Bus ShelterDesign FolioJOSHUA HALE

STUDENT NO.: 10439973

Time Plan

Student No.: 10439973

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 8Week 7Week 6

Design BriefClient

The City Council of Central Perth is a Western Australian board of alderman that governs the City

of Central Perth. It was first established in 1842 and consisted of six people as the Perth Town

Trust (WB Andrews as Chairman, and Committee: George Leake, James Purkis (Treasurer) Peter

Brown, WH Drake, Richard Jones). Today, the City of Perth is only one of the 24 local authorities

in the Perth metropolitan region. Equal portions of which recognised as cities, towns or shires. The

council is responsible for implementing council decisions, managing daily operations of the city as

well as strategic and financial planning to ensure operational sustainability, accountability and

effective service delivery to the community. The City Council of Central Perth is currently focusing

on making public shelters that appeal to the history and culture of Central Perth. The council has

tasked me with creating a public shelter that achieves this very purpose.

Design Criteria

The public shelter that I am considering to create is a bus shelter. Using the design process, I am to

create a visualised concept for the bus shelter so that the council can get a clear understanding of

the idea I am trying to communicate. The shelter must focus on communicating a theme/ message/

beliefs and values that may influence the visitors and/or users. This means that the shelter must

have a general purpose and motivation in order to be successful. The shelter design will include

basic forms of communication through signs, images, visual displays and interactive displays as well

as reflecting the communication through semiotics and meaning. The design should be about more

than just its function; it must act as a tool to deliver information to the visitor/user and acts as an

architectural symbol. It should clearly show influence and persuade the viewers with the

understanding that the people of Central Perth should make healthier life choices. In order to

communicate the understanding that the people of Central Perth should make healthier life choices,

the design should include different shapes, colours and symbols that represent this idea. It is also

expected that the design will have some kind of organic element. The communication of the design is

the top priority in this project. In this case, the function of a design is secondary to its form.

Target Audience

This design is intended for the citizens of Central Perth. More specifically, citizens of Central Perth

that have an average West Australian income and live in a suburban area near Central Perth.

The target audience are Australian (a country known for its diversity), and therefore the design

should cater to multiple cultures and beliefs and may even mean including the national Australian

colours. It is also assumed that the target audience is independent and between the ages of 20 and

25. The target audience would also have a habit of using public transport due to their age, income

and independence. It is also expected that the target audience tends to make unhealthy choices,

like eating sugary or fatty foods, or even making choices that can lead to a lack of exercise or

sleep. In order to communicate the understanding that the people of Central Perth should make

healthier life choices, the elements and principles included in the design should relate back to the

target audience. This means giving the design a post-modernistic look and the semiotics should

suggest cleanliness. In order to further cater to the target audience, I will include colours that are

typically associated with health, prosperity and the environment. Such as green, brown, white,

orange or blue. The colours should also be vibrant in order to spark attention to the

user/viewer, make it easy to find, as well as giving the design an upbeat feel to it. In addition to the

colours, I will use shapes that is most appealing to 20 to 25-year-old citizens of Central Perth as will

be determined by my research.

Constraints

Time is one of the biggest constraints in any design. With this design being due by the end of week

13 in semester 1, I must determine how much time I can allow myself to produce each of its

aspects if it is to be completed on time. The overall size of the design will restricted to the same

dimensions as the existing shelter. The design must also be quite detailed in its appearance in

order to blend in with its surrounding architecture. Colours should not be dominantly similar to that

of KFC or Hungry Jack’s (the two fast food restaurants directly behind the shelter). In addition, the

city council of central Perth are the ones who sign it off. With this in mind, the design is restricted

once more as it should not be too obscene in any way; else the council will reject it. It also needs

to be ethnically neutral due to the fact that Perth is a very multicultural area.

Context

The design is to replace the existing bus shelter in William Street Perth Underground R11/ B14.

This location has been chosen due to the restaurants that would surround the design. Having

restaurants like McDonald’s, hungry Jack’s and KFC in the background would emphasise

the design’s purpose, thereby helping to communicate the idea to the viewer/user. It may

even further influence what the viewer/user purchases from said restaurants. For example, instead

of someone purchasing soda at McDonald’s, the communicated idea that people of Central Perth

should make healthier life choices may influence them to purchase water instead. The first floor of

the building immediately behind the shelter appears to have conserved its original appearance. A

few other buildings on the street seem to mimic this as well. With this in mind, a modernistic

approach would be the best option for my design as it would stand out from the rest of the

architecture. Another consideration for the context of the design is that the Perth Town Hall and

many other buildings in the city were built by convicts during the late 1800’s.

Student No.: 10439973

Research

Location The bus shelter will be located in William street, central Perth. This is one of the two major cross-streetsin the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. It starts in western Mount Lawley and ends over at theHorseshoe Bridge of the Fremantle railway. The street is serviced by buses running throughNorthbridge, most of which, deviate over to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station. Evidently, it is very common forcitizens to take public transport that runs through this street. William street also has a few significantbuildings of Perth’s culture such as; Wesley Church, the Palace hotel, Walsh’s Building, Gledden Buildingand Gordon Stephenson House.

Materials Due to the frequent use of the current design, the materials used to construct this new bus sheltershould be of a very durable nature. Namely, polycarbonate plastic. Not only because it is extremelydurable but because it is also cheap to manufacture and easy to manipulate into obscure shapes. PETGis also a necessary inclusion so as to shelter users form the weather and not obstruct their vision fromthe street in the process. Sheets of PETG also have very good impact resistance, even in lowtemperatures. For the frames of the Bus Shelter, stainless steel would be best to use as it is cheap anddurable, even in wet weather. Wood should also be included so as to symbolise the message conveyed.

Ergonomics Ergonomics is the process of arranging or designing products so that they best fit the people that usethem. for the bus shelter, ergonomic considerations would include the seating, view and height of thedesign. The average Australian person (18 years and over) is 175.6cm, there for the height of thestructure should be between 225 and 230cm. the distance between the ground and the bench shouldbe at a minimum of 450mm, as is the same minimum dimensions for the depth of the bench and heightof the back rest. Should armrests be included, they should be at a height of around 260mm. Thesedimensions should cater for most of the users (save for the few outliers of the average Australianperson).

Colour and MeaningThe design should include colours like green, white, brown and blue. The white would suggestcleanliness, safety, purity and hygiene. Green to suggest something natural, everlasting, calm andserene. Blue to suggest health, tranquillity and openness. Brown would then link the design to the earthand relate to wholesomeness, comfort and reliability.

Occupational Health and SafetyWhere OHS is concerned, the bus shelter needs to be as safe as possible for its users. To ensure this theshelter should not obstruct users’ view from the road, there should be no sharp edges, it should be welllit during the night and above all must meet the WA standards and regulations. Additionally, shouldsigns or symbols be included, a reflective surface for those signs or symbols should be included so that itis easier to see during the night.

Environmental Considerations Taking into account that William street has multiple buildings that have been a part of Perth fordecades, the shelter should contrast against the architecture used for them. The contrast will drawattention to the users/viewers causing them to wonder why the bus shelter’s architecture is so vastlydifferent. The answer, of course, is to make a statement. Other considerations of the environmentinclude the actual stability of the surface that it is to be built upon. The surface is flat with concrete slabsso it does seem to be adequately stable for the bus shelter to be placed.

WA Standards and RegulationsAccording to the Public Transport Authority of WA, there are a variety of requirements that must be metin order for the design to be accepted by the counsel. For example, the rear of the bus shelter should beat a distance of at least 154cm away from the kerb. There must also be room for a wheel chair bay thatis a minimum of 100cm wide and 130cm deep. Finally, the bus shelter must be at a minimum distance of120cm away from the bus stop sign.

Future TrendsWith a steady increase of innovative technology, it is important to consider what is already availableand how it might evolve and impact on future designs. Rising trends include the use of 3D printing,virtual reality and augmented reality. Even today, technology like 3D printing can be used for manyparts of the design process. For example, a prototype can be created quite easily via CAD and then 3Dprinted to test out. Further use could also include manufacturing (depending on the design). However, itis expected that 3D printing will be used for manufacturing at some point in almost any design in thenear future. Invented by Chuck Hull.

FunctionThe function of the bus shelter is not only to shelter the users from the weather whilst they wait for the bus, but to communicate a message. The message being that the people of Central Perth should make healthier life choices. This can be done by either promoting healthy life choices or demoting unhealthy life choices. Seeing as this will be a public design, it should be a more positive design so as to not off put users/viewers. The design should also have a strong use of design elements and principles if it is to be successful in achieving its purpose.

Student No.: 10439973

Case study | Peter Eisenman

https://www.flickr.com/photos/16782093@N03/5805293627/in/photostream/

Peter Eisenman’s bus shelter in Aachen, Germany

Retrieved from:http://www.arcvision.org/wp-content/oqey_gallery/galleries/triennale-di-milano-peter-eisenman/galimg/immagine.jpg

https://www.flickr.com/photos/8242576@N06/4913178871/in/photolist-8uajUx-8uakvk-hyAkoC-8udpM3-dDL9D1-dDL8xh-bmB4Dn-aZPXRp-gdVMMC-dB2r4x-eebN3s-ao2DXf-9dz8sA/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/tuinkabouter/3357864369/

IntroductionBorn August 12, 1932, New Jersey, Peter Eisenmanwas committed to his architectural studies from a veryyoung age. Since then, he has received a Bachelor ofArchitecture Degree from Cornell, a Master ofArchitecture Degree from Columbia University'sGraduate School of Architecture and both an M.A. andPh.D. degree from the University of Cambridge. In2007, he also received an honorary degree fromSyracuse University School of Architecture. Eisenmanfirst rose to prominence during the late 1960’s as acausality of being a member of the New York Five (asimilar group to the Grays of Yale). He, along with theother members, began to develop his own uniquestyles and ideologies. These styles and ideologieswere most affiliated with Deconstuctivism.

CareerDespite being at the age of 84, Eisenman still currently works at the Yale School of Architecture.There, he teaches theory seminars and advanced design studios. He has previously taught atmany other universities such as the University of Cambridge, Harvard University, the Universityof Pennsylvania, Princeton University and the Ohio State University. People often refer to hisprofessional work as deconstructive, formalist, high or late modernist, etc. he often thoughtoutside the traditional parameters of architecture, resulting in these radical yet magnificentdesigns. Starting in the late 1960’s, Eisenman worked on a number of house designs withlocations ranging from Princeton, New Jersey to Cornwall, Connecticut. They proved to be quitesuccessful and when coupled with his various academic achievements, it was no surprise thathe became a renowned theoretician of architecture. Continuing on to 1980, he established aprofessional practice in New York. There, Eisenman embarked on a series of major projectssuch as the Wexner Center for the Arts and the Greater Columbus (Ohio) Convention Center.Some of his later projects included the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and theUniversity of Phoenix Stadium both opening in 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Aachen, Germany bus shelterEisenman seemed a good choice in researching forthis project due to his amazing work on the busshelter in Aachen Germany. This angular designappears to resemble a claw gripping the pavement.Despite its abnormal appearance, the design stillseems to somehow compliment the environment thatsurrounds it. Perhaps due to the grey and orangecolours contrasting against the green of the treesbehind it (as seen in the top right image). The designappears to convey some kind of message about theenvironment. The angular claw shape seems torepresent the its strength and stability while alsoproviding the inhabitants with shelter and shade. Inconjunction with this, the design can also be seen asthe wing tip of a Black Eagle (Germany’s nationalanimal) even using similar colours to the bird. Whichseems to say something about Germany itself. As if tosay that Germany soars above the rest of the worlddespite its small size. Similarly, the bus shelter standsout from the rest and grabs far more attention.

Student No.: 10439973

Inspiration ResearchTree bus shelterDesigned by Nicola D’Alessandro, this modernistic bus shelter communicates the idea that we need to bemore aware of nature because it helps in creating the environment that sustains us. The stainless steelcombined with a transparent green flexi glass and wooden bench gives the impression of and eco-friendlydesign. The bus shelter uses the colour and shape of these materials (save for the stainless steel) to createthe look of a tree. The ‘tree’ comprises of a trunk that splits into three branches that bend over the bench.This provides a sense of protection and comfort. As a result, it begins to address the idea to the viewer/userby having this notion of nature protecting us and providing us comfort. And much like how they will becomeaware of the unique design of the shelter, the idea that we need to be more aware of nature because ithelps in creating the environment that sustains us will become more apparent. The initial design doesn’tseem to require a lot of space and, as an additional feature of interest, multiple bus shelters such as thesecan be linked together. This could be something to consider for my own design as it may be quite usefulshould the intended location become a lot busier later on.

Retrieved from:

http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/tree-bus-shelter

Absolut Vodka Bus SheltersIn 2010 Chicago, Absolut Vodka had commissioned a set of bus shelters as a form of advertisementfor their new range of vodka; Absolut Lemon Drop, Absolut Twist and Absolut Bloody. Each busshelter had been designed to advertise a specific flavour. Techniques used to assist incommunicating the advertisements included the incorporation of celebrities like Kate Beckinsale,Zooey Deschanel and Ali Larter. In addition to this, colour schemes, seats and even tropical plant lifewere used to further assist in this communication. For example, Absolut twist uses stripes of whiteand a vibrant lime green to communicate the impression of a tangy, citrus-like flavour for the drinkwith some sort of ‘twist’. Coupled with this colour scheme is the rounded, quirky style of seating.This quirkiness just further communicates to the viewer/user the flavour and perhaps even qualityof the drink. Alternatively, there is the design of the Absolut lemon drop flavour. This designcommunicates the idea that the beverage has a natural taste to it but once again the is theimpression of a slight tang. The majority of the shelter is a bright yellow which automatically (inassociation with the name of the drink) gives a sense of unity within it. Once coupled with theinclusion of shape in the design, the intention of the communication becomes clear; the beveragehas natural, tangy flavours. This is because the imagery used is that of nature; a lemon tree, a sunsetbeach, flowers, etc. As an added feature, it has been made to look like a lemon tree is growingthrough the roof of the shelter. Similarly, the Absolut Bloody bus shelter design is to the sameeffect. In that it’s use of colour and shape create a sense of unity in order to communicate thequality and flavour of the drink.

Retrieved from:http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/absolut-bus-shelters/

Student No.: 10439973

Survey Analysis

Analysis:The results of this survey have assuredme of what must be included in mydesign in order for it to be effective. Withthe majority of participants stronglyagreeing that a bus shelter must haveseating and shade, it is clear that so toomust the design. Participants alsostrongly agreed that a bus shelter shouldnot obstruct the users’ vision from theroad and should be accessible foreveryone regardless of their physicalcapability. Thus, my design should not beexclusive to those that are a part of thetarget audience.With all participants selecting “yes”when asked if they travel throughWilliam street often, it is clear that allparticipants were part of my targetaudience. Effectively, making this surveya good reference for what the targetaudience is looking for in a bus shelterdesign.The results of the images listed in orderof preference demonstrates to me whatkind of style bus shelter the targetaudience is more attracted to. With thisknowledge in mind, I should be takingmost inspiration from the top threeimages.

Retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/16782093@N03/5805293627/in/photostream/

Retrieved

from:

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ree-bus-

shelter

Retrieved from: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/7a/f1/01/7af101934c21bc0710f593479fbe3842.jpg

Retrieved from: https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/project_modules/disp/95942511403977.560f722dc64c5.jpg

Retrieved from:http://im.rediff.com/money/2011/may/12bus4.jpg

Student No.: 10439973

Concept Ideas

As decided in the surveyanalysis, I have takeninspiration from the topthree the images selected bythe target audience. Theseconcepts show the variousapproaches that could betaken in order to convey themessage that is intended tobe communicated.

Student No.: 10439973

Design development

Throughout the evolution of thisdesign, it has maintained theinclusion of a water feature andgrass on the roof. I consideredthese to be extremely importantin communicating the idea thatthe people of Central Perthshould make healthier lifechoices. This ‘visual journey’brought the design to a pointwhere it met the expectations ofthe target audience as well asthe West Australian standardsand regulations.

Student No.: 10439973

Design Refinement The design has been re-adjusted to communicatethe message to its best degree. The cone-likeshapes that cover the legs of the shelter seem todo this. The resemble teeth due to their shape andcolour, and are symbolic of consumption. Inconjunction with the rest of the design, itsymbolises the consumption of natural and healthyproducts. The only issue is that the design onlyconveys the message when it is place on WilliamStreet in front of all the fast food restaurants.

The design takes inspiration from NicolaD’Alessandro’s tree bus shelter design and Absolutlemon drop bus shelter. Aspects from both can beseen in the refinement. The transparent parts ofthe roof were influenced by Nicola D’Alessandro’stree bus shelter while the grass on the roof wasinfluenced by the Absolut lemon drop bus shelter.

Renders of the final design were produced onSOLIDWORKS 2015 x64 Edition and edited furtheron Adobe Photoshop CS6 (64 bit).

Student No.: 10439973

Design Evaluation

Overall, I think the design works fairly well at conveying the idea thatthe people of Central Perth should make healthier life choices. Thecolour scheme works well with the environment that the design is setin, while also contributing towards developing the idea. Themodernistic approach leaves the design open to deeper interpretationsof the message conveyed. The inclusion of organic features creates thesense of an interaction between the design and the user. All this whilelooking very visually appealing.

The materials chosen for the final design were very thoughtful in thatthey too help to communicate the intended message. Wood isautomatically associated with trees so using it on various aspects of thedesign was crucial. This is because trees provide us with oxygen and istherefore healthy. Thus, contributing towards communicating theintended message. The other materials like polycarbonate plastic andPETG communicate the idea in a different way. These materials have avery clean look. Effectively, suggesting cleanliness and purity (whichlinks back to health and the choices behind healthy lifestyles).

Already having a vague idea of it, the colour scheme I ended up usingwas, more or less, expected. I knew that green was a necessity inconveying a sense of something natural, everlasting, calm and serene. Iknew that white had to be included because it represents cleanliness,safety, purity and hygiene. The only colour that I was unsure about wasbrown. However, the brown does seem to work pretty well with thedesign.

The production of the design didn’t take too long (about 4-5 hours) dueto its simplicity. If this is anything to go on, manufacturing shouldn’t betoo different. Thus, the bus shelter on William Street can be replacequicker and more efficiently. This increases the likelihood of it beingpassed by the City Council of Central Perth.

This new bus shelter design would be quite safe to use due to itsmaterials and shape. The polycarbonate plastic and PETG are verydurable and weather resistant and are therefore less likely tobreak. All materials are also non-toxic. Shape-wise, the design issafe to use due to its rounded edges and smooth surfaces. It alsomeets all the West Australian standards and regulations inregards to bus shelters. It’s hard to imagine a safer version of thisshelter being created as it seems to have already achieved thehighest possible level of safety.

In order to convey the message that the people ofCentral Perth should make healthier life choices, thedesign had to be put on William Street. Being placedright in front of various fast food restaurants, thedesign becomes very suggestive of this message. Allthe symbolism of the colours, materials and shapejuxta-posed with the restaurants leads the targetaudience to make a comparison. Which is better?Health or cheap, greasy food? This is why I find thefinal design to be very effective in its purpose.

Student No.: 10439973

References

Student No.: 10439973

Slide 3Council Profile. City of Perth. https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/council/council-profile

Slide 4Bus infrastructure planning and design guidelines. Public Transport Authority.http://www.pta.wa.gov.au/about-us/working-with-the-pta/urban-design-and-planning-guidelines

Design & Technology: Materials and components. GCSE Bitesize.http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/graphics/materialsandcomponentsrev3.shtml

Slide 5AD Editorial Team. 2016. Spotlight: Peter Eisenman.http://www.archdaily.com/535705/spotlight-peter-eisenman

Claw bus shelter image 1. retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/16782093@N03/5805293627/in/photostream/

Claw bus shelter image 2. retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/8242576@N06/4913178871/in/photolist-8uajUx-8uakvk-hyAkoC-8udpM3-dDL9D1-dDL8xh-bmB4Dn-aZPXRp-gdVMMC-dB2r4x-eebN3s-ao2DXf-9dz8sA/

Claw bus shelter image 3. retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/tuinkabouter/3357864369/

Peter Eisenman edited portrait. Retrieved from http://www.arcvision.org/wp-content/oqey_gallery/galleries/triennale-di-milano-peter-eisenman/galimg/immagine.jpg

Slide 6D’Alessandro, N. 2013. Tree-Bus-Shelter. Retrieved from: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/tree-bus-shelter

De Cadenet, A., Von Unwerth, E. 2010. Absolut Bloody image. Retrieved from: http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/absolut-bus-shelters/

De Cadenet, A., Von Unwerth, E. 2010. Absolut Lemon Drop image. Retrieved from: http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/absolut-bus-shelters/

De Cadenet, A., Von Unwerth, E. 2010. Absolut Twist image. Retrieved from: http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/absolut-bus-shelters/

Macleod, D. 2010. Absolut Bus Shelters. Inspiration room. http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2010/absolut-bus-shelters/

Roblin, A. 2013. The Tree Bus Shelter Emulates a Reliable Natural Form of Refuge. Trendhunter Auto. http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/tree-bus-shelter

Slide 7Angular Bus Shelter. Retrieved from: https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/project_modules/disp/95942511403977.560f722dc64c5.jpg

Circular Post-modern Bus Shelter. Retrieved from: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/7a/f1/01/7af101934c21bc0710f593479fbe3842.jpg

Claw bus shelter image 1. retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/16782093@N03/5805293627/in/photostream/

D’Alessandro, N. 2013. Tree-Bus-Shelter. Retrieved from: http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/tree-bus-shelter

Semi-circle Modern Bus Shelter. Retrieved from: http://im.rediff.com/money/2011/may/12bus4.jpg