Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch2

2/12/13

Chapter in Brief

• Objective: to provide an idea of the amounts involved in energy usage and supply by human society

• World energy usage, supplies and associated emissions

• US energy usage

• World situation regarding energy resources

World Energy Consumption

• From ~ 300 (1980) to ~ 500 (2010) EJ/y

• Per capita– 200-400 GJ/y (More Developed Countries)– 20-80 GJ/y (Less Developed Countries)

• Per $ GDP– 4-20 MJ/$GDP (World)

World Energy Sources

• Fossil Fuels (Petroleum, NG and Coal) make up ~85% of all energy consumed

• Proportions of Renewables and Nuclear slowly increasing from 1980 on and expected to continue increasing

World Electricity Usage

• ~65% of all electricity generated from fossil fuels

• From ~ 7 (1980) to ~ 20 (2010) TWh/y

US Energy Consumption

• 105 EJ/y (2008)

• Key consuming Sectors (2006)– Industrial (~30%; ~10% boiler fuel)– Transportation (~30%; ~15% personal autos) – Residential (~20%; ~10% appliances & light)– Commercial (~20%;~10% light & heat)

World Energy Supply: Coal

• Reserves: 1 Tton (bituminous & anthracite; ~50% US and USSR)

• Higher Heating Value (HHV) ~ 30 MJ/kg

• Energy equivalent: 25,000 EJ

• Consumption (2008): 140 EJ/y

World Energy Supply: Petroleum

• Reserves: 1.6 Tbbl

• Average heating value: ~6 GJ/bbl

• Energy equivalent: 10,000 EJ

• Consumption (2008): 180 EJ/y

World Energy Supply: Natural Gas

• Reserves: ~200 Tm^3

• Average heating value: ~40 MJ/m^3

• Energy equivalent: 7,350 EJ

• Consumption (2008): 120 EJ/y