Cardiovascular = Circulatory Cardiovascular = Circulatory SystemSystem

Blood

BloodBlood

General functionsAmount of blood

– 5-6 liters in males, 4-5 liters in females– 8% of body weight

FORMED ELEMENTSFORMED ELEMENTS

Cells45% blood

Erythrocytes = RBCsErythrocytes = RBCs

4-5 million/mm3Hemoglobin

– Iron– Function– Color

RBCsRBCs

HemopoiesisErythropoiesis (2 million/second)Life span about 120 daysDestroyed and recycled by liver & spleenErythropoeitin

RBCsRBCs

Stay in blood vesselsABO systemAntigenAntibodyA,B,AB,O blood types

RBCsRBCs

Rh factorErythroblastosis fetalis

Leukocytes = WBCsLeukocytes = WBCs

5000-9000/mm3Granulocytes

– Neutrophils (pale granules, segmented nucleus, most numerous, phagocytosis)

– Eosinophils (red granules, segmented nucleus, phagocytosis, attacks parasites)

– Basophils (purple granules, semented nucleus, releases histamine & heparin

Agranulocytes– Lymphocytes (T & B, immunity, round

nucleus)– Monocytes (bean-shaped nucleus, foamy

cytoplasm, exit bloodstream & enlarge and become MACROPHAGES)

Life spanFormation

Function of WBCsFunction of WBCs

Phagocytosis– Lytic enzymes– Macrophages

Antibodies– Plasma Cells– Vaccination

T cells

Thrombocytes = PlateletsThrombocytes = Platelets

100,000-300,000/mm3Stays in blood vesselsLife spanProduction in bone marrow

HemostasisHemostasis

Vascular constrictionPlatelet plug formation

– ADP

Hemostasis - CoagulationHemostasis - Coagulation

Conversion to an insoluble fibrin clotClotting factorsFibrinogen is converted to FibrinBy Thrombin – precursor is prothrombinLiver makes clotting factorsVitamin K

CoagulationCoagulation

Extrinsic mechanism– 15-20 seconds – Initiates with damaged tissue releasing

thromboplastin

Intrinsic mechanism– 1-2 minutes– Hemophilia

Clot RetractionClot Retraction

30-60 minutes laterSerum

Clot ControlClot Control

Heparin from mast cellsBasophilsEndothelium is smooth

FibrinolysisFibrinolysis

Clot dissolutionPlasmin

Intravascular ClottingIntravascular Clotting

ThrombusEmbolus (Embolism)

PlasmaPlasma

55% of bloodWater – Over 90%Proteins

– Albumin– Globulin– Fibrinogin

Interstitial FluidInterstitial Fluid

Similar to plasmaBathes tissues