * In his paper the "Negro World" the Soviet Russian Rule is upheld and there is open support of socialism. Respectfully, J. E. Hoover, Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Vocabulary Agitating: arousing public concern and attention Promulgator: promoter Orator: public speaker

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Document D: Marcus Garvey’s Autobiography (Modified) My downfall was planned by my enemies. They laid all kinds of traps for me. They scattered their spies among the employees of the Black Star Line and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Our office records were stolen. Employees started to be openly dishonest. . . . I had to dismiss them. They joined my enemies, and thus I had an endless fight on my hands to save the ideals of the UNIA and carry out our program for the race. My negro enemies, finding that they alone could not destroy me, resorted to misrepresenting me to the leaders of the white race, several of whom, without proper investigation, also opposed me. . . . My trial is a matter of history. I know I was not given a square deal, because my indictment was the result of a "frame­up" among my political and business enemies. . . . The temporary ruin of the Black Star Line in no way affected the larger work of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which now has 900 branches with an approximate membership of 6,000,000. . . . Being black, I have committed an unpardonable offense against the very light colored negroes in America and the West Indies by making myself famous as a negro leader of millions. In their view, no black man must rise above them. . . .The Universal Negro Improvement Association has been misrepresented by my enemies. They have tried to make it appear that we are hostile to other races. This is absolutely false. We love all humanity. . . . We believe in the purity of both races. . . . It is cruel and dangerous to promote social equality, as certain black leaders do. The belief that black and white should get together would destroy the racial purity of both. We believe that the black people should have a country of their own where they should be given the fullest opportunity to develop politically, socially and industrially. Source: Excerpt from Marcus Garvey’s autobiography, written in September 1923.

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1. In Document A, why does Malcolm X’s father believe that blacks should go back to Africa?

a. to gain self respect and freedom b. to gain economic benefits c. to escape slavery d. to participate in better governments

2. In Document B, why is the UNIA just as bad or worse than the KKK?

a. they both try to limit blacks voting ` b. the UNIA has criminals and bigots

c. the UNIA is only about making Garvey famous d. the UNIA doesn't have the funding to succeed

3. In Document C, what does Hoover call “unfortunate”?

a. Garvey’s lack of supporters b. the KKK supporting Garvey c. Garvey not committing any criminal acts d. Garvey not being able to be caught by the police

4. In Document D, what does Garvey believe black people should have?

a. a country of their own b. economic freedom in America c. government support of the Black Star Line d. hostility towards all other races.

5. According to Malcolm X in Document A, why was Garvey controversial?

a. because he advocated for the integration of blacks and whites b. because he advocated for blacks to return to Africa c. because he advocated for the government to give free land to former slaves d. because he did not have the support of blacks or whites

6.Which of the following is NOT a claim that the authors of Document B make to support the idea that Garvey and the UNIA is dangerous?

a. supporters of Garvey are in search of easy money b. supporters of Garvey are racial bigots c. Garvey’s movement will upset civic harmony d. Garvey himself is a dishonest man

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7. One reason Hoover is against Garvey’s movement is because of its ties to? a. Malcolm X b. socialism c. the KKK d. African nations

8. In Document D, why does Garvey believe other African Americans turned against him?

a. loss of money in his Black Star Line b. his support of all races c. their belief in America d. the misrepresentation of Garvey by his opposition

9. Garvey and Malcolm X both believed in social equality?

a. True b. False

10. Garvey’s Black Star Line failed because of which of the following reasons?

a. the support al the majority of blacks in America b. FBI interference c. the distrust of various segments of society d. the financial stability of the program

11. Many blacks opposed Garvey’s movement in addition to whites?

a. True b. False

12. Marcus Garvey influenced Civil Rights leaders in future generations?

a. True b. False

13. Malcolm X and Marcus Garvey would agree on which of the following statements?

a. Blacks can only find equality through traveling back to Africa b. Black organizations should accept the help of whites. c. Black separatism was the preferred way for blacks to prosper. d. Civil rights was not the primary concern of blacks in America.

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14. The signers of Document B would be against all of the following ideas found in Document D except?

a.Blacks should have the freedom to travel back to Africa b.It is cruel and dangerous to promote social equality c. Blacks can only develop politically, socially and industrially in their own country d. Marcus Garvey failed only because of spies within his organization

15. On what point might J Edgar Hoover in Document C and the signers of the letter in Document B agree?

a. It is best for blacks to travel back to Africa b. The UNIA is a positive force in American society c. The UNIA has criminals in its ranks d. The UNIA will eventually collapse due to governmental pressure.

16. Malcolm X’s father in Document A would most likely agree with which of the following from Document C?

a. Garvey is an exceptionally fine orator b. Garvey is one of the most prominent negro agitators in New York City c. Garvey should be put in jail for his beliefs d. Socialism is the primary motivator of Marcus Garvey

17. How do Documents B and C portray Marcus Garvey?

a. as a positive black leader b. as an agitator needed to be disposed of c. as a someone who can be ignored d. as someone who will help race relations in America

18. How do Document A and Document C portray Marcus Garvey?

a. both as a positive black leader b. both as an agitator needed to be disposed of c. one as a positive leader and one as a criminal d. one as a leader interested in economic gain and one as a leader helping criminals.

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19. Which Document was not written during the same time period as the others? a. Document A b. Document B c. Document C d. Document D

20. Which of the following people might agree as it pertains to what type of leader Garvey is?

a. Hoover and Malcolm X’s father b. Malcolm X’s father and Robert S. Abbott c. Garvey and Hoover d. Robert S. Abbott and Hoover

21. What other way could you explain the racial makeup of someone who says they are mulatto?

a. ½ white and ½ black b. consisting of more than 3 races c. ½ native american and ½ spanish d. ½ white and ½ asian

22. What are the economic benefits to illegal immigration in the United States?

a. Illegal immigrants pay income tax b. Illegal immigrants acquire mortgages from banks to buy homes c. Illegal immigrants pay sales tax d. Illegal immigrants send money back home to support their families

23. How would you explain your understanding of the idea of genocide?

a. Murder of killing of a group of people based on their ethnic origin b. Destruction of an entire town or city c. War against AIDS d. Suicide pact among members of a cult

24. What can you say about Nelson Mandela’s importance in South African History?

a. He established the Democratic Republic of South Africa b. He started the Republic of the Zululand c. He took over the African National Congress d. He was the President of Zimbabwe

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25. Can you explain the main reason that Africa has not prospered over the last 20 year?

a. Political Instability b. Colonization c. Drought d. Lack of Population

Questions 26­29 address the above chart.

26. Between which 2 decades saw the greatest increase in immigration? a. 1820­1830 and 1831­1840 b. 1931­1940 and 1941­1950 c. 1891­1900 and 1901­1910 d. 1961­1970 and 1971­1980

27. What two major historical events happened contributed to the drop in immigration during the 1931­1950 time period?

a. Korean War & Great Depression b. Depression & WWII c. WWII & I d. WWI & Great Depression

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28. What would happen if the U.S. had economic and political instability in the future? a. Immigration to the U.S. would increase b. Immigration to the U.S. would cease to exist c. Immigration to the U.S. would decrease d. Immigration to the U.S. would stay the same

29. Can you identify which of the following is not politically correct?

a. Fire Fighter b. Mail Man c. Police Officer d. Sales Clerk

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Questions 30­32 address the above political cartoon.

30. What is the main idea of the cartoon? a.Abortion b. Immigration c. Transportation d. Taxation

31. What do you think an anchor baby is? a. a child born to illegal immigrant

b. child born for tax breaks c. child born to Navy father d. child born despite abortion

32. Whose 14th Amendment rights do you think are being questioned in this cartoon? a. The mom

b. The Tea Party protester c. The dad d. The baby

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33. What is a generalization about what people are like, an exaggerated image of their characteristics without regard to individual attributes?

a. Stereotype b. Ethnic Group c. Prejudice d. Politically Correct

34. How would you explain Racism?

a. Behavior that denies equal treatment b. Beliefs of superiority over the members of another group c. Social acceptance of the ideas and values of others d. Varied national, ethnic, and racial background

35. What permits you to enter a country?

a. Naturalization b. Green Card c. Birth Certificate d. Visa

36. What did the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?

a. Separate but equal b. Desegregation was given a chance c. It let southern blacks apply for jobs d. It prevented discrimination in the North

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Booker T. Washington: To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the southern white man... I would say: Cast down your bucket where you are... Cast it down in agriculture, in mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. No race can prosper until it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. W.E.B. Du Bois: Mr. Washington asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things, political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education. As a result, what has been the return? In these years there have occurred: 1. the disenfranchisement for the Negro, 2. the legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro, 3. the steady withdrawal of aid... for the higher training of the Negro. 37. W.E.B Du Bois believed that Booker T. Washington’s advice to blacks?

a. Was an excellent means for blacks to become accepted in society b. Widened the gap of inequality between blacks and whites c. Significantly helped blacks to gain civil rights d. Was correct, considering the time sin which they lived

38. The statements of both Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois reflect their commitment to?

a. Obtaining government aid for blacks b. Helping blacks adjust to the rapid industrialization of the nation c. Improving the position of blacks in society d. Preventing differences of opinion between blacks and whites in American

society 39. Can you make a distinction between the discrimination of housing in the North and the South during the Civil Rights Movement?

a. Both had discrimination in housing b. Only the South had discrimination in housing c. Only the North had discrimination in housing d. Both the North and the South had little discrimination in housing

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40. How would you characterize the impact of the Harlem Renaissance? a. Offered new techniques for discrimination in the north b. Offered new ways of thinking in art and literature c. Offered new ideas on farming in the south d. Offered a new neighborhood name in New York

41. Why was it better for organizers of the Civil Rights movement use non­violent protest to bring attention to injustice?

a. Non­violence showed the clear enemy b. Weapons were not allowed c. Limited militancy was permitted d. Non­violence had no impact

42. What was the main purpose behind MLK’s letter to Birmingham?

a. Ask for voting rights in the South b. Expose corruption in local southern communities c. Repeal the poll taxes d. Request reparations for slavery

43. What examples can you find to support that affirmative action is applied today in America?

a. Housing and renting b. Voting and registering to vote c. Jobs and schools d. Licensing and insurance

44. How would you summarize separatism?

a. Choosing to be separate from all races other than your own b. Segregated into different facilities in school c. Choosing to leave the country d. Dividing up the armed forces by race

45. How would you classify the ideals of Malcolm X, along with Elijah Muhammad, early in his Civil Rights involvement?

a. Assimilation b. Integration c. Segregation d. Immigration

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46. If a person is Muslim what religion do they follow? a. Christianity b. Judaism c. Islam d. Buddhism

47. What court case legalized abortion?

a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. New Jersey v. TLO c. Texas v. Johnson d. Roe v. Wade

48. Can you assess the importance of the 19th Amendment?

a. Voting rights for minorities b. Women’s suffrage c. Equal pay for all genders and races d. Public Education for illegal immigrants

49. What does the graph represent when it comes to a black defendant/white victim?

a. Whites are more likely to be executed for murdering black victims b. Blacks are more likely to be executed for murdering black victims c. Whites are more likely to be executed for murdering white victims d. Blacks are more likely to be executed for murdering white victims

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50. According to the graph, the decision to execute defendants is affected by race?

a. True b. False

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