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Bullying Prevention
What We know and
What We Can Do….
Karina KiddIntegrated Student Support Department
Portland Public School District
Goal for Today
To familiarize participants with the components of comprehensive
bullying prevention
Bullying Prevention
Bullying Prevention
Academic Systems Behavioral Systems
1-5% 1-5%
5-10% 5-10%
80-90% 80-90%
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures
Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Targeted Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response•Individual or Group
Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive
Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive
Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success
Bullying Prevention
Where to Start?!!!
Bullying Definition
Bullying is unfair and one-sided. It happens when someone keeps hurting, frightening, threatening or leaving someone out on purpose.
Key Elements of Bullying
Imbalance of power
Intent to cause harm; deliberate, non-accidental
Acts are repeated – show a pattern
Vulnerability of victim
Direct Bullying
Hitting, kicking, shoving, spitting…
Taunting, teasing, racial slurs, verbal harassment
Threatening, obscene gestures
Indirect Bullying
Getting another person to bully someone for you
Spreading rumors, gossipDeliberately excluding someone from a
group or activityMany forms of Cyberbullying
Challenges for Schools
Although common and frequent, most
bullying and harassment behaviors are
exhibited outside of adult supervision.
Scope of the Problem
Bullying happens once every 7 minutes.The average bullying episode lasts 37
seconds.Teachers noticed and intervened in only 1
out of 25 episodes (4% of the time)Bullying commonly increases between the
third and seventh grades. (Committee for Children, 2005)
“I Feel Safe at School”
6th grade- 15% said “NO”
8th grade- 15% said “NO”
11th grade- 19% said “NO”
Oregon Wellness Survey (2010)
Harassed on the way to, at or from school-– 35% of 8th graders– 23% of 11th grader
I Can talk freely and openly with my teachers about my concerns-– 30% of 6th graders say, “NO”– 44% of 8th graders say, “NO”– 47% of 11th graders say, “NO”
Where Does Bullying Occur?
The most common places where bullying takes place:– School yard or playground (74% of victims)– Hallways (53% of victims)– Cafeteria (45% of victims)– At home or on computer (cyberbullying)
But it could be different for your school….
What does your data say?!!
Why Some Children Bully Others
1. If a behavior works, it is repeated2. Students don’t know how else to influence peers3. They don’t realize that their behavior is inappropriate-
poor modeling (Jack in the Box)4. Errors in thinking5. Bullying meets a need. Rewards for bullying behaviors:
Social attention Social recognition Social status
PPS Harassment and Bullying Policy: 4.30.060-P
Harassment and bullying is prohibited.
Definition includes physical, emotional and social harm.
Disciplinary action, up to and including expulsion, for harassment/bullying, false accusations and retaliation.
Witnesses and bystanders (including students, staff or volunteers) to a bullying incident are encouraged to immediately inform school staff.
PPS Administrative Directive4.30.061-AD
• Notice in buildings • School-Wide Staff Training• School-Wide Student Notification• Respect for Cultural Differences• Electronic Forms of Harassment• Incidents should be promptly investigated.
Misdirections…..
Zero tolerance policiesConflict resolution and peer mediationGroup treatment for children who bullySimple, short-term solutions
(piece meal)
School Wide Bullying Prevention
Create a school climate based on mutual respect
• Make bullying prevention part on the work of the climate team
• Establish clear rules/procedures/ policies about bullying.
““Be Respectful” applies to students Be Respectful” applies to students and adults in the buildingand adults in the building!”
Comprehensive Bullying Prevention
Physical considerations- e.g playground?Increase effective supervisionTeach specific skills to all studentsTrain adults to respond sensitively & consistently
to bullying.Enforcing consistent consequences for bullyingImprove parental awareness & involvement in
working on the problem.
Directly Teaching Skills
Steps to Respect (Committee for Children)
Middle School Second Step (Committee for Children)
Bully Blockers (Tough Kid Series, Pacific Northwest Publishing)
PBIS Bullying Prevention
www.pbis.org
Dynamics of BullyingBystander
s
Students with bullying behaviors
Students who are targeted
The Three R’s of Bullying
Recognize
Report
Refuse
then
If you don’t feel safe
If you dofeel safe
Tattling Vs. Reporting
Tattling: When you try to get someone in trouble
Reporting: When you tell an adult in order to keep people safe
Children Learn to Report Immediately When…
They or someone else are in danger
Someone is touching or showing private body parts
Refusing doesn’t work
Bystanders
Need effective strategies to interveneMust be included in intervention Social pressure of the peer-group is an
important key to reduce bullying -Social Norms
Must feel confident that they will have the support of teachers
Handling Bullying Reports
Four -A Response:
AffirmAskAssessAct
Video: Four-A Response Process
Watch him Affirm, Ask, Assess and Act
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Teaching Social Responsibility Teach school-wide expectations first
– Be respectful– Be responsible– Be safe
Focus on “non-structured” settingsCafeteria, Gym, Playground, Hallway, Bus Area
Use same teaching format for all situationsIf someone directs problem behavior toward you.If you see others receive problem behaviorIf someone tells you to “stop”
Strategies For Young Students
Stop
Walk
“Talk” (or “Squawk”)
Teach the “Stop Signal”
If someone is directing problem behavior to you, or someone else, tell them to “stop.”
How do you deliver the “stop signal” if you are feeling intimidated, harassed, bullied?
How do you deliver the “stop signal” if you see someone else being harassed, teased, bullied?
Teach “walk away”
How do we walk away so that the person who is bothering us gets the idea?
Remind students that most socially initiated problem behavior is maintained by peer attention.– Victim behavior inadvertently maintains taunt, tease,
intimidate, harassment behavior.
When You Are Told “Stop”
Eventually, every student will be told to stop. When this happens, they should do the following things– Stop what they are doing – Take a deep breath– Go about their day (no big deal)
These steps should be followed even when they don’t agree with the “stop”
Teach “getting help”
Report problems to adults– Where is the line between tattling, and
reporting?Did you request, “stop”Did you walk away?
How Adults Respond
Adults initiate the following interaction with the person who did the bullyingDid ______ tell you to stop?"
If yes: "How did you respond?" Follow with step 2If no: Practice the 3 step response.
Did ______ walk away?"If yes: "How did you respond?" Follow with step 3If no: Practice the 3 step response.
Practice the 3 step response. The amount of practice depends on the severity and frequency of problem behavior
Clear Expectations and Consequences for Bullying
Should be preplanned Clearly explained to studentsIntervene promptlyCoaching or Specific Skills instructionHierarchy of consequences
– Reprimands or warnings– Loss of privileges– Think Time– Call to parent
Important Considerations
• Confidential Reporting• Power of the students
(Safe School Ambassadors)
http://www.community-matters.org/safe-school-ambassadors/
• Replicating playground programs• Are we differentiating unkind behavior from bullying
behavior?• ???
Wrapping It Up
Bullying is a serious problem that can be addressed at school.
Students can be directly taught bullying prevention skills
Friendship skills and a caring climate play an important role in preventing bullying.
Establishing school-wide expectations and consistent response and follow-up is important
Bullying prevention is part of a comprehensive, ongoing school-wide and community effort to create a positive and safe school climate.
Take Away!Take Away!
Additional Resources
http://www.stopbullyingnow.org
http://www.community-matters.org/safe-school-ambassadors/
Thank you!
Portland Public Schools Student Services Department
Karina [email protected]
Integrated Student Supports DepartmentBESC
501 N DixonPortland Oregon 97227(503) 916-2000 x71014
