By Sanaa Ahmed

The Circulatory andRespiratory Systems

Summary of Lesson

Circulatory SystemCarries oxygen to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide.

Respiratory SystemBrings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.

Main Idea

• Includes the lungs and the airways that lead to the mouth and nose

• You could not live for a very long time without breathing in and breathing out

• Every breath you take your body takes in oxygen and lets out carbon-dioxide

Respiratory System

• Air moves into a sturdy tube called the trachea

• Trachea divides into two main tubes called bronchi

• In the lungs the bronchi separates into smaller and smaller tubes that lead into sacs called alveoli

How does it Work?

• Lungs contain millions of alveoli

• Alveoli border a capillary, which is a thin tube that contains blood

•Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood

• Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli

• Carbon dioxide is a waste product from cells. When you exhale, your body releases carbon dioxide into the air

How does it Work? (continued..)

• Fish•Water goes in through mouth and oxygen is absorbed•Water goes out through fishes gills

•Worms• Don’t have lungs• Breathe by diffusing air through skin• Oxygen passes in while carbon dioxide passes out

• Birds• Have lungs and air sacs• Requires two respiration cycles

Other Respiratory Systems

• Consists of blood vessels that connect the organs and major tissues throughout the body

• Center of the Circulatory System is a muscular organ called the heart

• The heart pumps blood to the network of blood vessels in your body

The Circulatory System

• Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and travels to the heart, then through the arteries to the other parts of the body.

• Artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Arteries are red.

How does it work?

• Arteries branch into the thinner and thinner blood vessels, and eventually branch into thin vessels called capillaries

• Capillaries lead into veins. A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. Veins are blue.

How does it work? (con.)

• The heart pumps blood through the network of blood vessels; the veins and the arteries

• The human heart is divided into four chambers

• Two upper chambers are the atria and the two lower chambers are the ventricles

The Heart

Frog• Heart has three chambers: one ventricle and two atria• Deoxygenated blood in right atrium enters the ventricle• Oxygenated blood in the left atrium enters the ventricle• Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the ventricle• Ventricle is designed to reduce this mixing somewhat

Other Circulatory Systems

Frog• Heart has three chambers: one ventricle and two atria• Deoxygenated blood in right atrium enters the ventricle• Oxygenated blood in the left atrium enters the ventricle• Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the ventricle• Ventricle is designed to reduce this mixing somewhat

Other Circulatory Systems

Fish• Have a two-chambered heart that has only a single atrium and a single ventricle• Gill Circulation - The atrium collects blood that has returned from the body, while the ventricle pumps the blood to the gills and the blood is re-oxygenated• Systemic Circulation - The blood then continues through the rest of the body before arriving back at the atrium

Other Circulatory Systems (con.)

Beyond the Book

Bronchitis• An inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from lungs

Symptoms• Cough, which may produce clear, yellow or green mucus•Wheezing, low fever, chest tightness or pain• Shortness of breath (in severe cases)

Respiratory System Diseases

Treatment• Most cases of acute

bronchitis resolve without medical treatment in two weeks

• In some circumstances, your doctor may prescribe medications like antibiotics or cough medicine.

Respiratory System Diseases (con.)

Hypertension(High Blood Pressure)• Common condition in which the force of the blood against artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease• Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in arteries• The more blood heart pumps and the narrower arteries, the higher your blood pressure

Circulatory System Diseases

Symptoms• Severe headache• Fatigue or confusion• Chest pain• Difficulty breathing• Irregular heartbeat

Treatment• Treating high blood pressure can take a multi-pronged approach including diet changes, medication, and exercise.

Circulatory System Diseases (con.)

What is an example of a Circulatory System disease?

a) Hypertension

b) Severe headache

c) Bronchitis

d) Vision problems

What is an artery?

a) A blood vessel that carries blood towards the Heart

b) A blood vessel that carries blood away from the Heart

c) A blood vessel that carries cells toward the heart

d) A Blood vessel that carries cells away from the Heart

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