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Canterbury Earthquakes (2010‐2011)
and more…
Asif Iqbal
Opus International Consultants Ltd., Wellington
Formerly University of Canterbury, Christchurch
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The first
early
morning
wake
up
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Past
10
years,
Focal
depth
<
40km
Source: GNS website
New Zealand
gets
shakes
regularly
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But not
Christchurch!
The Pacific Plate
moves west and
southwest by
30‐60mm a year
and rides over
the Australian
Plate south
of
Fiordland
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Date: 04.09.2010 4:35 am (NZ Standard time)
Magnitude: Mw 7.1
Focal depth: 10 kmMaximum Intensity: MMIS VIII
Until this
time...
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It happened
much
closer
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The ground
moved
Source: GNS website
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Source: GNS website
There were numerous places where the offset could be measured –
right lateral up to about 3 m, with variable vertical throw (mostly <1m).
And was
also
visible
from
the
below
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Source: GNS website
The whole
region
was
shaken
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The ground
liquefied
and
cracked
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…With serious
consequences
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Not just
buried
in
sand
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…Although not
completely
unexpected
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Roads damaged
and
moved
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The infrastructure
was
also
affected
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…Some very
badly
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Source: GNS website
Shaking was
also
felt
in
the
city
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The CBD
was
transformed
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Unreinforced masonry
collapsed
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…And many
more
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…Some on
the
streets
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Didn’t stop
immediately
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Houses
were
“Stickered”
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The
city
was
in
partial
lock
down
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Felt
at
the
nearby
port
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…And
at
the
slopes
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Other
facilities
were
also
affected
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Heritage
Structures
were
not
spared
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Aftershocks continued
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…All
the
way
to
a
beautiful
summer
day
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22nd
February
12:51pm
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…With
some
devastating
effects
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Reduced
to
rubbles
in
seconds
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Some
more
are
doomed
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Secondary
structures
collapsed
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Contents
also
get
scattered
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Lateral
load
bearing
systems
failed
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Ground
settlements
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Collapse
of
iconic
structures
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Old
RC
structures
performed
poorly
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City
overpass
damaged
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There
are
some
shining
examples
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Christchurch
Earthquakes:
Summary
of
Losses
• Causality: 181
• Injuries• Loss of properties
• Loss of businesses
• Downtime• Economic cost: NZ$16~20 Billion
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Road
to
Recovery
• Interim Emergency administration
• Local and
Regional
Authorities
• National Agencies
• Legislations: CERA
• Expected time:
‐‐Years
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Christchurch: one year on
• Over 7000 aftershocks
• Large areas abandoned
• Demolition
work
continued• Most of CBD under lock down
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Christchurch: in recent days
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Christchurch earthquakes: long term repercussions
• Building codes and practices under scrutiny
• Royal commission
inquiry
• Ongoing legal and insurance issues
• Added urgency in other cities and regions
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Some useful links
• NZSEE clearinghouses
• GNS
• Department of Building and Housing
• Structural Engineering Society
• CERA• Royal commission
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Acknowledgements
• NZSEE
• GNS
• University of Canterbury
• Opus International Consultants Ltd.
• Structural Engineering
Society
• CERA
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THANK YOU!
QUESTIONS?