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7/29/2019 Case Study Lighting Library
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A CASE STUDY FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF ANENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
RETROFITFOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
A CASE STUDY FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
RETROFITFOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
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BACKGROUND
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Every year, the University of Natal spends over R4 million
toward electricity usage on the Durban campus alone.
The EG Malherbe Library contributes substantially toward
this cost. The electricity cost for EG Malherbe in 2001 was
R473,337 half of which went toward the lighting load. The
pre-installation lighting system was 14 years old and closeto the end of it life. An additional problem was that the pre-
installation lighting system was redundant - it was a
specialised fitting manufactured by Zintubel Zintubel had
closed down a few years earlier. Therefore the timing of
this project was excellent
Every year, the University of Natal spends over R4 million
toward electricity usage on the Durban campus alone.
The EG Malherbe Library contributes substantially toward
this cost. The electricity cost for EG Malherbe in 2001 was
R473,337 half of which went toward the lighting load. The
pre-installation lighting system was 14 years old and closeto the end of it life. An additional problem was that the pre-
installation lighting system was redundant - it was a
specialised fitting manufactured by Zintubel Zintubel had
closed down a few years earlier. Therefore the timing of
this project was excellent
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Photo of the EG Malherbe LibraryPhoto of the EG Malherbe Library
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Typical DSM Project ProcessTypical DSM Project Process
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THE AUDIT PROCESS
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9:00 to 17:00Examination operation hours - Sundays
8:00 to 17:00Examination operation hours - Saturdays
8:00 to 02:00 the next morning.Examination operation hours are (one month prior to exams
and during exams) Mon to Fri:
08:00 to 17:00Between Semesters:
Closed except during
examinations
Sundays and Pub Holidays:
8:30 to 17:00Saturdays
8:00 to 23:00Weekdays:
Operating HoursOperating Hours
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2776201 x 36 W Open ChannelType 9
281 x 36 W Tube LightType 8
322 x 36 W Surface MountsType 7832 x 56 W Surface MountsType 6
194 x 36 W Recessed FittingsType 5
2204 x 18 W Recessed FittingsType 4
601 x 58 W Tube LightType 3
2632 x 60 W down lighterType 2
20512 x 36 W Open ChannelType 1
Number of
Luminaires
DescriptionLuminaire
Type
Table 2 Audited light fitting dataTable 2 Audited light fitting data
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ANALYSIS
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Baseline DevelopmentBaseline Development
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R
W
B
N
386 V
386 V
386 V
171 A
182 A
141 A
27 kW
32 kW
24 kW
222 V
222 V
222 V
VL_L AVG: 385 V IAVG 165 A
VL_N AVG: 222 V PTOT 82 kW
FREQ 50 Hz QTOT 74 kVar
PF SIGN -74.5 % STOT 111 kVA
Time: 12:32 PM ALL LIGHTS OFF
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R
W
B
N
381 V
382 V
383 V
417 A
447 A
409 A
77 kW
86 kW
76 kW
220 V
220 V
220 V
VL_L AVG: 382 V IAVG 424 A
VL_N AVG: 221 V PTOT 239 kW
FREQ 50 Hz QTOT 147 kVar
PF SIGN -85.1 % STOT 280 kVA
Time: 12:37 PM ALL LIGHTS ON
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Notch Tests Average
P 82 82 82 82 kWOFF
Q 74 74 74 74 kVArP 239 242 239 240 kWON
Q 149 148 147 148 kVAr
P 158 kWLighting Load
Q 74 kVAr
P 51 kWAdmin Area
Q 10 kVAr
Incandescent
Lamps
P 31.5 kW
P 240.5 kWTotal LightingLoad Q 84 kVAr
P 82 kWTotal Base Load
Q 74 kVAr
S 359 kVA
P 322.5 kW
Total Pre-ImplementationBaseline Load Q 158 kVAr
Period 1 October to 15 October and 1 December to 31 March Period 1 April to 14 May and 1 July to 30 September
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Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std
00:00
01:00
02:0003:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50
09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0013:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00 1.00 1.00
18:00 1.00 1.00
19:00 1.00 1.00
20:00 1.00 1.00
21:00 1.00 1.00
22:00 1.00 1.00
23:00
TOTAL 1.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.50 1.00 4.00 10.00 5.00 3.50
No. of week days in this Period 88 No. of week days in this Period 103
No. of Saturdays & sundays in this Period 19 No. of Saturdays & sundays in this period 21
No. of Public Holidays in this Period 0 No. of Public Holidays in this Period 0
5.00 5.00No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period 88.00 No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period 103.00
No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period 352.00 No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period 412.00
No. of week day Hours in STD Period 880.00 No. of week day Hours in STD Period 1030.00
No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period 95.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period 105.00
No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period 66.50 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period 73.50
Total OFF - Peak Hours 183.00 Total OFF - Peak Hours 208.00
Total Peak Hours 352.00 Total Peak Hours 412.00Total STD Hours 946.50 Total STD Hours 1103.50
Total No. of Max. Demand Months 5.00 Total No. of Max. Demand Months 5.00
Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 5.00 Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 5.00
Period 1 October to 15 October and 1 December to 31 March Period 1 April to 14 May and 1 July to 30 September
Saturday
Active EnergyActive Energy
No. of Months No. of Months
Time of Day
Active Energy
Saturday
Low Demand High Demand
Week Days Week Days
Active EnergyActive Energy Active Energy
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Sunday Sunday 16-Jun
Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Off-Peak Peak Std Off-Peak Std Off-Peak Off-Peak
00:00 1.00 1.00
01:00 1.00 1.00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:0006:00
07:00
08:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
09:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
11:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
12:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
14:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0015:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
17:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
18:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
19:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
20:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
21:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
22:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
23:00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
TOTAL 4.00 4.00 10.00 12.00 4.00 9.00 4.00 4.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 9.00 6.00
No. of week days in 6 Weeks 34 No. of week days in 6 Weeks 35
No. of Saturdays & sundays in 6 Weeks 7 No. of Saturdays & sundays in 6 Weeks 6
No. of Public Holidays in 6 Weeks 0 No. of Public Holidays in 6 Weeks 1
No 0f months 1.00 No 0f months 1.00
No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period for 6 weeks 136.00 No. of week day hours in OFF-PEAK Period for 6 weeks 140.00
No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period for 6 weeks 136.00 No. of week day Hours in PEAK Period for 6 weeks 140.00No. of week day Hours in STD Period for 6 weeks 340.00 No. of week day Hours in STD Period for 6 weeks 350.00
No. of week day Hours in Max.Demand Period for 6 weeks No. of week day Hours in Max.Demand Period for 6 weeks
No. of week day Hours in Overall Max. Demand Period for 6 weeks No. of week day Hours in Overall Max. Demand Period for 6 weeks
No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period for 6 weeks 147.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in OFF - PEAK Period for 6 weeks 114.00
No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period for 6 weeks 28.00 No. of Hours ( Saturday & Sunday)in STD Period for 6 weeks 36.00
No. of Hours (Public Holidays) in Off - Peak Period for 6 weeks 6.00
Total OFF - Peak Hours 283.00 Total OFF - Peak Hours 260.00
Total Peak Hours 136.00 Total Peak Hours 140.00Total STD Hours 368.00 Total STD Hours 386.00
Total No. of Max. Demand Months 1.00 Total No. of Max. Demand Months 1.00
Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 1.00 Total No. of Overall Max. Demand months 1.00
Time
of Day
SaturdayWeek Days Saturday Week Days
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LIGHTING SIMULATION MODEL
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Fig. 7 Lighting levels before retrofit Fig. 8 Lighting levels after retrofit
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Fig. 10 Lighting with reflector Fig. 9 Lighting lost in coffers
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Graph of Total Harmonic Distortion
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2002-01-050
0:30
2002-04-051
9:30
2002-08-051
4:30
2002-12-050
9:30
16/05/20020
4:30
19/05/20022
3:30
23/05/20021
8:30
27/05/20021
3:30
31/05/20020
8:30
2002-04-060
3:30
2002-07-062
2:30
2002-11-061
7:30
15/06/20021
2:30
19/06/20020
7:30
23/06/20020
2:30
26/06/20022
1:30
30/06/20021
6:30
2002-04-071
1:30
2002-08-070
6:30
2002-12-070
1:30
15/07/20022
0:30
19/07/20021
5:30
23/07/20021
0:30
27/07/20020
5:30
31/07/20020
0:30
2002-03-081
9:30
2002-07-081
4:30
2002-11-080
9:30
15/08/20020
4:30
18/08/20022
3:30
22/08/20021
8:30
26/08/20021
3:30
2002-01-090
0:30
2002-04-091
9:30
2002-08-091
4:30
2002-12-090
9:30
16/09/20020
4:30
19/09/20022
3:30
23/09/20021
8:30
27/09/20021
3:30
Date
%T
HD
UND-Malh/Lib-TRF 1-V3 THD (%) Linear (UND-Malh/Lib-TRF 1-V3 THD (%))
Fig. 11 Reduction of THD during retrofit
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Total kW h Saved 554285.00
Total Cost Saving Ex VAT Up Until May 2003 R 123,793.82
Total Off Peak KW h Saved Up Until May 2003 150705.00Reduction in Demand per month 210.00
Overall Project SummaryTotal Peak kW h Saved Up Until May 2003 97410.00
Total Standard kW h Saved Up Until May 2003 306170.00
311.00Previous Demand in kVA
New Demand in kVA 101.00Previous kW 268.00
New kW 98.00
Total Cost Saving Extrapolated for a Year for Energy Only R 212,217.98
Reduction in kW 170.00
Table 1 Summary of post-implementation savings
Demand Deviation
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0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Months
DemandinkVA
Demand 02
Demand 01
Fi . 1 Demand rofiles for 2001 and 2003
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Recorded Load Profile for EG Malherbe Library
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
01/
07/200200:30:00
08/
07/200200:30:00
15/
07/200200:30:00
22/
07/200200:30:00
29/
07/200200:30:00
05/
08/200200:30:00
12/
08/200200:30:00
19/
08/200200:30:00
26/
08/200200:30:00
Time Period
[kVA,k
W,
kVAr]
kVA
kWh
kVArh
Fig. 13 Load profile from 1July-31 August 2002
Start of retrofit
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Annual Load Profile data for 2002
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
10/01/200224:00:00
20/01/200224:00:00
30/01/200224:00:00
09/02/200224:00:00
19/02/200224:00:00
01/03/200224:00:00
11/03/200224:00:00
21/03/200224:00:00
31/03/200224:00:00
10/04/200224:00:00
20/04/200224:00:00
30/04/200224:00:00
10/05/200224:00:00
20/05/200224:00:00
30/05/200224:00:00
09/06/200224:00:00
19/06/200224:00:00
29/06/200224:00:00
09/07/200224:00:00
19/07/200224:00:00
29/07/200224:00:00
08/08/200224:00:00
18/08/200224:00:00
28/08/200224:00:00
07/09/200224:00:00
17/09/200224:00:00
27/09/200224:00:00
07/10/200224:00:00
17/10/200224:00:00
27/10/200224:00:00
06/11/200224:00:00
16/11/200224:00:00
26/11/200224:00:00
06/12/200224:00:00
16/12/200224:00:00
26/12/200224:00:00
[kVA,kW,
kVAr]
kVA
kWh
kVAr
Typical Step
reduction
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