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Causes of the War
NATIONALISM
MILITARISM IMPERIALISM
INTERNATIONAL RIVALRIES SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES
What is nationalism?
Look at the map! Any problem?
Who were the slavs? Importance?????
Balkan Mountains
Where is Austria – Hungary?
PRESSURE!!
Spending!
Great Britain France
Russia
Germany
Why do nations seek colonies?
What are “ have nations”? “have not nations”? what are spheres of influence!!
Balance of Power
1. Tank2. Airplane3. U-boats4. Gas5. Machine gun
Little Willie
Fiat Tipo
British Whippet
British Mark IV
French Renault
Manfred Von Richtoffen
San Mihiel
Frenchlosses:
350,000 162,308 KIA & MIA
German losses:
337,000 100,000 KIA & MIA
Total: 714,231 262,308 KIA & MIA
20,000 dead57,000 Wounded & MIA
Casualties400,000 British200,000 French450,000 German
"Torpedo Los!"
"Feur!"
Passengers Lost: 794 ( 63% )Crew Lost: 407 ( 58% )Total Lost: 1,201 ( 61% )U.S. Passengers Killed: 123
March, 1916 Sussex Pledge
- French unarmed steamer
sunk
- 3 Americans injured
-U.S. threatens Germany: “CUT IT OUT!!!”
-Pledge effectively stops
submarine warfare
It Ain’t Gonna Happen!
• antiwar societies– US had antiwar treaties with 21 nations
• worldwide markets $$$$$$$$$
• professionals (scientists) working together
• humanitarian organizations (Red Cross)
• “smaller world” – similar to others
Alfred Zimmerman
January 1917- Germany resumes unrestricted sub. warfare
- Plan: defeat G.B. in 5 or 6 months
- Any U.S. help… TOO LATE TO HELP!
Selective Service Act
Men21 – 30Later 18 - 45
Alvin York
Woodrow Wilson
Georges Clemenceau
Vittorio Orlando
David Lloyd George
The Post-War Settlement• How did European allies wish to
treat Germany?• Italy (joined the Allies in 1915)• Great Britain• In 1919, leaders of various nations
met in Paris, France, including the “Big Four”
Paris Peace Conference (1919)
“A general association of nations must be formed… for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to member states.”
1. &
2. What happened to Germany’s colonies? 3. What country was the “BIG” imperialist winner? 4. What countries were created by the treaty? 5. What is a demilitarized zone?? 6. What is a PLEBICITE??7. What was stated in the “War Guilt Clause”? 8. What are REPARATIONS?9. Germany is to be permanently disarmed.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points• No trade barriers: no tariffs• Armaments reductions for all nations• National self-determination
• Freedom of the seas• Establishment of an independent Poland
• Establishment of a League of Nations
Wilson appeals to the public! Travels 8,000 miles in 22 days
Nationwide speaking tour Wilson suffers a stroke of a
Fights isolationists
Wilson & Ratification
•Edith Wilson, the first female president, six weeks,
•Assisted the president while he was incapacitated
The Treaty
of Versaillles
Is defeated, Nov. 1919
