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Canterbury Earthquakes (2010‐2011)

and more…

Asif  Iqbal

Opus International Consultants Ltd., Wellington

Formerly University of  Canterbury, Christchurch

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The first

 early

 morning

 wake

 up

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Past 

10 

years, 

Focal 

depth 

< 

40km

Source: GNS website

New Zealand

 gets

 shakes

 regularly

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But not

 Christchurch!

The Pacific Plate 

moves west and 

southwest by 

30‐60mm a year 

and rides over 

the Australian 

Plate south

 of 

 Fiordland

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Date: 04.09.2010 4:35 am (NZ Standard time)

Magnitude: Mw 7.1

Focal depth: 10 kmMaximum Intensity: MMIS VIII

Until this

 time...

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It happened

 much

 closer

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The ground

 moved

Source: GNS website

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Source: GNS website

There were numerous places where the offset could be measured – 

right lateral up to about 3 m, with variable vertical throw (mostly <1m).

And was

 also

 visible

 from

 the

 below

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Source: GNS website

The whole

 region

 was

 shaken

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The ground

 liquefied

 and

 cracked

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…With serious

 consequences

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Not  just

 buried

 in

 sand

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…Although not

 completely

 unexpected

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Roads damaged

 and

 moved

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The infrastructure

 was

 also

 affected

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…Some very

 badly

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Source: GNS website

Shaking was

 also

 felt

 in

 the

 city

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The CBD

 was

 transformed

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Unreinforced masonry

 collapsed

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…And many

 more

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…Some on

 the

 streets

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Didn’t stop

 immediately

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Houses 

were 

“Stickered”

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The 

city 

was 

in 

partial 

lock 

down

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Felt 

at 

the 

nearby 

port

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…And 

at 

the 

slopes

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Other 

facilities 

were 

also 

affected

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Heritage 

Structures 

were 

not 

spared

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Aftershocks continued

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…All 

the 

way 

to 

a 

beautiful 

summer 

day

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22nd

February 

12:51pm

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…With 

some 

devastating 

effects

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Reduced 

to 

rubbles 

in 

seconds

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Some 

more 

are 

doomed

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Secondary 

structures 

collapsed

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Contents 

also 

get 

scattered

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Lateral 

load 

bearing 

systems 

failed

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Ground 

settlements 

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Collapse 

of  

iconic 

structures

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Old 

RC 

structures 

performed 

poorly

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City 

overpass 

damaged

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There 

are 

some 

shining 

examples

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Christchurch 

Earthquakes: 

Summary 

of  

Losses

• Causality: 181

• Injuries• Loss of  properties

• Loss of  businesses

• Downtime• Economic cost: NZ$16~20 Billion

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Road 

to 

Recovery

• Interim Emergency administration

• Local and

 Regional

 Authorities

• National Agencies

• Legislations: CERA

• Expected time:

‐‐Years

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Christchurch: one year on

• Over 7000 aftershocks

• Large areas abandoned

• Demolition 

work 

continued• Most of  CBD under lock down

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Christchurch: in recent days

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Christchurch earthquakes: long term repercussions

• Building codes and practices under scrutiny

• Royal commission

 inquiry

• Ongoing legal and insurance issues

• Added urgency in other cities and regions

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Some useful links

• NZSEE clearinghouses

• GNS

• Department of  Building and Housing

• Structural Engineering Society

• CERA• Royal commission

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Acknowledgements

• NZSEE

• GNS

• University of  Canterbury

• Opus International Consultants Ltd.

• Structural Engineering

 Society

• CERA

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THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?