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VYCON

REGEN® for RailFlywheel Energy Storage

1

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Why Store Energy in Metro Rail?

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Cost of Energy

3

1 TWh

1.4 TWh

3.4 TWh

Traction Energy Costs

65-75%

Electricity Costs

15-20%

Metro Op Costs100%

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DC bus regulation energy from regenerative braking

Electricity, Consumption and Losses

Traction Energy Costs

65-75%

Electricity Costs

15-20%

Metro Op Costs100%

4

Storable Energy

A portion of 3% is Recoverable

of total Operational

Cost Savings Braking Loss

100%

Traction Loss

Traction Energy

Motors 8%

Resistance 16%

Converters 2%

Transmission 4%

Auxiliary Systems 20%Braking Loss 17%

Regenerative Energy

33%

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Carbon Footprint

5

Electricity use contributes nearly 90% of a metro’s carbon footprint

CO2 Emissions of thirty large metros worldwide

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Energy Saved; Lowering CO2 Footprint

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• In 2013/14 regenerative braking was introduced on the London Underground.

• As a result, London Underground was able to serve 3% more passenger km whilst producing 4% less grams of CO2.

Energy Saved = Direct Lowering of CO2 Footprint

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Energy is Here and Now

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• DC to DC regenerated energy is more efficient• Enables peak shaving and voltage regulations• Delinks savings from scheduled synchronization• Minimal interference with the rail network

Storage is Central to Supply and Demand Inequalities

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Storage – Why and Where?

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Where?Onboard Wayside

Lower transmission loss Can stabilize local substation

Useable only locally in train Can transfer between trains

Higher energy capacity required for similar savings

Lower energy capacity required for similar savings

Diminishing returns with weight Less constrained in size and space and weight

Space-constrained

Higher installation and operational cost

Lower costs overall

Allows catenary-free operation

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Energy Storage Technologies

Batteries• Longer cycle time• High energy

density• Lower life• Long Term Storage• Grid Stabilization

Flywheels• High energy density• Very long life (virtually

unlimited cycle life)• High Conversion Efficiency• High Energy Cycling• Mission Critical Power Bridge

ELDC (Supercapacitors)• Shorter Cycle times• Limited life in cycles• Stringent temperature

constraints• Ultra Fast Discharge• Portable Application

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What’s the Right Technology?

• Cycle every 75 – 90 seconds• Easy installation• Modular units• No need for

– Climate control– Cell management– Special auxiliary systems

• Minimal or no maintenance

Optimized Technology in One Package for Metro Rail> Energy density > Power density > Cycle life

Attributes

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Energy Storage Decision Criterion

• Efficiency

• Reliability

• Life

Payback Economics} =

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REGEN® for RAIL

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Energy Storage Systems

Stores and recycles energy to reduce peak loads or even out demand sags and surges

Energy Recycling

REGEN® for Rail

• 125kW of continuous cycling capability

• 10,000 to 20,000 RPM• 750VDC and 1500VDC • 18 secs charge/ discharge of full

energy• Unlimited cycling to full power

(charge-discharge) every 75 - 90 seconds

• Payback of 4 to 6 years in Rail applications

• Long +20 year life

REGEN®

LA Metro WESS Project

REGEN® for Rail

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Flywheel Energy Storage

To 3rd Rail DC Bus

Flywheel withMagnetic LevitationController

Soft Start

Power Conversion Module & Controller

User GUI

14

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Next Generation Flywheel Design

• “Mechanical battery” – stores energy by spinning a mass, produces high power output for short duration (10-30 seconds)

• Dual Mode Motor / Generator –converts kinetic energy into electricity when needed, quickly charges (converts electricity into kinetic energy) to be ready for next event

• Five-axis active magnetic levitation – eliminates any bearing maintenance, no fiction losses.

• Efficient – high speed permanent magnet motor/generator in a low friction environment

• Key Benefit – 20 year operating life with no flywheel maintenance

RotorPermanent Magnet

StatorDual Mode Motor/Generator

Hub4340 Aerospace steel

Magnetic BearingsFully active 5-Axis

HousingVacuum environment

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Basic Operational Sequence

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DC

Sw

itchG

ear

METRO

Utility Power480VAC, 3Ф

FWU1

DCAC

DCAC

DCAC

DCAC

FWU2 FWU3 FWU4

4line Display

4line Display

4line Display

4line Display

VYCON RR500

WESSRealTimeController

Rectifier 01

Rectifier 02

Modbus

Status &Control

I Line V Line

I Line

V Line

Rail DC Bus

FWM2

FWM1

FWM3

FWM4

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Basic Operational Sequence

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DC

Sw

itchG

ear

METRO

Utility Power480VAC, 3Ф

FWU1

DCAC

DCAC

DCAC

DCAC

FWU2 FWU3 FWU4

4line Display

4line Display

4line Display

4line Display

VYCON RR500

WESSRealTimeController

Rectifier 01

Rectifier 02

Modbus

Status &Control

I Line V Line

I Line

V Line

Rail DC Bus

FWM2

FWM1

FWM3

FWM4

START CMD

Start Up Ready Charging Fully Charged Discharge Ready

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LA Metro Energy Storage(WESS Project)

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• US DoT, LA Metro, VYCON teamed up to apply a state-of-the-art WESS

• Scope: 2MW / 8.2 kWh REGEN® for Rail System at Traction Power Substation

– Ready for expansion to 6MW/24.6 kWh capacity

• Benefits:– Save Energy– Reduce peak power demand – Provide voltage support – Substitute for substations in a new or

expanded line

• Operating continually since 2014– Continuously monitored for data

analysis and operational optimization for 3 years

– Controls capable of switching modes based on maximum benefit to Metro (energy savings vs peak power vs voltage stabilization)

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Traction Energy Saved

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• Every 24 hours, WESS saves an average of 1.6 MWh or 14.2% • Maximum Energy Saved: 31%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

201

211

221

231

241

251

261

271

281

Ener

gy Sa

ved

(%)

Ener

gy Sa

ved

by W

ESS (

MW

h)

Day

Energy Saved by WESS % Energy Saved

LA Metro Westlake WESS Energy Saved

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LA Metro Savings

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Everyday the REGEN® for Rail system at LA Metro saves an average of 1.6-1.8 MWh energy while providing:• No maintenance• No energy degradation • Minimal size and weight compared to

batteries or super caps• Over 20 years of life• No need for temperature regulation• No health risks due to chemical leaks• Minimal cost /kw compared to other

storage devices• Easy to add or remove modules due

to changing schedules• Real-time monitoring

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VYCON Energy Storage

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• Established in field since 2003• Subsidiary of Calnetix Technologies; largest

flywheel manufacturer in the world• Over 1,200 units operating• Mission Critical Markets

– UPS– Emergency services (Medical)– Defense

• Cyclic Energy Saving – Ports– Industrial– Rail

• Worldwide Certified OEM partners

Venky KrishnanDirector, Business Development& Special Programs vkrishnan@calnetix.com

Visit us at Booth #E09

Thank You