投影片 1 - GS1 Taiwan · 2D symbologies, Data Matrix, QR code, PDF417 Unique permanent identification of supply chain Battery assisted and sensor enabled RFID tags (impact on air

RFID 標準

呂惠娟

2008/07/14

©marisa Lu all right reserved

簡報大綱

ISO/IEC SC31簡介市場走向

法規走向

標準走向


ISO/IEC SC31

Title: Automatic Identification and Data Capture TechniquesArea of Work: Standardization of data formats, data syntax, data structure and of associated devices, utilized in industry applications and international business interchanges.


Work Links

ISO TC 104/SC 4/WG 2 in the area of work on Automatic Electronic Identification for Containers and Container related ApplicationsISO TC 23/SC 19/WG 3 in the area of work on Identification of AnimalsISO TC 204 in the area of work on RFID for Transportation and Control SystemsISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17 in the area of work on Cards and Personal IdentificationISO TC 68/SC 6 in the area of work on Financial Transaction Cards, Related Media, and OperationsISO TC 122/WG 4 in the area of work on Packaging Bar code Label.


工作重點與主題

31 National body voting member8 Observers 25 Liaisons6 Working Group80 projects and standards40 International Standards16 New Proposal

-New Bar Code Symbologies, -Advance and Expansion of RFID-Mobile Commerce-Mobile item identification and management


市場走向調查

IDTechEx report RFID Forecasts, Players & Opportunities 2008-2018

- in 2008 the value of the entire RFID market will be $5.29 billion, up from $4.93 billion in 2007

This includes tags, readers and software/services for RFID cards, labels, fobs and all other form factors.

-Large national RFID schemes for transportation and national ID, ex, China

-The tagging of pallets and cases (325 million, M&S use 100 million tags)

-The tagging of animals (it becomes a legal requirement in many more territories, 90 million)-57.3% (2.26 billion) will spent on cards, from labels to active tags.


Business Demand

Military, industrial and pharmaceutical application in 2D symbologies, Data Matrix, QR code, PDF417Unique permanent identification of supply chainBattery assisted and sensor enabled RFID tags (impact on air interface and data coding)Software architecture and data securityMobile item identification and managementEnvironmental Issues—RF in health, specifically heart rate monitor.


Working Group 1: Data Carrier

有3個re-affirmation版本的文件已於2007年發布包括:-Code 128，Interleaved 2-of-5，Code39皆應用在醫療

產業上，


Working Group 2: Data Structure

除了15459系列已經發布外，前面6部已經納入國家標準，第7部有關Product packaging與第8部Transport shipments目前正在CD與WD階段。並提出一個Working Draft是關於using data structures in AIDC Media的指導手冊。


Working Group 3: Conformance

目前在WG3中, 有20個標準是已經發布或正在進行最後階段的修訂，亦因為階段任務的達成，小組會有重新編組的考量


WG4 RFID for Item Management

Subgroup 1 - Application interface protocols目前此小組最主要是將發行的標準進行改版的動作，包括:-ISO/IEC 15961 Data protocol: application interface (4 parts)-ISO/IEC 15962 Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions-ISO/IEC 24753 Application protocol: encoding and processing rules for sensors and batteries-ISO/IEC 24791 Software System Infrastructure (6 parts)針對ISO/IEC 15961-revision (Data protocol: Application Interface) 成立Data Constructs Steering Committee，集中討論與專案工作監督。



Subgroup 3 - Air Interface 最主要將2004年發布的18000系列， 5份空中介面的標準，重新加入感應

器與電磁的功能進行文件改版，新的討論議題是管理與安全性的問題。探討class 3 (半被動式)干擾問題與可能防範的重點，目前建議使用light weigh PIE (Pulse Interval Encoding)並配合heavy weigh Manchester code，搭配介面控制、電池管理、標籤能力選項。

HF Gen2 -詢答器至標籤通信採用ASK模式，PJM模式為標籤通信的另一選

擇模式

- HF & UHF 使用相同實體通信鏈結與資料編碼系統-實體層因材質不同而有差異-在數位層有較少的差異， HF 使用連續的TID(為選擇性的支援功能)- HF 規格正進行artifact test (包含前端鏈結，回傳鏈結，雜訊干擾與防碰撞) 以收集實際雜訊之環境評量

-預期每秒最大讀取量為760標籤



Subgroup 5 - Implementation Guidelines 今年完成並發布了2份標準，並持續努力，期待剩餘的各部草案能於年底發布成為標準。

-TR 24729-1 Part 1: RFID- enabled labels and packaging supporting IEO/IEC18000-6C, 今年5月發布-TR 24729-2 Part 2: Recycling and RF tags, 今年發布TR 24729-3 Part 3: Implementation and operation of UHF RFID Interrogator systems in logistics applications, PDTR ballotTR 24729-4 Part 4: RFID guideline on tag data security, DTR ballot


WG5 Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS)

目前著手進行ISO/IEC 24730-5, Information technology, Automatic identification and data capture techniques – Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) –Part 5: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz文件，前面第3部與第4部已經取消新的工作方向為Ultra Wide Band (UWB)。


WG6 Mobile Item Identification and Management

WG6 的目標是標準化有線與無線連接的自動識別技術，包括與RFID與行動電話結合的感應器，光學讀取媒介與行動電話連接技術

提案1: Air interface specification for Mobile RFID interrogator應用於行動RFID詢答器的RFID傳輸與接收的空中介面參數之新的

介面應被規範，包括頻率範圍，資料率，模組/解模組格式，資料編碼/解碼，遮罩與指令，在2006年10月後，韓國有實行數個概念驗證的測試，來驗證提案內容技術的可行性。

提案2: Air Interface Transmit Parameters for Mobile RFID此部分大致是使用18000-6 V2. 的傳輸參數，故爭議較少。提案3: Collision Resolution Algorithm For Mobile RFID Interrogators定義行動RFID在現有RFID詢答器介面規格如ISO/IEC18000-6C 的

行為。



提案4: Interface between phone and interrogator for Mobile RFID-此為技術諮詢的詢問為主，討論主題為: (1) 被標準化的內容為何? (2) 協定訊息，(3) 指令、回應與提示的訊息格式，(4)詢答器管理

介面 (5) 標籤的read/Write/Kill/Lock指令提案5: Mobile RFID application interface for Mobile RFID services (可能會把interface改為 API)，須著重在Mobile beam的應用，以EPCglobal的立場而言，希望原本的ALE指令能被採用，但韓國的系統無法使用。

提案6: Information technology – mCodemCode意指的是應用在行動RFID服務的 ID scheme，相關的服務

是由ID來驅動，提供線上服務的鏈結，ID是定義為內容與服務，而不在供應鏈管理，ID結構參考ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C以與現行的標準能結合，但內容管理與資訊可能濫用，遭到質疑。



提案7: Service broker for Mobile RFID services.服務中介者需處理儲存在RFID標籤編碼的定義，此編碼是由RFID終端點所發送，

中介者須將需求傳送至編碼服務平台(code resolution server)，此部份討論較少，

因 service broker會因應用情境而有不同發展，並且不會對硬體設計發展產生衝

擊。

提案8: Security and privacy protection for Mobile RFID services著重在行動RFID服務資料安全與使用者隱私保護的機制。但會中討論，所謂安全的

保護著重在資料傳輸安全，或內容的保護，這是不同的範圍與技術機制，再者，

RFID技術的探討，是由WG4所負責，為避免重複的工作或衝突，建議WG6應把目

標放在Mobile AIDC的安全性探討，而不是只是RFID。

提案9: Implementation guidance for Optically Readable Media (ORM) reader and ORM displayed on Mobile equipment.提供 Optically Readable Media (ORM) 讀取器，配置的應用指引，主要跟2維條碼

應用有關。

提案10: Conformance and test standards for Mobile RFID specifications行動RFID規格執行性與測試標準主要是配合現有的執行性測試與符合性測試的標

準，進而衍生到行動RFID的裝置測試，故視為標準的延伸，較少爭議討論。


EPCglobal 部分 UHF Gen2 v.1.2.0

The Board of Governors' ratification review of the specification will now take place in July 2008. 3 optional features to support specific item-level usage

使用者記憶體啟動指示器User-Memory-active (UM) indicator，讀取器需存取標籤記憶體檢視記憶體裡是否有資料，現增加了UM位元組，在標籤進行盤查時則會主動指示出記憶體內是否有資料。

Protocol延伸PC 位元組Extended PC bits (XPC)，定義標前是否或如何被重新委託。ISO 的RFID產品包裝標準與產品貼標手冊亦進入最後草案階段有利品項管理應用的使用。頻向時代的來臨，加速RFID標準與應用的蓬勃發展。

永久鎖定(Block Permalocking) 的功能，這是避免連續寫入的功能，在修訂版本中，業者可自定區塊尺寸，在使用者記憶體庫(User Memory Bank)允許多重區塊，這些功能允許供應鏈的不同結點中的使用者，避免資料的損害，使用者可以儲存維護記錄或POS資料在使用者記憶體，而不用擔心連續資料寫入的情形


HF Gen2 v1.1.0

Drafting and review process for Proposed Specification. To be presented for ratification in August 2008.Logical layer was purposely kept the same between HF and UHF, ex: use of the same command codesHF Gen2 v1.1.0 and UHF Gen2 v1.2.0 specifications optionally support the use of serialized TIDsISO has had work item to extend 18000-3 (HF) with an approach that had been incorporated into HF Gen 2


HW Conformance & Interoperability

HW ConformanceFirst certification program launched (2005)

15 reader/reader modules9 Integrated Circuits (ICs)

HW Interoperability CertificationSuccessful Launch at EPCglobal EU Conference (2006)

3 readers, 6 tags6 printers

Successful Conformance and Interoperability are now both required


Object Naming Service

GS1 France has developed an ONS root (available since April 2008)ORANGE Business Services is the subcontractor

Political concerns – Demonstrate the capacity of GS1/EPCglobal to answer to geopolitical

concerns– Introduce a distributed governance, neutral, transparent and shared

Market concerns– Allow solution providers to improve their competencies – Promote use of ONS and EPC network– Prepare the Discovery Services standard


The distributed model of EPCglobal Network

Tag reader

Filtering & Collection Capturing application

EPCIS server

Discovery

Discovery

Discovery


Tag Data Standards

TDS 1.4 TDS 1.4 (Tag Data Standard Version 1.4) has been ratified by theEPCglobal Board on June 11, and it is now available from the EPCglobal Website: http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/tds/Enable usage of final two GS1 keys to meet emerging business needs

– GDTI (Global Document Type Identifier) – GSRN (Global Service Relation Number)

TDS 1.5TDS 1.5 is currently being worked on and should be completed in Q3 2008It will incorporate:

– Defined Requirements for User memory– Use of GS1 General Spec Application Identifiers into User Memory– Other issues identified in the 60-Day EPCglobal Standards Review

http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/tds/


Application Level Event (ALE)

ALE 1.0 ratified September 200515 products certified as of June 2007 (many more on market)

ALE 1.1 ratified February 2008Full support for UHF Class 1 Gen 2 / ISO 18000-6C features: memory banks, kill/lock, etcsupport for ISO 15962 encoding (will eventually encompass EPCglobal Tag Data Standards for user memory)new API for writing tags and doing other operationsnew API for defining named memory fieldsnew API for configuring logical to physical reader mappingssecurity features

ALE 1.1 intended to be suitable both as an interface to “middleware” as well as a “high level reader protocol”


Data Discovery Joint Requirement Group

ObjectiveCreate a set of requirements which relate to EPC event data sharing among multiple participants, especially in cases where data must be shared between participants that have no prior business relationship

DeliverablesDetailed descriptions of multi-party business use cases that consider the need for:

– Traceability of a product – Product Recall– Traceability of reusable assets – Authentication of a product/ Anti-Counterfeiting – Trans-Oceanic Logistics– Chain of Custody of a product


Data Discovery JRG update

Work Completed to DateDeveloped 66-point questionnaire that details specific considerations to match to Use Case RequirementsFinalizing development of first detailed use case, Fresh Meat Traceability, brought forth by Metro GroupDeveloping outreach to Industry Action Groups to further define Use Cases specific to that industry

When Is The Standard Complete?Upon Completion of the Joint Requirements Group, business requirements will be handed to a Software Action Group to develop the technical standard


Transport & Logistics Service (TLS) Pilot

TLS Pilot Program Phase 2 completedShipment of parts such as tires and finished goods such as laptop computers, agricultural machinery and consumer electronics of international corporations Moving by air, ocean and truck from source factories in China to distribution centres in the US, flowing through the ports of Shanghai and Los Angeles

ObjectivesExpand trade lanes and modes of transportation to include both air freight and transcontinental shipmentTest and develop requirements for passive container tags (CAT, Conveyance Asset Tags ) and active RFID tags (XCAT) and the integration of these tags with associated technologies


TLS Pilot Program Phase 3 announcedOrigin is Manufacturer’s Factory or Warehouse in Japan (Near to Tokyo).Destination is Consignee’s Warehouse in Netherland (Amsterdam).Transport Mode: Ocean (lead time is 30days)Three Cargo Layer

– 18 - 36 pcs in Carton– 72 - 216 cartons in Pallet– 44 - 52 pallets in Ocean Container (40ft)

Cargo Volume: 10-15 containers / shipment a weekAround 50 containers for 4 weeks

Transport & Logistics Service (TLS) Pilot

Ocean Transport

Shipper W/HAround Tokyo area

(JP)

Port of Amsterdam

Port of Tokyo Consignee W/H (NE)

Van PoolNear Tokyo port

(JP)Van Pool

(NE)XCATCAT

XCATCAT

GEN2 XCATCAT

XCATCAT

XCATCAT

XCATCATUp to 11 Up to 10SIO

GEN2SIO

×２ ×２


ETSI 法規面

Inductive


Standards

With the exception of UHF all otherbands operate under generic standards:

EN 300 330En 300 220EN 300 440


RFID standard at UHF (OLD)

RFID standard at UHF Work started on standard in 2002Initial input suggested < 30 interrogatorsper siteUsing available technology EN 302 208proposed 10 channels at 2 W e.r.p.Interoperability achieved using LBT andAFA


Main changes to EN 302 208

Specification of 4-channel planRemoval of mandatory requirement forLBTNo restriction on antenna beamwidthbelow 500 mW e.r.p.


Features of revised standard

Permits simultaneous operation of many co-located interrogatorsImproves tag reading performancePermits use of near-field antennas for item level taggingReduces costs and complexity


Proposal for 915 – 921 MHz


歐盟預訂的新頻譜範圍

歐洲在超高頻的頻段釋放出的範圍為915 至 921 MHZ 日本在超高頻的頻段釋放出的範圍為 952 至 954 MHZ

RFID 標準簡報大綱ISO/IEC SC31Work Links工作重點與主題市場走向調查Business Demand Working Group 1: Data Carrier Working Group 2: Data StructureWorking Group 3: Conformance WG4 RFID for Item ManagementWG4 RFID for Item ManagementWG4 RFID for Item ManagementWG5 Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS)WG6 Mobile Item Identification and ManagementWG6 Mobile Item Identification and ManagementWG6 Mobile Item Identification and ManagementEPCglobal 部分 UHF Gen2 v.1.2.0HF Gen2 v1.1.0HW Conformance & InteroperabilityObject Naming ServiceThe distributed model of EPCglobal NetworkTag Data Standards Application Level Event (ALE)Data Discovery Joint Requirement GroupData Discovery JRG updateTransport & Logistics Service (TLS) PilotTransport & Logistics Service (TLS) PilotETSI 法規面StandardsRFID standard at UHF (OLD)Main changes to EN 302 208Features of revised standardProposal for 915 – 921 MHz歐盟預訂的新頻譜範圍

Documents

投影片 1 - GS1 Taiwan · 2D symbologies, Data Matrix, QR code, PDF417 Unique permanent identification of supply chain Battery assisted and sensor enabled RFID tags (impact on air