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Cal Poly Goat Program Animal Science Department
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo 805.756.2419
Lauren Christensen, Student Manager
Aaron Lazanoff, Faculty Advisor
Dr. Andrew Thulin, Department Head
Plan prepared by Lauren Christensen April 2013
© 2013 Lauren Christensen
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Table of Contents I. Executive Summary …………………………………………………………….......….... 4
o Summary Description o Management o Services o Projected Income
II. Organizational Plan …………………………………………………………………… 5-8 o Business Summary o Services o Animals o Grazing o Facilities o Management o Enterprise o Training o Duties o Accounting o Legal and Liability
III. Marketing Plan……………………………………………………………………… 9-10 o Vegetation Management o Selling Goats o Miscellaneous Services
IV. Financial Documents………………………………………………………………..….. 11 o Financial Summary
V. Future Goals ……………………………………………………………………………12 VI. Appendices…………..…………………………………………………………….……13
o Appendix A: Financial Documents Goat Herd Start-Up Costs………………………………………………..13 Condensed Costs………………………………………………………....14 Expenses 2012…………………………………………………………...15 Profit and Loss 2012-2013……………………………………………….16
o Appendix B: Supporting Documents Goat Enterprise Syllabus……………………………………………..17-18 Goat Enterprise Curriculum Outline……………………………………..19 Goat Grazing Areas Map…….…………………………………………..20 Goat Check Log………………………………………………………….21 Goat Check Schedule…………………………………………………….22 Grazing Record Sheet……………………………………………………23 Breeding and Fair Schedule……………………………………………...24 Health Flow Charts
• Conjunctivitis…………………………………………………….25 • Anemia…………………………………………………………...26 • Diarrhea………………………………………………………….27 • Respiratory Illness……………………………………………….28 • Hoof Rot…………………………………………………………29 • Mastitis…………………………………………………………...30
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o Appendix C: Standard Operating Procedures Fence Procedure………………………………………………………….31 Fence Energizer Procedure………………………………………………32 Ear Tagging and Tattooing…………………………………………...33-34 Hoof Trimming…………………………………………………………..35 Vaccination………………………………………………………………36
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Executive Summary The Cal Poly Goat Program was started in the Summer of 2012 due to increased student interest, faculty support, and the need for brush control in and around the animal units. A herd of thirty-seven goats was established for use instruction in vegetation management and general goat husbandry. The primary purpose of the Goat Program is to graze targeted areas on the Cal Poly University campus, with the goal to eventually develop a breeding herd. The Boer and Boer crossbreed goats were purchased from a 4-H project in Northern California and from a local brush control herd in Buellton, CA. Upon identifying target browsing areas, the goats are housed on location with portable electric netting for ease of movement and to maximize protection from predators. Management In addition to two to three student managers, an enterprise class is held each quarter to help with the daily care and management of the project. Student managers are in charge of organizing the enterprise students and teaching the goat enterprise. Student managers also work with the faculty advisor, Aaron Lazanoff, to make important management decisions regarding the animals and the program as a whole. The faculty advisor supervises student activity, provides guidance for the goat program in general, and advises the student managers on departmental and academic matters. The goal of the Goat Enterprise is to introduce students to general goat husbandry, to allow students to gain hands-on experience with this species, and to learn about vegetation management. Services The Goat Program will provide paid brush clearing services to the University Facilities Services Landscape Services department. The Goat Program will also provide miscellaneous services to other entities within the University, such as allowing the ADAPT Demo Farm the use of goats for training workshops. Projected Income Facilities Services is willing to pay $5,000 to have selected areas grazed by goats during the summer season. In addition, the ADAPT Demo Farm would like to make donations of $200 per training session to use the goats, with approximately five sessions per year. The Goat Program should expect to generate at least $6,000 per year, making profit in year three and recovering the $10,000 initial investment within five years.
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Organizational Plan Summary Description of Business The Cal Poly Goat Program was established in the Summer of 2012 to provide vegetation management services on the Cal Poly campus and to allow students to gain hands on experience with goats. Student interest in adding goats as an additional species in the Animal Science Department spurred the realization and development of the program. The department also experienced demand for goats to use for vegetation management at the animal units and around various facilities on campus. The Goat Program integrates Cal Poly’s hands-on, ‘Learn by Doing’ philosophy with sustainable management practices to serve the needs of students as well as the greater part of campus. The goats are a self-contained continuously mobile unit supported by existing infrastructure within the Animal Science Department and managed by a student manager, with primary faculty supervision by Aaron Lazanoff. The student manager directs the Goat Enterprise students in caring for the goats, and works with different departments on campus to meet the need for vegetation management. Eventually, the Goat Program will be merged with the existing Cal Poly Sheep operation to become the Cal Poly Small Ruminant Program. Services The Cal Poly Goat Program provides learning opportunities for students in both general goat husbandry and using goats to effectively manage vegetation. Under the guidance of a faculty advisor and student manager, students in the Goat Enterprise move the goats to various locations as requested. Enterprise students gain hands-on experience while working with the animals, including hoof trimming, vaccination, deworming and parasite control, record keeping, nutrition, and grazing management. Vegetation management services are provided to areas belonging to the Animal Science Department, Facilities, Agriculture Operations, and additional departments. The goats are used as an alternative to mowing or spraying to clear brush to reduce fire fuel, reduce noxious and invasive weeds, reduce plant growth in undesired areas, and promote growth of desired plant species. Animals At present, the Goat Program has a herd of thirty-five Boer and Boer crossbred does and wethers. Most animals are approximately 40lbs and were born in the Spring of 2012. The number of animals maintained will be enough animals to adequately graze forage in a manageable area (approximately 25-30 adult animals weighing 100lb each). Each Fall, animals will be evaluated based on their past year’s performance (weight each quarter, body condition score, sickness, docility, etc.) and culled appropriately. As needed, up to five replacement animals can be purchased or retained from kids born that year. Purchased animals should be obtained during Winter Break to facilitate quarantine and observation if needed, as well as introducing animals to range conditions during a time when forage is readily available and will continue to be available during an acclimation period. Kids born in Spring and being retained in the herd may require supplemental feeding during the summer, when forage quality and quantity is low and the nutritional demands of the growing kids are high. Grazing Due to the dynamic nature of the project, there is no concrete grazing plan. In general, animals will be grazed on different forages during different times of the year, depending on availability;
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shrubs in Summer and Fall, star thistle in Winter, and grasses in Winter and Spring. Requests for grazing areas from Animal Science facilities will have priority over other facilities within the University. Ultimately, all grazing decisions will be made to meet the nutritional needs of the goats first and foremost. If needed, protein will be supplemented by providing protein tubs during times where forage quality is low (Summer). Facilities The location of the Goat Program changes as needed to meet the nutritional demands of the goats and to provide a brush-clearing service to areas as requested. Preexisting Animal Science facilities are used and modified for goat use as needed. The goats are kept in an enclosure made of portable electric net fencing, which is powered by a solar panel, battery, and fence energizer. Where available, water is provided by hooking an automatic water trough to a spigot; otherwise, a utility trailer holds a water tank with a 500-gallon capacity. A stall at the Beef Unit has been ‘goat-proofed’ with additional wire paneling and is used to hold goats that are sick, injured, under quarantine, or otherwise need to be contained for easy observation. The working pens at the Swine Unit are used with permission to process the entire herd for weighing, ear tagging, hoof trimming, and administering medication or dewormer. Management The faculty advisor for the Goat Program is Aaron Lazanoff. Aaron is the Cal Poly Beef Operations Manager and has experience with goats from when he was the ranch manager for the Santa Margarita Ranch. Additional faculty in the Animal Science Department may be called upon for advice pertinent to their area of expertise. At present, Lauren Christensen is the student manager for the Goat Program and the manager for the Goat Enterprise. Lauren had goats in 4-H and in her high school ag program, and was responsible for developing the Goat Program at Cal Poly. In the future, one to three student managers will be in charge of overseeing the goat herd, the goat enterprise students, and coordinating with the Animal Science Department and other departments on campus to provide brush-clearing services. Enterprise The Goat Enterprise will be offered each quarter with a focus on introducing students to general husbandry of goats and vegetation management. The enterprise course syllabus and outline were developed by Lauren Christensen. Topics covered include, but are not limited to, goat breeds and uses, goat health, nutrition and feeding, and management of vegetation and plant identification. Students will gain hands-on experience while working with the animals, including hoof trimming, vaccination, deworming and parasite control, and record keeping. The schedule of activities will change as necessary to serve the needs of the animals and the students. Materials pertaining to the Goat Enterprise, including syllabus and general course outline, can be found in the Supporting Documents section. Training All enterprise students and managers will undergo training each quarter, or annually, as necessary. Training topics include but are not limited to:
• Understanding and using flight zone to move animals • Proper handling and restraint
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• All Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) • Sharps safety • Electric fence safety and setup • Poison oak identification • State vehicle licensing
Duties Faculty
• Advise student managers on departmental and academic matters • Make final decisions regarding animals and students • Provide active support to the Goat Program • Authorize and make purchases • Act as a liason between the Goat Program and departments outside Animal Science who
wish to have services provided by goats Student Manager(s)
• Work with faculty advisor and various departments to organize movement of goats to requested locations
• Keep track of general goat health and make decisions based on the well-being of the animals
• Teach topics in general goat husbandry to students in the Goat Enterprise at weekly meetings
• Teach students how to move goats, build fence, etc • Schedule checks and workdays for enterprise students • Ensure enterprise students have accomplished tasks to the level of completion necessary;
constructively assist or instruct students as needed • Maintain all records • Seek help as needed
Enterprise Students
• Follow directions of student manager(s) and faculty advisor • Assist managers with moving goats and building and picking up fence • Participate in weekly enterprise meetings • Complete and turn in all assignments in a timely manner • Complete all assigned tasks and perform all scheduled goat checks • Make suggestions and ask questions • Seek help as needed
Accounting The Goat Program is to be set up within Animal Science Department as an animal unit with a Cal Poly Corporation account. Legal and Liability All legal matters fall under the jurisdiction of the Cal Poly Corporation attorney in the California Polytechnic State University Legal Office. Liability is under jurisdiction of the Animal Science Department.
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All students will undergo safety training and sign all necessary liability forms prior to engaging in any activity. All grazing contracts will include liability forms.
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Marketing Plan The purpose of the marketing plan is to generate income to cover the costs of the Goat Program and make profit. The three main marketing targets are offering vegetation management services to Cal Poly departments outside Animal Science, selling goats, and providing goats for additional miscellaneous services. All marketing can be accomplished by networking with various groups within the University. Vegetation Management Cal Poly Facilities Landscape Management has requested the use of the goats to create a firebreak in the vegetation behind the Yosemite, Sierra Madre, and Fremont Halls, the Cero Vista Apartments, and Poly Canyon Village. In the past, facilities has worked with an outside contractor to bring in goats for brush control between the last day of Spring Quarter and the first day of Fall Quarter. Facilities has offered to pay $5000 to the Cal Poly Goat Program to have the goats clear brush in those areas for the summer season. In addition, facilities will allow us to graze additional areas around campus throughout the year as needed, and may be willing to pay an additional fee to have goats graze those areas. When considering grazing new areas for different departments, fees should be based upon approximately $1.75 per goat per day, with a one-acre area (5 lengths of fence) being grazed for approximately a week depending on the goats’ nutritional needs, forage type and availability, terrain, and desired level of brush clearing. Contracts and liability forms will be signed prior to providing any services. Selling Goats The two main outlets to sell goats would be as meat animals or weaned kids for show in market classes at fairs. After exploration and research, it was determined that selling goats for meat is not profitable. Goat meat is in demand from local Hispanic and other ethnic groups, however, those customers are not willing to pay a premium for the meat. The lack of supplemental feeding and low dressing percent (~40%) makes selling goats for meat through the Cal Poly Meat Processing Center not cost effective or efficient. Another option is to breed select does to well-muscled bucks and sell weaned kids to local 4-H and FFA members to show in market goat classes at fairs. This could be cost effective if a buck was loaned to us and breeding fee donated, or semen donated and the does bred through AI. The breeding would be timed so does would kid at a time when forage was readily available, and kids could be weaned and sold at two months of age. This would ensure the does would not be lactating and growing kids would not be retained during a time where forage quality cannot meet their nutritional needs. As needed, up to five replacement animals should be purchased or retained from kids born that year. A calendar including fairs, breeding dates, kidding dates, and ethnic holidays where goat meat would be in demand is included in Appendix B.
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Miscellaneous Services The Agricultural Development for Afghanistan Pre-Deployment Training (ADAPT) Demo Farm has requested the use of goats for demonstration purposes. The ADAPT Farm hosts training sessions for military personnel working in Afghanistan to expose them to different aspects of agriculture. The farm was previously renting goats from an outside source and is excited to be working with a Cal Poly group. Their USDA sponsored grant allows them to make donations to the Goat Program to compensate for our time; currently, they are willing to make a donation of $200 per training workshop, with sessions in November and December 2012, January, February, and May 2013. Five goats are brought to the ADAPT Farm Monday afternoon and returned to the herd after the conclusion of the workshop on Thursday afternoon, and kept overnight in an approved, securely fenced area where water, feed, and shelter is provided. Goat Enterprise students are welcomed at the training sessions to answer questions, but our attendance is not required. The goats may be requested for use in additional miscellaneous services within the University. Contracts and liability forms will be prepared by the Cal Poly Corporation legal council and will be signed prior to providing any services.
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Financial Summary Financial Needs The Cal Poly Goat Program is seeking funds to cover startup costs as well as ongoing costs through the next five years. Startup costs include animals, fence, and equipment. The funds needed total approximately $10,000. Projected Expenses Initial costs to start the project are higher than typical annual expenses. Once things are settled, purchases for miscellaneous supplies, veterinary supplies, and fence supplies will presumably account for approximately $2,000 annually (20% of the initial $10,000 startup investment). Projected Income After the first year, income should be reliable after renewing contracts for grazing services with Cal Poly Facilities Landscaping and the ADAPT Demo Farm on an annual basis. Facilities has agreed to pay the Goat Program $5,000 to graze the areas behind the dorms during the summer season. The ADAPT Farm has agreed to donate $200 per training session in exchange for the use of five goats for their demonstration workshops. In the 2012-2013 academic year, there are five workshops scheduled, totaling $1,000 in donations. In total, the Goat Program expects to see at least $6,000 in income for the 2012-2013 year, and each year after that (60% of the initial $10,000 startup investment annually), leading to recoup the initial investment within three years. This summary is accompanied by financial documents in Appendix A.
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Future Goals Though the main objective of the Goat Program is to maintain a herd of goats for brush control, future opportunities should not be ignored. In order to augment and advance the Goat Program, additional goals shall be explored in the next five years.
• A group of enterprise students will be sent to attend the Goat Day program at UC Davis each January to represent Cal Poly within the professional community and to learn about goat management practices such as breeding, healthcare, and research updates.
• Possible partnership with UC Davis for breeding services and replacement animals. • Contact Sweetlix and other makers of commercial goat products for sponsorship and
donations. • Seek grant money form USDA and other organizations for research on goats used to
manage vegetation. • Possible expansion to offer services outside the University (Cuesta College, County
property bordering Escuela Ranch, etc.) • Meat goat program business plan • Dairy goat program business plan • Goat Program booth at Open House
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16
ASCI 290 Goat Enterprise Syllabus Spring 2013 Meeting times: Monday 12-‐1pm; work days Friday and/or Saturday Student Managers: Faculty Advisor: Lauren Christensen Aaron Lazanoff, Beef Operations Manager Rachel Pindroh Kacey Capuchino Prerequisites: Completion or concurrent enrollment in ASCI 112 Course Description: The enterprise student team will make management decisions to direct the Goat Program at Cal Poly. Students are expected to contribute ideas and work as a team in weekly discussions and activities. By participating, students will gain meaningful experience in the handling and management of a herd of small ruminants and will be exposed to many of the same decisions that a food animal producer would face. Credit for ASCI 290: 1 unit, Credit/No Credit. Course objectives: 1. Practice methods applied in animal research and/or management. 2. Practice the discipline of self-‐motivation and self-‐directed learning. 3. Demonstrate communication skills in a small group environment. 4. Be able to set clear and achievable goals in a small group environment. Learning outcomes: 1. Can identify and clearly state the problem. 2. Identify the goals of a project and determine how they relate to a problem. 3. Understand the process of applying a solution to a problem and adjusting the solution as
required. 4. Identify, incorporate and apply previously learned material to more advance learning situations. 5. Can demonstrate leadership by example. 6. Engages peers in discussions or work that advance a common goal. 7. Demonstrates work ethic required to accomplish common goals; includes timeliness. 8. Demonstrates ability to follow common goals within a team environment. 9. Demonstrate the integration of basic concepts into a whole animal system. 10. Participate in and demonstrate proficiency with current technologies associated with chosen
concentration. Location: Mondays 12-‐1pm in 22-‐311, Friday and Saturday workdays per instructor’s discretion and activity requirements. Students will be working in animal areas, outdoors in all weather conditions. Schedule: Course activities will be scheduled according to the demands of the designated projects. Involvement in course activities may occur at any time, including time periods during weekends and academic holidays. Class attendance: Students are expected to attend class. Participation in activities outside of the schedule class time is required and may occur during academic holidays. Attendance will be regularly assessed and taken into account during grading.
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Required materials: Students must dress according to established department guidelines: long pants are strongly suggested; open-‐toed shoes are not permitted. Rubber or work boots are suggested. Students that report to class or related activities without proper footwear will be considered absent and/or in conflict with biosecurity and safety standard operating procedures, and will be asked to leave until they are in compliance with the dress code. Grading system: Grades will be based on the following criteria: 20% Attendance 20% Assignments 30% Moving goats, fence 30% Goat and fence checks Grading scale: > 70% Credit, < 70% No Credit Accommodation for students with disabilities: If you have a disability that may require assistance or accommodation, or you have questions related to any accommodations for testing, note takers, readers, etc., please speak with the instructor as soon as possible. Academic integrity: Academic integrity is for your benefit. Don’t risk a failing grade with dishonest behavior. Student behavior: The University is committed to maintaining a safe and healthy living and learning environment for students, faculty, and staff. Each member of the campus community must choose behaviors that contribute toward this end. Students are expected to be good citizens and to engage in responsible behaviors that reflect well upon their university, to be civil to one another and to others in the campus community, and contribute positively to student and university life. Student behavior that is not consistent with the Student Conduct Code is addressed through an educational process that is designed to promote safety and good citizenship and, when necessary, impose appropriate consequences. http://www.osrr.calpoly.edu/standardsforconduct/title5.asp During all class sessions (lecture and lab), cell phones will be powered down (off); no texting will occur; laptops may not be used for messaging or internet access. Violation of this policy will negatively impact discretionary points assigned by the instructor (see Grading System). Identified Risks of Participation The following potential risks related to activities included in this University program are intended to assist participants in evaluating the risk of participation and assumption of those risks by agreement. Additional risks, foreseen and unforeseeable, common and uncommon, may also exist and are assumed as consideration for acceptance of registration and participation in this University academic program. 1. Bodily injury – pain, suffering, disability 2. Death 3. Property damage – damage to personal property Additional Notes: Changes in syllabus may be made during the quarter, as required.
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Goat Enterprise Outline Spring 2013 Week 1: No Class 4/1 Week 2: Introduction 4/8
• Course and Program overview • Scheduling for weekend workdays and weekly checks
o Assignment: Goat Breed o Workday: Safety Training and Flight Zone
Week 3: Goat 101 and Breed Presentations 4/15
• Goat Breed presentations o Workday: Fence, hoof trimming
*** Open House display Week 4: Rangeland 101 4/22
• Rangeland presentation o Assignment: Goat Disease o Workday: Fence, goat weights, take fecal samples to Vet Clinic
Week 5: Health 4/29
• Goat Disease Presentations o Workday: Fence, deworming or vaccination
*** Mid State Dairy Goat Show Saturday, May 4 in Paso Robles Week 6: Meat 5/6
• Body parts, conformation, showing o Workday: Fence, goat judging activity
Week 7: Dairy 5/13
• Dairy goat presentation o Workday: Fence, repair fence (wires, uprights, metal post ends), inventory
Week 8: Repro/Kidding 5/20
• Embryo transfer video o Workday: Fence, trim hooves
Week 9: Management Techniques 5/27
• Tattooing, disbudding/dehorning, castration o Workday: Fence, tattooing
Week 10: TBA 6/3
• Workday: Fence, goat weights *Weekly topics/activities subject to change
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20
Goat Check Log Check fence is up, energizer is on, water is full and clean, count goats (35) Date Time Initial Initial Comments
21
Mon
day
Tues
day
Wed
nesd
ayTh
ursd
ayFr
iday
Satu
rday
Sund
ay8:
15 A
M7:
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M8:
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Goat Program Grazing Record Sheet Location: _____________________________________________________________________
Start Date: ___/___/___ End Date: ___/___/___ # of Goats: _______
GPS Coordinates (approximate): N_______________ W_______________
Water: ________________________________________________________________________
Size/Lengths of fencing: _________________________________________________________
Plants: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Terrain: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Weather: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Pros, Cons, Additional Comments: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Jan.
Feb.
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May
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Conjunctivitis: reluctance to sunlight exposure, blinking, swollen,
inflamed conjunctiva (clear tissue lining inner eyelid), redness, tearing,
green or yellow mucoid discharge
If eye appears ulcerated (cloudy, covering over the iris appears to have
risen outward from eyeball surface), perform
fluorescein stain with strips to confirm existence of ulcer
Without Ulceration
Inject oxytetracycline (LA 200 or equivalent) 200 mg/ml at 5 cc per 100
pounds bodyweight SQ for five consecutive days
Mix three equal parts
gentamycin sulfate 100 mg/ml, sterile water, and
dexamethasone; and spray the affected eye twice a day for atleast three consecutive
days
Clean affected area and administer a “strip” of Triple Antibiotic Ointment (Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates
and Bacitracin Zinc Opthalmic Ointment) to lid of affected eye at
least twice daily until vision returns and cloudiness decreases
NOTE: DO NOT TREAT ULCERATED EYES WITH
DEXAMETHASONE, GENTOCIN DURAFILM
OR OTHER STEROID PRODUCTS
Isolate from the rest of the herd and house in a clean
dry place out of direct sunlight
In one eye In both eyes (indicates bacterial infection such as Infectious
Keratoconjunctivitis (Pink eye)
Roll down eyelid to check for foreign body: thorn, twig, leaf, debris, etc.
If located, carefully remove and flush with saline.
Call vet clinic for Proparacaine and apply 3 drops one minute apart
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kjfkdjffrdkfg Anemia: weakness, pale mucous membranes, (gums and tongue in mouth) Compare to other animals in herd if unsure
PCV< 20 indicates anemia
If PCV < 15 may need infusion CALL VET
Run a PCV (packed cell
volume) to check for anemia PCV between
30-45 is considered
normal
No anemia: Call vet if still
concerned
Veterinary suggestions and procedures may include: Checking for lice infestation (pruritis, hair loss, weight loss) If sucking lice, may inject Ivermectin 0.1mg/ 10lb sq (.1cc of 1% Ivermectin/10lb body weight), repeat after 2 to 3 weeks, and also inject iron (Ferrodex 100, 4cc/100 lbs or oral Red
Cell, 6cc/100 lbs) If no apparent parasitism, veterinarian may administer Vitamin
B12 (4cc/100 lbs) IM with iron
SELENIUM DEFICIENCY CAN ALSO CAUSE ANEMIA,
PREGNANCY, AND PRODUCTION OF
STILLBORN OR WEAK KIDS: To prevent, inject 1 cc/ 40 lbs
Bo-Se IM/SQ twice yearly
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Diarrhea
Anorexia, weakness, depression,
bloat
Coccidiosis treatment: 25 mg. / lb parenteral sulfadimethoxine
(Albon) initially followed by an additional 4 days at 12.5 mg. / lb
SQ or orally in milk
Fecal float
Coccidia present
Worms present
Refer to illustrated diagram
(Cal Poly Vet Clinic)
With fever Without fever
With blood
Call vet
Base worm treatment
(deworming SOP) off of
types of eggs found
E.coli: Dysentery,
appetite loss, dryness of hair/
skin (dehydration)
Orally administer Pepto Bismol 2cc every 4-6
hours for kids under one week, 5cc every 4-6 for kids up to one month.
Follow with oral ruminant probiotic
Severe diarrhea in young kids: inject 1cc/100 lbs Banamine IM every 36 hours at the
most
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Respiratory Illnesses (Pneumonia): Labored
Breathing/ Acute Respiratory Distress, Violent Coughing,
Accelerated Respiration
Without fever (May be bronchitis requiring no treatment
Call vet if persists
With fever, anorexia,
depression
Reluctance to walk, standing with limbs
abducted (drawn away from body)
and neck extended
Inject 5cc/ 100 lbs Naxcel (ceftiofur
sodium) IM for five consecutive days
OR
Inject 1cc/ 25 lbs Nuflor (Florfenicol) IM
every other day for atleast three injections
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Hoof rot
Swelling & redness between the toes of the hoof,
lameness, foul odor. Severe cases will show decaying
black tissue.
Treat with topical anitifungal/
antibacterial/astringent (zinc sulfate or copper
sulfate) such as Kopertox
Trim feet to remove necrotic tissue
If no improvement after 3-5 days treatment,
consult veterinarian for suggestions on
antibiotic administration
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Mastitis
Doe off-feed Abnormal milk: clumps,
blood Swollen, red, hot udder
Fever
Milk out infected udder(s)
Conduct California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine somatic cell count in milk
sample
Treat with 1/2 tube of ToDay (cephapirin sodium) into each side of the infected udder and dose again in 2 days.
Treat with penicillin at 3 cc/100 pounds body weight twice a day for
5 days.
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Goat Electric Fence Procedure Fencing Set-Up
• Carefully unroll the fence bundle. Hold the center of the posts in one hand and let the wire netting lay flat.
• Stand so that you are facing the wire netting, which should be pointing towards where you want to put your first post. Your back should be to the direction you want to set the fence.
• Holding the center of the post, take the end post and toss it away from you so that it unfolds that length of wire netting.
• Walk backwards until the wire netting is taut. Grab the next post in the fence (it may not be at the top of the bundle) and toss it out.
• Continue until the entire length of fence is laid out. • Pound the end post securely into the ground. Make sure that the post is straight and not
bent when you pound it in. It does not have to be in all the way to the base of the white post, but it should stand firmly by itself. If the ground is too hard, move the post a few inches toward or away from you to find a better spot.
• Continue with the rest of the posts, keeping tension on the bottom wire. The post can be angled to increase tension on the top wire, but the fence can have some slack as long as the goats can’t jump over it.
• To join to another length of fencing, set the first post next to the last post about 5” apart. Tie the posts together loosely with a piece of hay twine or string. Connect the metal clips on each of the posts (top clip to top clip, lower clip to lower clip).
• Finish by connecting two lengths of fence together or by setting the last post near an existing fence or wall and securing it with string.
Fencing Tear-Down
• Make sure that the energizer is off and disconnected from the fence before you start picking it up.
• Pull the posts straight out and collect them, keeping the net fence on one side and all posts facing the same direction (ie. Pick up the posts so that the net goes underneath and keep the black wire on the bottom)
• When you reach the end of a section, untie anything connecting the posts and disconnect the metal clips at the top and the bottom.
• With all of the posts at one side and the net on the other, roll the net side toward the posts like you would roll up a sleeping bag. You should have a roll of net fence with the posts on the outside when you finish.
• Use some string to tie the roll up so it will not come undone while you move it to another location.
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Goat Electric Fence Energizer Procedure Solar Panel Battery Energizer Set-Up
• Position the solar panel. If possible, lean the panel against a fence post, large rock, etc. otherwise lay the panel flat on the ground to have as much sun exposure as possible. Make sure it is not in water or in a place where it may get wet and out of the way of people and animals who may interfere with it.
• Connect the solar panel to the battery. The wire is attached to the back of the solar panel. It splits into two with a metal loop and colored insulation plastic at each end. The wire loop with the red insulation marked ‘+’ goes over the bolt with a wingnut marked ‘+’ on the battery. Screw the wingnut on over the loop to hold it in place. Repeat with the other wire (black insulation, ‘-‘ connection).
• Connect the energizer to the battery. The black wire from the back of the battery splits into two alligator clamps. The red clamp is clipped onto the peg on the battery marked ‘+’ and the black clamp is clipped onto the peg marked ‘-‘.
• Connect the energizer to the fence and ground. The red wire attached to the front of the energizer ending in a red alligator clamp is hot. Clip the alligator clamp to the topmost or third wire from the top of the fence. The green wire attached to the front of the energizer ending in a green alligator clamp is the ground. Clip the alligator clamp on a ground rod or on a metal fence, post, etc. that will provide adequate grounding.
• Energizer Settings: o Rabbit with a half moon means slow pulse during the day and fast at night
This setting is optimum for animals that are more active at night and possibly to keep more predators out at night
o Turtle with a half moon means rapid pulse during the day and slow at night This setting is optimum for animals who are more active during the day
o The half circle means half power and rapid pulse o The full circle means full power and rapid pulse o The empty circle means off, so no energy is running
• To check that the energizer is working, you should see the indicator lights flashing at the top left of the energizer. If they are not flashing, turn the energizer off and make sure that all of the connections to the fence, battery, and solar panel are secure. If they are secure, you may need to check the fence to make sure everything is connected and that there is no place where it is touching something that is causing it to ground out. If nothing is wrong with the fence or connections, the battery or the energizer might be dead-ask a manager for help to check those.
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Goat Ear Tagging and Tattooing Procedure
Ear Tagging: Ear tagging on goats is required by the National Goat Identification System. The NGIS
requires goat owners to double tag (or single tag and tattoo) all their animals meant for breeding or eventual slaughter.
Ear tagging is used for identification of individual animals within a herd owned by the same person, or within a herd of mixed ownership. Tagging is also used for record keeping about breeding, illness or injury, and marketing. Tags can give information about the sex, herd owner, year of birth, breed, individual ID, and sire of individual animals. In addition, the USDA provides free scrapie tags for the scrapie-free flock certification program.
Ear tags are not a form of permanent identification because they can get caught and get pulled out of the ear. For this reason, the goat should be tattooed with its individual animal ID and herd prefix.
Equipment: eartag and a tag applicator Types of ear tags available: many different types, colors, and shapes of ear tags are available. The most popular ones are the brightly colored, flexible plastic ones as they are the easiest to read from a distance, but can prove to be easier to get caught and pulled out than the metal ones. How to apply ear tags:
1. Load the proper number into the ear tag applicator, making sure the pieces are in their correct slots.
2. Restrain the goat chosen for ear tagging by straddling it and holding its head against your thigh, with the chosen ear available to the tagger.
3. Locate the proper tagging area on the goat’s ear. This should be between large veins and the cartilaginous ridges that run inside the goat’s ears.
4. Position the tag applicator over the area you wish to apply the tag, making sure it is towards the center of the ear, and about two-thirds up from the end so as to reduce the chances of it getting caught and pulled out.
5. Also make sure the top and bottom parts of the tag are on the correct sides of the ear for best visibility.
6. Squeeze the tag applicator strongly to make sure the sharp stud piece of the tag pierces the ear and clicks into place with the other half of the tag.
7. Remove the tag applicator and repeat steps 1-6 for the other ear. 8. Release the goat after both tags are applied.
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Tattooing: Tattooing is used for identification of animals within a herd. Animals that the owner
intends to register, show, have appraised, or include in the scrapie program must have identification tattoos. Registration tattoos should go in the right side, and personal ID tattoos in the left side. Tattoos may only be four digits long.
Goats can be tattooed inside the ear flap or in the tail web if the goats ears are not large enough (as is the case for the LaMancha breed).
Equipment:
1. Tattoo pliers 2. Tattoo ink, green or a darker color to show up
inside the goat’s ears 3. A set of tattoo digits, size 3/8’’ needles are
usually preferred for goats 4. A stiff brush to rub ink into imprint
How to tattoo:
1. Insert the proper numbers and letters into the pliers and test on a piece of paper to make sure the tattoo will read correctly once applied.
2. Restrain the goat by straddling it and holding its head against your thigh, with the chosen ear available to the operator.
3. Clean the inside of the ear from dirt, grease, and wax using a damp cloth with rubbing alcohol.
4. Align the pliers inside the ear so they lie parallel to the cartilaginous ridges and between any large veins.
5. Imprint the tattoo by making a quick, firm movement of closing the pliers on the ear. Release quickly.
-‐ The imprint should be firm enough to pierce the skin, but not hard enough to make the ear bleed
6. Rub ink into the imprint immediately after removing the pliers. This can be done either with your thumb and forefinger, or with a stiff brush such as a toothbrush.
7. Release the goat after the tattoo is finished and let the imprint heal.
The Cal Poly Goat Program will follow the tattooing procedure for identification set by the American Boer Goat Association. The herd prefix, CPSLO, will be placed in the right ear, and the animal’s year letter and individual ID number will be placed in the left ear. The year letters will follow the ABGA year letters, and individual animals will be numbered in the order born that year (i.e. the first, second, and third kids born in 2012 would be B01, B02, B03).
Tattoo Year Letters (I, O, Q, and U are not used) 2006-V 2007-W 2008-X 2009-Y 2010-Z 2011-A 2012-B 2013-C 2014-D 2015-E 2016-F 2017-G 2018-H 2019-J 2020-K
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Goat Hoof Trimming Procedure
Why trim hooves? Goat owners and ranchers trim their animals’ hooves in order to ensure the continued health of their animals. Goats naturally wear down their hooves on rough surfaces, but the side walls often grow faster than they wear down when the animals are on softer ground. They may develop problems like hoof rot or misshaped hooves that make it uncomfortable to walk. The goal in trimming a goat’s hooves is to make the side walls flush with the sole so dirt cannot get trapped and rot cannot set in. Equipment: hoof trimmers How to Trim Hooves:
1. Restrain goat by either having someone hold onto the head so the trimmer can pick up the feet, or flip the goat onto its side and pin it to the ground.
2. Clean out excess dirt from the hooves to make trimming easier. 3. Trim away side walls of the hooves, making sure to get both sides of both toes of the
hoof. -‐ You are aiming to make the side wall flush with the sole, make sure you do not
cut too much or you can make the goat bleed -‐ Cut out any dirt pockets you find to make sure rot does not set in, this may
require you to cut at the toe of the hoof as dirt
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Goat Vaccination Standard Operating Procedure Clostridium Types C & D, Tetanus Toxoid
When to administer CD&T vaccinations 3 weeks of age:
• Give first CD&T vaccination 6 weeks of age:
• Give second CD&T vaccination Annually:
• CD&T booster Do not vaccinate within 21 days before slaughter. If vaccinating a pregnant doe, vaccinate approximately 30 days before kidding. Dosage The proper dosage amount is 2cc (2ml). The dosage is the same for all goats, no matter what size or age. How to administer vaccine Gather your supplies: • Vaccine • Disposable needle and syringe • Alcohol and cotton balls or other wipes • Container for sharps (used needles), which you can purchase at a drug store Before giving the injection, wipe the top of the vaccine vial with alcohol to ensure it is sterile. Insert the needle into the bottle and withdraw the required dose of medication. Withdraw the needle from the bottle, tap the syringe, and depress the plunger slightly to push out any bubbles. To give an SQ injection: 1. Lift the skin into a tent. 2. Insert the needle under the skin into the tent, toward the body. Make sure that the needle isn't
in the skin or muscle, or through the other side of the tent. 3. Inject the medication and remove the needle. 4. Discard the needle and syringe into your sharps container. Give injections in the neck just in front of the shoulder, or in the loose skin in the armpit.
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