CDMA Forward Channel

8/11/2019 CDMA Forward Channel

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CDMA TECHNOLOGY


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SECTION 2:

CDMA Forward Channels


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Objectives

To review types and methods of generation of

Pilot Channel

Paging Channel

Sync Channel


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Pilot Channel Generation

n The Walsh function zero spreading sequence is applied to the Pilot

n The use of short PN sequence offsets allows for up to 512 distinctPilots per CDMA channel

n The PN offset indexvalue (0-511 inclusive) for a given pilot PNsequence is multiplied by 64 to determine the actual offset

Example: 15 (offset index) x 64 = 960 PN chips

Result: The start of the pilot PN sequence will be delayed960 chips x 813.8 nanoseconds per chip = 781.25 s

n The quadrature spreading and baseband filtering (not shown),which are performed as with all the other forward and reversecode channels, will be discussed later

Pilot

Channel

(All 0s)

1.2288

Mcps

I PN

Q PN

Walsh

Function 0


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Walsh Codes Generation

00 0

0 1

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0

W1

= W2

= W4

=

11 1

1 0

1 1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0

1 0 0 1

W1

= W2

= W4

=

W2 n

=W

nW

n

WnW

n


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Properties of the Walsh Codes

n When a Walsh code is XORed chip by chip withitself, the result is all 0s (100% correlation)

n When a Walsh code is XORed chip by chip with itslogical negation, the result is all 1s (100%

correlation)n When a Walsh code is XORed chip by chip with

any other code or its logical negation, the result ishalf 0s and half 1s (0% correlation)

0 0 0 00 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0

0 1 1 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 0

0 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 0 0

0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1

1 0 0 1

0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0


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Orthogonality (Bit Strings)

a = (0, 1, 1, 0) b = (0, 1, 0, 1) -b = (1, 0, 1, 0)

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1a = (+1, -1, -1, +1) b = (+1, -1, +1, -1) -b = (-1, +1, -1, +1)

a a =(+1)(+1) + (-1)(-1) + (-1)(-1) + (+1)(+1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4

a b =(+1)(+1) + (-1)(-1) + (-1)(+1) + (+1)(-1) = 1 + 1 - 1 - 1 = 0

b (-b) =(+1)(-1) + (-1)(+1) + (+1)(-1) + (-1)(+1) = -1 - 1 - 1 - 1 = -4

a XOR a = (0, 0, 0, 0) = 100% match

a XOR b = (0, 0, 1, 1) = 50% match & 50% no-match

b XOR -b = (1, 1, 1, 1) = 100% no-match


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Walsh Codes: Spreading a Signal

n Select a Walsh code

n

If the bit is 0, send the Walsh coden If the bit is 1, send the logical negation of the Walsh code

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 10 1 1 0

Selected Walsh code: 0 1 0 1 (used to represent code symbols 0)

Negated Walsh code: 1 0 1 0(used to represent code symbols 1)

Original sequence:

Spread sequence:

1 0 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

N = 4


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n XOR the received sequence with the sameWalsh code used for spreading it

n Perfect synchronization is a must

n

If a Walsh code produces N 0s, theoriginal bit was a 0

n If a Walsh code produces N 1s, theoriginal bit was a 1

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0

(Original sequence):

Received sequence:

1 0 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1Walsh code:

XOR: 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 1 0

N = 4

Walsh Codes: De-spreading a Signal

(Using the Right Code)


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Walsh Codes: De-spreading a Signal

(Using the Wrong Code)

n If the received sequencel is XORed with aWalsh code other than the one used forspreading it, the result is neither groups of all0s or groups of all 1s, but groups containing

half the number of 0s and half the number of1s pseudorandomly distributed

n This indicates that nothing was coded usingthis Walsh code

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0

(Original sequence):

Received sequence:

1 0 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0Walsh code:

XOR: 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

? ? ? ? ? ?


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4-Bit Pseudo Noise (PN) Code Generator

p1

p2

p3

p4

p4

p5

p2

p3

p2

p3

p4

p5=p1 +p4

p4


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PN Sequence Generation

The PN sequences are deterministic and periodic.

The length of the generated string is 2n-1, where nis the number of elements in the register

The number of zeroes in the sequence is equal tothe number of ones minus 1

The beginning of the sequence is the 1 that followsn-1 zeroes; the final 0 of the sequence correspondsto the state of the register when all its elementsexcept the last one contain a zero

XORPN sequence 1 001

0 011

0 110

1 1011 010

0 101

1 011

0 111

1 111

1 110

10 0 0

0 010

0 100

1 100

1 000

0 100

X4+ X + 1Characteristic Polynomial

X4X0 X1 X2 X3


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PN Sequence Generation

using a Linear Feedback Register

1 000

0 001

0 010

1 100

1 001

0 011

1 110

0 101

1 010

1 101

10 1 1

0 110

0 100

1 011

1 111

0 100

i(n) = i(n-4) i(n-3)

XORPN sequenceh4 h3 h2 h1 h0

n-0 n-1 n-2 n-3 n-4

Linear Recursion

X4+ X + 1

XORPN sequence

X4X0 X1 X2 X3

Characteristic Polynomial


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Randomness of the Generated String

n The relative frequency ofzero and one is 1/2

n For zeroes and ones, half

the runs are of length 1;one quarter of the runs areof length 2; one eighth ofthe runs are of length 3;and so on

if a zero

is inserted:

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 02n-1

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 02n

543211245 3

Number of contiguous 0s Number of contiguous 1s

Number of

occurrences


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Correlation, Auto-correlation, and Cross-correlation

n In general, the correlationbetween two same-length bit strings is defined asthe degree of similarity between them

n When the correlation is determined between two copies of the same string, it iscalled auto-correlation

n When the correlation is determined between any two same-length strings , it iscalled cross-correlation

n A PN string (and, as a matter of fact, any bit string), when correlated (XORedchip by chip) with an unshifted copy of itself , shows 100% correlation (the resultis all 0s); and when correlated (XORed chip by chip) with an unshifted copy ofits logical negation, it shows -100% correlation (the result is all 1s)

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0XOR:

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1XOR:


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No Correlation

n A PN string, when compared to an identical shiftedcopy of itself, showsno or very little correlation. That is, when XORed with a shifted copy ofitself (or with the logical negation of a shifted copy of itself) the result isabout half 0s and half 1s

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 00 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0XOR:

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0XOR:

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1XOR:


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CDMA Short and Long PN Codes

CDMA uses three PN code sequences: two short and one long

n Thetwo short PN codes (called I and Q) are used for quadratuspreading to differentiate between CDMA partitions (sectors/cells)the forward direction

n The two short codes are generated by 15-bit PN code generators.The generated strings are 215-1 bits long plus one zero insertedfollowing the longest string of generated zeroes (32,768); and theicycle period is 26.666... milliseconds (or 75 times every 2 seconds

n Thelong PN code is used for spreading and data scrambling/randomization, and to differentiate among mobile stations in thereverse direction.

n The long code is generated by a 42-bit PN code generator. Thegenerated string is 242-1 with no zero inserted (about 4.4 trillion) bitlong; and its cycle period is approximately 41 days, 10 hours, 12minutes and 19.4 seconds.

n The three CDMA PN codes are synchronized to the beginning ofsystem time (January 6, 1980 at 00:00:00 hours)


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Sector / Cell Identification

11010010010110011010011001011011010011001011001100110011010011001011101000011001100101101001110101011000111010100010100110001010011000000000000000

10011001011011011100000010110011011101011001000011101011001010110111010101011000111010110011001011000001001110000100110011001110101000000000000000

0 1 2 511

I

Q

064 chips

0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200 8000feet

chips 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

50400 51200

63 64

5200 52800

65 66

miles 0 1 10

67

66

6564

6362

6160 59 58 57

4 3 2

2

3

1


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Pilot Channel Acquisition

n The mobile station starts generating the I and Q PN short sequencesby itself and correlating them with the received composite signal atevery possible offset

In less that 15 seconds (typically 2 to 4 seconds) all possibilities (32,768)are checked

The mobile station remembers the offsets for which it gets the bestcorrelation (where the E b/N0is the best

n The mobile station locks on the best pilot (at the offset that results inthe best Eb/N0), and identifies the pattern defining the start of theshort sequences (a 1 that follows fifteen consecutive 0s)

n Now the mobile station is ready to start de-correlating with Walshcode 32 to extract the Sync Channel (next section)

00...01 00...01 00...01 00...01 00...01 00...0100...01

PILOT CHANNEL

(Walsh Code 0)


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Frames and Messages

n Logical unit of transmission

n Fixed length

no need for length info

n Each frame includes one ormore overhead bits in addition

to the payload of informationbits

these overhead bits definethe structure of the frame

n Logical unit of information

n Variablelength

must include length info

n A message is broken intosmall pieces that can fit in the

payload portion of successiveframes

one frame overhead bit couldbe used to identify the initialsegment of a message

1 0 0 0 0 000

M E S S A G E

FRAME

FRAME MESSAGE


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Sync Channel

n Used to provide essential systemparameters

n Used during system acquisition stage

n The bit rate is 1200 bps

n

The Sync channel has a frameduration of 26 2/3ms

this frame duration matches theperiod of repetition of the PN ShortSequences

this simplifies the acquisition of theSync Channel once the Pilot Channelhas been acquired

n

The Mobile Station re-synchronizesat the end of every call

(Acquired Pilot)

Sync Channel

The Pilotchannel carries no data, therefore it has no frames.

The Syncchannel uses 26 2/3ms frames.

All other forward and reverse code channels use 20 ms frames.


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Sync Channel Generation

n There are32 bits (1200 bps x 0.02666... second) in one Sync Channel frame

n The Rate 1/2 convolutional encoder doubles the bit rate, and the resulting 0s and1s are now called code symbols

there are 64 code symbols in a Sync Channel frame

n The repetition process doubles the rate again, and each repetition of a codesymbol is now called a modulation symbol

there are 128 modulation symbols in a Sync Channel frame

n Four copies of Walsh code #32 are used to spread each modulation symbol,resulting in a x256 rate increase; the resulting 0s and 1s are now called chips

there are 32,768 chips in a Sync Channel frame (1024 chips per original bit)

1200 bps

Walsh Function 32

1.2288 Mcps

IPN

QPN

ConvolutionalEncoderand

Repetition

Block

Interleaver

R=1/2

Modulation

Symbols

4800 sps 4800 sps

Bits Chips


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Sync Channel Modulation Parameters

* In the CDMA Forward Code Channels, each repetition of a

code symbol is called a modulation symbol

Data Rate

PN Chip Rate

Code Rate

Code Repetition

Modulation Symbol Rate

PN Chips / Modulation Symbol

PN Chips / Bit

Bits Per Second

Mega Chips Per Second

Bits Per Code Symbol

Modulation Symbols* Per Code Symbol

Symbols Per Second

PN Chips / Modulation Symbol

PN Chips / Bit

1200

1.2288

1 / 2

2

4800

256

1024


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Convolutional Encoder

IN

OUT


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Rate 1/2, K=9 Convolutional Encoding

n Symbols generated as the information bits transit through the encoder, arerelated to all the bits currently in the register

n Each information bit contributes to multiple generated symbols

n This pattern of inter-relationships helps detect and correct errorsn The length of shift register plus 1 is called the constraint length of the

convolutional encoder (K=9 in this case)

The longer the register, the better this scheme can correct bursty errors

Reduces power required to achieve same accuracy as without coding

n Here, two symbols are generated for every bit input (Rate 1/2)

Code Symbol

Output

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

g0

g1

c0

c1

Data

Bit

Input

(Data Bit is

discarded)

Code Symbol

Output


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Step-by-Step Example (Rate 1/2, k=4)

b1b2b3b4b5b6

b2b3b4b5b6 b1


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Step-by-Step Example (Rate 1/2, k=4)cont.

b1b2b3b4b5b6 b2b3b4b5b6 b1

b1

b2

b3

b4

b5

b6

C0,4= b4+b3+ b1

C1,4

= b4+

b

2+ b

1


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Step-by-Step Example (step 1)

??b1b2b3 ?

???b1b2b3

???b1b2b3

C0,1

C1,1


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?b1b2b3 ?

??b1b2b3

??b1b2b3

C0,2C0,1

C1,2 C1,1


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b1b2b3 ?

?b1b2b3

?b1

b2

b3

C0,3C0,2C0,1

C1,3C1,2C1,1


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An Even Simpler Convolutional Encode

+

+


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State Diagram

+

+

110

0 + 1 =1

0 + 1 + 1 =0

+

+

110

0

0 1

1

+

+

10 1

11

01

00

10

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

10

01 01

10

00

00

11

0

11


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State Diagram as a Binary Tree

00

01

10

11

00

01

10

11

11

01

00

10

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

10

01 01

10

00

00

11

0

11

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1


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Trellis Diagram

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

00

01

10

11

00

01

10

11


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Code Words

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

11

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

00

01

10

00

10

01

10

1

00

01

10

11

00

01

10

11

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

11-10-00-10-00-01-01-11

11

1

0

10

00

1

1

0

10

00

1

001

01

0

10


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Hamming and Free Distance

number of possible received

16-bit sequences:

216= 65,536

00 0000 00

00 0001 00

00 001 0 00

00 001 1 00

101 011 00

1 1 1 1 01 00

1 1 1 1 1 0 00

1 1 1 1 1 1 00

11-10-00-10-00-01-01-11

26= 64

valid code words: 26= 64

10-11-00-1 1 -00-0 0-01-11

one-to-one


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Viterbi Decoder

0

1

1 1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1st

node

2st

node

3rd

node

4th

node

n Integrated circuit that implements the maximumlikelihood algorithm devised by Andrew Viterbi in

1967

n Operates based on determining the correlation

between the sections of the received signal andeach one of the valid codes

n The Viterbi decoder uses a search tree tocontinuously calculate the Hamming distance

between the received and valid codes. If anerror path is detected, the decoder goes back tothe previous node and tries the alternative path

n The code that generates the maximal amount ofenergy has the greater probability of being theone that was transmitted

Sync Channel Block Interleaver


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(Input Matrix)

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57

2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58

2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58

3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59

3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59

4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60

4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60

5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61

5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61

6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62

6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62

7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63

7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64



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(Output Matrix)

1 3 2 4 1 3 2 4

33 35 34 36 33 35 34 36

17 19 18 20 17 19 18 20

49 51 50 52 49 51 50 52

9 11 10 12 9 11 10 12

41 43 42 44 41 43 42 44

25 27 26 28 25 27 26 28

57 59 58 60 57 59 58 60

5 7 6 8 5 7 6 8

37 39 38 40 37 39 38 40

21 23 22 24 21 23 22 24

53 55 54 56 53 55 54 56

13 15 14 16 13 15 14 16

45 47 46 48 45 47 46 48

29 31 30 32 29 31 30 32

61 63 62 64 61 63 62 64

assume that a burst of noise affects these symbols


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Restored1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57

2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58

2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58

3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59

3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59

4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60

4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60

5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61

5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61

6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62

6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62

7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63

7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64


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Sync Channel Structure

000001 0

26.67 m s

32 b its

31 bits

Sync Chann el Mes sage Caps ule (93 x Nsbits)

Sync Channel Messag e (8 x MSG_LENGTH)

8 bits 30 bits

MSG_LENGTH

2-1146 bits

as required

Sync Channel Superf rame Sync Channel Superf rame

Sy nc Channel Frame Body

Sync Channel Fr am e

SOM

Message Body CRC

Sync Channel Message Padd ing

80 ms, 96 bits

1200 b ps

Ns = Numbe r o f S y nc

Chann e l Sup er f r ames

needed f o r m es sag e

t r ansm i s s i on


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Sync Channel Acquisition

00...01 00...01 00...01 00...01 00...01 00...0100...01

0 0 1 0 0 0

LEN

PILOT CHANNEL

(Walsh Code 0)

SYNC CHANNEL

(Walsh Code 32)

CRCSync Channel Message Body

8 bits 30 bits170 bits

208 bits


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Sync Channel Message Body Format

n When the Base Stationsends a Sync ChannelMessage, it uses thefixed-length messageformat illustrated here

MSG_TYPE (00000001)

P_REV

MIN_PREV

SID

NID

PILOT_PN

LC_STATE

SYS_TIME

LP_SEC

LTM_OFF

DAYLT

PRAT

CDMA_FREQ

8

8

8

15

16

9

42

36

8

6

1

2

11

SYNC

FieldLength(bits)

Total : 170


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Mobile Station Timing

Synchronization

26.666... ms

80 ms

superframe

320 ms

Pilot PNSequence

Offset

SyncChannel

System Time

Pilot PNSequence

Offset

Time Specified in

Sync Channel

Message


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Paging Channels

n Up to seven paging channels can be supported on a single CDMAfrequency assignment

n Channel 1 (Walsh function 1) is the Primary Paging Channel

n Additional Paging Channels use Walsh functions 2 through 7

n Unused paging channels can be used as Forward Traffic Channelsn Two rates are supported: 9600 and 4800 bps (PRAT parameter in

the Sync Channel Message)

n A s ingle 9600 bps Paging Channel can support about 180 pages

per second

Paging Channel

Used by the base station to

transmit system overhead information

and mobile station-specific messages.


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Paging Channel Generation

n There are 192 [96] bits (9600 [4800] bps x 0.020 second) in one PagingChannel frame

n The Rate 1/2 convolutional encoder doubles the bit rate, resulting 384 [192]code symbols in a Paging Channel frame

n If the 4800 bps rate is used, the repetition process doubles the rate again, so

that, at either rate, 384 modulation symbols per Paging Channel frame resultn 384 modulation symbols per frame times 50 frames per second = 19.2 Ksps

n One copy of Walsh code #1 (or #2, ... or #7) is used to spread each modulationsymbol. This results in a x64 rate increase to 1.2288 Mcps

that is, 24,576 chips per Paging Channel frame, or 128 [256] chips peroriginal bit at 9600 [4800] bps

9600 bps

4800 bps

Walsh

function

1.2288Mcps

Q PN

1.2288

Mcps

19.2

Ksps

19.2

KspsPaging ChannelAddress Mask

R = 1/2

Decimator

Convolutional

Encoder &

Repetition

I PN

Block

Interleaving

Scrambling

Long PN Code

Generator


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Paging Channel Modulation Parameters

Data Rate Bits Per Second48009600

PN Chip Rate Mega Chips Per Second1.22881.2288

Code Rate Bits Per Code Symbol1/21/2

Code Repetition Modulation symbols * per code symbol21

Modulation Symbol Rate Code Symbols Per Second1920019200

PN Chips / Modulation Symbol PN Chips Per Modulation Symbol6464

PN Chips / Bit PN Chips Per Bit256128

* Each repetition of a code symbol is a modulation symbol


48/86

n The 384 modulation symbols in a frame are input into a 24 by 16block interleaver array (read down by columns, from left to right)

n The array represents a 20 ms interval worth of information

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 1 93 217 241 2 65 289 313 3 37 361

2 26 50 74 98 122 146 170 1 94 218 242 2 66 290 314 3 38 362

3 27 51 75 99 123 147 171 1 95 219 243 2 67 291 315 3 39 363

4 28 52 76 100 1 24 148 172 1 96 220 244 2 68 292 316 3 40 364

5 29 53 77 101 1 25 149 173 1 97 221 245 2 69 293 317 3 41 365

6 30 54 78 102 1 26 150 174 1 98 222 246 2 70 294 318 3 42 366

7 31 55 79 103 1 27 151 175 1 99 223 247 2 71 295 319 3 43 367

8 32 56 80 104 1 28 152 176 2 00 224 248 2 72 296 320 3 44 368

9 33 57 81 105 1 29 153 177 2 01 225 249 2 73 297 321 3 45 369

10 3 4 58 82 10 6 130 154 17 8 202 226 25 0 274 29 8 32 2 346 37 0

11 3 5 59 83 10 7 131 155 17 9 203 227 25 1 275 29 9 32 3 347 37 1

12 3 6 60 84 10 8 132 156 18 0 204 228 25 2 276 30 0 32 4 348 37 2

13 3 7 61 85 10 9 133 157 18 1 205 229 25 3 277 30 1 32 5 349 37 3

14 3 8 62 86 11 0 134 158 18 2 206 230 25 4 278 30 2 32 6 350 37 4

15 3 9 63 87 11 1 135 159 18 3 207 231 25 5 279 30 3 32 7 351 37 5

16 4 0 64 88 11 2 136 160 18 4 208 232 25 6 280 30 4 32 8 352 37 6

17 4 1 65 89 11 3 137 161 18 5 209 233 25 7 281 30 5 32 9 353 37 7

18 4 2 66 90 11 4 138 162 18 6 210 234 25 8 282 30 6 33 0 354 37 8

19 4 3 67 91 11 5 139 163 18 7 211 235 25 9 283 30 7 33 1 355 37 9

20 4 4 68 92 11 6 140 164 18 8 212 236 26 0 284 30 8 33 2 356 38 0

21 4 5 69 93 11 7 141 165 18 9 213 237 26 1 285 30 9 33 3 357 38 1

22 4 6 70 94 11 8 142 166 19 0 214 238 26 2 286 31 0 33 4 358 38 2

23 4 7 71 95 11 9 143 167 19 1 215 239 26 3 287 31 1 33 5 359 38 3

24 4 8 72 96 12 0 144 168 19 2 216 240 26 4 288 31 2 33 6 360 38 4

16 Columns

24 rows

Paging Channel - 9600 bps Block Interleaver

(Input Array)


49/86

9600 bps Block Interleaver (Output Array)

1 9 5 13 3 11 7 15 2 10 6 14 4 12 8 16

65 73 69 77 67 75 71 79 66 74 70 78 68 76 72 80

129 137 133 141 131 139 135 143 130 138 134 142 132 140 136 144

193 201 197 205 195 203 199 207 194 202 198 206 196 204 200 208

257 265 261 269 259 267 263 271 258 266 262 270 260 268 264 272

321 329 325 333 323 331 327 335 322 330 326 334 324 332 328 336

33 41 37 45 35 43 39 47 34 42 38 46 36 44 40 48

97 105 101 109 99 107 103 111 98 106 102 110 100 108 104 112

161 169 165 173 163 171 167 175 162 170 166 174 164 172 168 176

225 233 229 237 227 235 231 239 226 234 230 238 228 236 232 240

289 297 293 301 291 299 295 303 290 298 294 302 292 300 296 304

353 361 357 365 355 363 359 367 354 362 358 366 356 364 360 368

17 25 21 29 19 27 23 31 18 26 22 30 20 28 24 32

81 89 85 93 83 91 87 95 82 90 86 94 84 92 88 96

145 153 149 157 147 155 151 159 146 154 150 158 148 156 152 160

209 217 213 221 211 219 215 223 210 218 214 222 212 220 216 224

273 281 277 285 275 283 279 287 274 282 278 286 276 284 280 288

337 345 341 349 339 347 343 351 338 346 342 350 340 348 344 352

49 57 53 61 51 59 55 63 50 58 54 62 52 60 56 64

113 121 117 125 115 123 119 127 114 122 118 126 116 124 120 128

177 185 181 189 179 187 183 191 178 186 182 190 180 188 184 192

241 249 245 253 243 251 247 255 242 250 246 254 244 252 248 256

305 313 309 317 307 315 311 319 306 314 310 318 308 316 312 320

369 377 373 381 371 379 375 383 370 378 374 382 372 380 376 384

Assume that a

burs t of no ise

damages al l

these bi ts


50/86

9600 bps De-interleaving

1 25 4 9 7 3 97 12 1 1 45 1 69 19 3 2 17 2 41 26 5 2 89 3 13 33 7 3 612 26 5 0 7 4 98 12 2 1 46 1 70 19 4 2 18 2 42 26 6 2 90 3 14 33 8 3 62

3 27 5 1 7 5 99 12 3 1 47 1 71 19 5 2 19 2 43 26 7 2 91 3 15 33 9 3 63

4 28 5 2 7 6 1 00 12 4 1 48 1 72 19 6 2 20 2 44 26 8 2 92 3 16 34 0 3 64

5 29 5 3 7 7 1 01 12 5 1 49 1 73 19 7 2 21 2 45 26 9 2 93 3 17 34 1 3 65

6 30 5 4 7 8 1 02 12 6 1 50 1 74 19 8 2 22 2 46 27 0 2 94 3 18 34 2 3 66

7 31 5 5 7 9 1 03 12 7 1 51 1 75 19 9 2 23 2 47 27 1 2 95 3 19 34 3 3 67

8 32 5 6 8 0 1 04 12 8 1 52 1 76 20 0 2 24 2 48 27 2 2 96 3 20 34 4 3 68

9 33 5 7 8 1 1 05 12 9 1 53 1 77 20 1 2 25 2 49 27 3 2 97 3 21 34 5 3 69

10 34 5 8 8 2 1 06 13 0 1 54 1 78 20 2 2 26 2 50 27 4 2 98 3 22 34 6 3 70

11 35 5 9 8 3 1 07 13 1 1 55 1 79 20 3 2 27 2 51 27 5 2 99 3 23 34 7 3 71

12 36 6 0 8 4 1 08 13 2 1 56 1 80 20 4 2 28 2 52 27 6 3 00 3 24 34 8 3 72

13 37 6 1 8 5 1 09 13 3 1 57 1 81 20 5 2 29 2 53 27 7 3 01 3 25 34 9 3 73

14 38 6 2 8 6 1 10 13 4 1 58 1 82 20 6 2 30 2 54 27 8 3 02 3 26 35 0 3 74

15 39 6 3 8 7 1 11 13 5 1 59 1 83 20 7 2 31 2 55 27 9 3 03 3 27 35 1 3 75

16 40 6 4 8 8 1 12 13 6 1 60 1 84 20 8 2 32 2 56 28 0 3 04 3 28 35 2 3 76

17 41 6 5 8 9 1 13 13 7 1 61 1 85 20 9 2 33 2 57 28 1 3 05 3 29 35 3 3 77

18 42 6 6 9 0 1 14 13 8 1 62 1 86 21 0 2 34 2 58 28 2 3 06 3 30 35 4 3 78

19 43 6 7 9 1 1 15 13 9 1 63 1 87 21 1 2 35 2 59 28 3 3 07 3 31 35 5 3 79

20 44 6 8 9 2 1 16 14 0 1 64 1 88 21 2 2 36 2 60 28 4 3 08 3 32 35 6 3 80

21 45 6 9 9 3 1 17 14 1 1 65 1 89 21 3 2 37 2 61 28 5 3 09 3 33 35 7 3 81

22 46 7 0 9 4 1 18 14 2 1 66 1 90 21 4 2 38 2 62 28 6 3 10 3 34 35 8 3 82

23 47 7 1 9 5 1 19 14 3 1 67 1 91 21 5 2 39 2 63 28 7 3 11 3 35 35 9 3 83

24 48 7 2 9 6 1 20 14 4 1 68 1 92 21 6 2 40 2 64 28 8 3 12 3 36 36 0 3 84

16Columns

24rows


51/86

Data Scrambling (Data Randomization

Binary

Stream

10%: 0

90%: 1

5%: XOR with 0

5%: XOR with 1

45%: XOR with 0

45%: XOR with 1

0

1

1

0

50%: 1

50%: 0

XOR with 0

XOR with 1

XOR with 0

XOR with 1

0

0

1

1

10%: 0

90%: 1

Random

sequence

of 0s and 1s

The same

random

sequence

of 0s and 1s

10%: 0

90%: 1

Exactly the same random sequence of 0s and 1s must

be used at both ends. Perfect synchronization is required.


52/86

Masks

modulo 2 addition (same as XOR)

mask

XOROriginal PN

sequence

New PN

sequence

AND AND AND AND

1 001

0 011

0 110

1 101

1 010

0 101

1 011

0 111

1 111

1 110

10 0 0

0 010

0 100

1 1001 000

0 100

M k (E l 1)


53/86

Masks (Example 1)

Notice that not every bit in the mask needs to be ANDed with the corresponding register bit,

but not ANDing a particular mask bit with the corresponding register bit has the same effectas making this bit 0 and ANDing it anyway!

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

without mask:

with mask 1101:

10 0 0

11 0 1

10 0 0 1

0 010

11 0 1

00 0 0 0

0 100

11 0 1

00 0 1 1

1 001

11 0 1

11 0 0 0

0 011

11 0 1

10 0 0 1

0 110

11 0 1

00 0 1 1

1 101

11 0 1

11 0 1 1

1 010

11 0 1

01 0 0 1

0 101

11 0 1

10 0 1 0

1 011

11 0 1

11 0 0 0

0 111

11 0 1

10 0 1 0

1 111

11 0 1

11 0 1 1

1 110

11 0 1

01 0 1 0

1 100

11 0 1

01 0 1 0

1 000

11 0 1

01 0 0 1


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Masks (Example 2)

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

without mask:

with mask 1100:

10 0 0

11 0 0

10 0 0 1

0 010

11 0 0

00 0 0 0

0 100

11 0 0

00 0 0 0

1 001

11 0 0

11 0 0 0

0 011

11 0 0

10 0 0 1

0 110

11 0 0

00 0 0 0

1 101

11 0 0

11 0 0 0

1 010

11 0 0

01 0 0 1

0 10111 0 0

10 0 0 1

1 01111 0 0

11 0 0 0

0 11111 0 0

10 0 0 1

1 11111 0 0

11 0 0 0

1 11011 0 0

01 0 0 1

1 100

11 0 0

01 0 0 1

1 000

11 0 0

01 0 0 1


55/86

Paging Channel Scrambling

A Paging Channel is scrambled by the long code,

offset by a mask constructed as follows:

Where:

PCN is the Paging Channel Number, and

PILOT_PN is the Pilot short PN code offset index

1100011001101 00000 PCN 000000000000 PILOT_PN

41 29 28 24 23 21 20 9 8 0


56/86

Paging Channel Structure

R = 9600 or 4800 bps

(1) First new capsul e in slot, Synchronized Capsule

(2) Unsynchronized Capsules

(3) Synchronized Capsules

8 x MSG_LENGTHas required

SCI

8 bits 30 bits (see note

in text)

163.84 ms, 163.84 x R bits

2048 slots

8 Half Frames per Slot

(1) (2) (3)

10 ms

SCI : Synchronized Capsule Indicator

Maximum Paging Channel Slot Cycle

Slot Channel 0 Slot Channel n Slot Channel 2047

Half Frame Half Frame Half Frame Half Frame Half Frame

Half Frame Body Half Frame Body Half Frame Body Half Frame Body Half Frame Body 0 1 0 0 1 0

age Capsule Message Capsule Message Capsule Message

PaddingMessage Paging Channel Message Paging Channel Message Padding Pagi ng Ch

MSG_LENGTH Message Body CRC


57/86

Paging Channel Determination

n CDMA Channel (1.25 MHz band) Determination

In a CDMA system with multiple CDMA channels, the mobilestation must first determine the CDMA channel to be used

For this, it will use a hash function with the mobile stationsIMSI and the number of CDMA Channels on which the basestation transmits Paging Channels as input

n Paging Channel Determination

Then the mobile station must select a Paging Channel among

those transmitted in that CDMA channelFor this, it will use a hash function with the mobile stations

IMSI and the number of Paging Channels on the selectedCDMA frequency

Paging Channel Modes


58/86

Paging Channel Modes

n

Non-Slotted Mode Operation The mobile station continuously monitors the Paging Channel

Paging Channel messages can occupy any one of the 2048 slotin the maximum slot cycle

n Slotted Mode Operation

Provides scheduled transmission of messages for a specific

mobile station

Monitoring frequency can range from every 1.28 seconds to onevery 163.84 seconds

Support is optional and enabled by the mobile station

The mobile station can sleep or reduce power consumptionduring non-active states

n The mobile station must indicate the desired operating mode bymeans of the SLOTTED_MODE field in one certain messages.

n The mobile station is operating in slotted mode, it can alsospecify its preferred slot cycle index by means of theSLOT_CYCLE_INDEX field in the same message.


59/86

Slot Cycles

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SCI 163.84 s

T=2SCI

= Slot Cycle Index

T =Slot Cycle Length in 1.28 s units80 ms

1.28 s


60/86

Paging Slot Determination

n To determine its assigned paging slots, the mobile station uses thehash function to select a number, PGSLOT, in the range 0 to 2047(spanning the maximum slot cycle which is 163.84 seconds)

DECORR= 6xHASH_KEY [0..11]

PGSLOT= int 2048 40503 HXORLXORDECORR mod 216( )( )( )

216( )

HASH_KEY

H

IMSI_S (34 bits)

0151631

L

33 11

HASH_KEY [0..11]


61/86

where t is the system time in frames and SCI is the slot cycle index

nThe mobile stations assigned slots are given by:

7

6

5

4

SCI 163.84 s

PGSLOT

intt

4-PGSLOT mod 16 2

SCI

(int (t/4)-PGSLOT)mod(16 x T) = 0

Paging Slot Determination


62/86

Slotted Mode Operation

n The figure shows an example for a slot cycle length of 1.28 seconds (16 slots) in

which, based on PGSLOT, the slot to be monitored was determined to be the 13th.

n The mobile station wakes up at slot #12 and re-acquires the system

n It monitors the slot for messages during slot #13n The next slot the mobile station must monitor is 16 slots later (slot #29)

n If a page message started in one slot does not fit, it continues in the following slot(each paging message must be completely contained in one or two slots)

n Eventually the mobile realizes that there are no more pages for its class (see GeneralPage Message structure discussed later) and goes back to sleep

System Time

Paging Channel Slots

2047 0 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 16 17

1.28seconds

Mobile Stationin Non-Active State

Assigned PagingChannel Slot

Re-acquisitionofCDMA System

Mobile Stationin Non-Active State

80 ms


63/86

Paging Channel Overhead Messages

Mobile-Station-

Directed

Messages

Overhead

Messages

Access Parameters Message

System Parameters Message

CDMA Channel List Message

Extended System Parameters Message

Extended Neighbor List Message

Configuration

Parameter

Messages

Global Service Redirection Message

PagingMessages

ACC_CONFIG_SEQ

CONFIG_SEQ


64/86

Paging Channel Mobile-Station-Directed Messages

Mobile-Station-

DirectedMessages

OverheadMessages

Paging

Messages Channel Assignment Message

SSD Update Message

Feature Notification Message

Service Redirection Message

General Page Message

Null Message

Data Burst Message

Order Message

Status Request Message

TMSI Assignment Message

Authentication Challenge Message

All Fwd & RevChannels

Except Pilotand Synch

Paging &Fwd Traffic

Paging only

Onlyselected fieldsof the System Parameters

Message are discussed next. All the other fields

in this message as well as some of the

remaining overhead messages are discussed

later where it is more appropriate.


65/86

System Parameters Message (Paging Channels)

MSG_TYPE (00000001)

PILOT_PN

8

9

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ 6

SID 15

NID 16

REG_ZONE 12

TOTAL_ZONES 3

ZONE_TIMER 3

MULT_SIDS 1

MULT_NIDS 1

BASE_ID 16

BASE_CLASS 4

PAGE_CHAN 3

MAX_SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX 3

HOME_REG

FOR_SID_REG

1

1

FOR_NID_REG 1

POWER_UP_REG 1

POWER_DOWN_REG 1

PARAMETER_REG 1

REG_PRD 7

BASE_LAT 22

BASE_LONG 23

REG_DIST 11

SRCH_WIN_A 4

SRCH_WIN_N 4

SRCH_WIN_R 4

NGHBR_MAX_AGE 4

PWR_REP_THRESH

PWR_REP_FRAMES

5

4

PWR_THRESH_ENABLE 1

PWR_PERIOD_ENABLE 1

PWR_REP_DELAY 5

RESCAN 1

T_ADD 6

T_DROP 6

T_COMP 4

T_TDROP 4

EXT_SYS_PARAMETER 1

EXT_NGHBR_LIST 1

GLOBAL_REDIRECT 1

RESERVED (0s) 1

REGISTRATION

POWER CONTROL

HANDOFFS

(THRESHOLDS)

HANDOFFS

(PILOT SEARCH)

TRATION


66/86

MSG_TYPEMessage type: 00000001

PILOT_PNPilot PN offset index for this base station.

CONFIG_MSG_SEQCurrent value of CONFIG_SEQ

SIDSystem identification

NIDNetwork identification

MULT_SIDS1 if the mobile station may store multiple entries of SID_NID_LIST containing

different SIDs; 0 otherwise.

MULT_NIDS1 if the mobile station may store multiple entries of SID_NID_LIST having the

same SID (with different NIDs); 0 otherwise.

BASE_IDThis base station identification number

BASE_CLASS0001 indicating that this is a Public PCS System

System Parameters Message (Paging Channels)cont.


67/86

PAGE_CHANNumber of Paging Channels on this CDMA Channel in this base station (cannot be

000)

MAX_SLOT_CYCLE_INDEXMaximum value permitted for the Slot Cycle Index in this base

station

RESCAN1 if the mobile stations are to re-initialize and re-acquire the system upon receiving thismessage; 0 otherwise

EXT_SYS_PARAMETER1 if the base station sends the Extended System Parameters

Message on the Paging Channel; 0 otherwise

EXT_NGHBR_LIST1 if the base station sends the Extended Neighbor List Message on the

Paging Channel; 0 otherwise

GLOBAL_REDIRECT1 if the base station is sending the Global Service Redirection

Message on the Paging Channel; 0 otherwise

System Parameters Message (Paging Channels)cont.


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CDMA Channel List Message (Paging Channels)

A 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275

D 325, 350, 375

B 425, 450, 475, 500, 525, 550, 575, 600, 625, 650, 675

E 725, 750, 775

F 825, 850, 875

C 925, 950, 975, 1000, 1025, 1050, 1075, 1100, 1025, 1150, 1175

Block Preferred Set Channel Numbers

MSG_TYPE (00000100) 8

PILOT_PN 9

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ 6

CDMA_FREQ 11

RESERVED (0s) 0 - 7 (as needed)

Field Length (bits)

One or more occurrences of the following:

One occurrence of the following:


69/86

CDMA_FREQCDMA Channel frequency assignment. The base station includes one

occurrence of this field for each CDMA Channel that is supported by this base station.

Each occurrence of this field is set to the CDMA channel number for the corresponding

CDMA Channel assignment.

The order in which occurrences of this field are included gives the designations of thesupported CDMA Channels as CDMA Channel 1 through CDMA Channel N.

CDMA Channels in the preferred set of CDMA frequency assignments should occur

first.

RESERVEDThis field contains as many zeroes as needed in order to make the length

of the entire message an integer number of octets.

CDMA Channel List Message (Paging Channels)cont.


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Extended System Parameters Message (Paging Channels)

MSG_TYPE (00001101)

PILOT_PN

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ

RESERVED (0)

PREF_MSID_TYPE

MCC

IMSI_11_12

TMSI_ZONE_LEN

TMSI_ZONE

BCAST_INDEX

RESERVED (0000000)

8

9

6

1

3

10

7

4

8 x TMSI_ZONE_LEN

3

7

Field Length (bits)


71/86

PREF_MSID_TYPEPreferred Access Channel Mobile Station Identifier Type. Defines the type of MSID that the

mobile station is to use on the Access Channel. Values are as follows:

000 IMSI

001 IMSI and ESN

010 TMSI (valid TMSI is assigned); IMSI (TMSI not assigned)

011 TMSI (valid TMSI is assigned); IMSI and ESN (TMSI not assigned)

ALL OTHER VALUES ARE RESERVED.

MSID:

MCCMobile Country Code.

MOBILE COUNTRY CODE: 1 to three digits identifying the country, as defined in CCITT Blue

Book, Volume II, Fascicle II.2, Recommendation E.212, November 1988.

IMSI_11_12Digits 11 and 12 of the IMSI.

DIGITS 11 AND 12 OF THE IMSI: Same as the Mobile Network Code (MNC).

TMSI_ZONE_LENNumber of octets in the TMSI_ZONE field.

TMSI_ZONENumber of this TMSI zone. (TMSI zone is an administrative zone that allows the TMSI to be

reused).

BCAST_INDEXBroadcast Slot Cycle Index. To enable periodic broadcast paging, the base station sets this field to

an unsigned 3-bit value (1-7) equal to the broadcast slot cycle index. To disable periodic broadcast paging, the base

station sets this field to 000.

Extended System Parameters Message (Paging Channels)cont.


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Extended Neighbor List Message (Paging Channels)

MSG _TYPE (00001110)

PILOT_PN

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ

PILOT_INC

NGHBR_CONFIG

NGHBR_PN

SEARCH_PRIORITY

FREQ_INCL

NGHBR_BAND

NGHBR_FREQ

RESERVED (0s)

8

9

6

4

3

9

2

1

0 or 5

0 or 11

0 - 7 (as needed)

Field Length (bits)

Zero or more occurrences of the following record:

One occurrence of the following field:


73/86

PILOT_INCThe mobile station will search for the Remaining Set pilots as pilot PN sequence index values that aremultiples of the value (1-15) in this field.

NGHBR_CONFIGDescribes the configuration of the neighbor corresponding to this record relative to theconfiguration of this base station as follows:

000 Has the samenumber of frequencies with Paging Channels, and withthesamenumber of Paging Channels

FREQ_INCL = 0: frequency assignment is the same as in the currentcurrent base station

FREQ_INCL =1: frequency assignment is given by NGHBR_BANDand NGHBR_FREQ

001 Has the samenumber of frequencies with Paging Channels, but withadifferentnumber of Paging ChannelsFREQ_INCL = 0: frequency assignment is the same as in the current

current base station

FREQ_INCL =1: frequency assignment is given by NGHBR_BAND

and NGHBR_FREQ010 May have a differentnumber of frequencies with Paging Channels

FREQ_INCL = 0: neighbor has a Primary Paging Channel on the firstCDMA channel listed in the CDMA Channel List Message transmitted

by the current base stationFREQ_INCL =1: neighbor has a Primary Paging Channel in the

frequency assignment is given by NGHBR_BAND and NGHBR_FREQ

Extended Neighbor List Message (Paging Channels)cont.

Extended Neighbor List Message (Paging Channels)cont.


74/86

011 This neighbors configuration is unknown

FREQ_INCL = 0: this CDMA frequency assignment has a Pilot ChannelFREQ_INCL = 1: the CDMA frequency assignment given by

NGHBR_BAND and NGHBR_FREQ has a Pilot Channel

ALL OTHER VALUES ARE RESERVED.

NGHBR_PNPilot PN sequence offset index for the neighbor (in units of 64 PN chips).

SEARCH_PRIORITYDefines the search priority for the Pilot Channel corresponding to NGHBR_PN as follows:

00 Low01 Medium10 High11 Very High

FREQ_INCLFrequency included indicator. This field is set to 1 if the NGHBR_FREQ field for this neighbor basestation is included in this record; and it is set to 0 if not.

NGHBR_BANDCDMA band class as follows:

0 800 MHz cellular1 1900 MHz PCS

NGHBR_FREQCDMA Channel number of the CDMA Channel containing the Paging Channel the mobile station is tosearch for.

RESERVEDEnough zero bits to make the length of the message an integer number of octets.


75/86

Global Service Redirection Message, (Paging Channels)

MSG_TYPE (00010010)

PILOT_PN

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ

REDIRECT_ACCOLC

RETURN_IF_FAIL

RECORD_TYPE

RECORD_LEN

Type-specific fields

8

9

6

16

1

8

8

8 x RECORD_LEN

Field Length (bits)

One occurrence of the following record:

BAND_CLASS 5

EXPECTED_SID 15

EXPECTED_NID 16

RESERVED 4

NUM_CHANS 4

CDMA_CHAN 11

RESERVED (0s) 0-7 (as needed)

NUM_CHANS occurrences of the following field:

Subfield Length (bits)DELETE_TMSI 1

RESERVED 1


76/86

ACK_SEQAcknowledge sequence number. The base station sets this field to thevalue of the MSG_SEQ from the most recently received Access Channel messagerequiring acknowledgment from the mobile station addressed by this order

MSG_SEQMessage sequence number. The base station sets this field to the messagesequence number for this order.

ACK_REQAcknowledgment required indicator. The base station sets this field to 1to request from the mobile station acknowledge to this order. The base station sets thisfield to 0 to indicate that the mobile station is not required to acknowledge this order.

VALID_ACKValid acknowledgment indicator. To acknowledge the most recentlyreceived Access Channel message from the mobile station the base station sets this fieldto 1. If this order does not acknowledge the most recently received Access Channelmessage from the mobile station, the base station sets this field to 0.

ADDR_TYPEAddress type. The base station sets this field to the value shown in thefollowing table corresponding to the type of address contained in the address field:

Global Service Redirection Message, (Paging Channels)cont.


77/86


Description ADDR-TYPE

(binary)

ADDR_LEN

(octets)

Reserved 000 -

ESN 001 4 to 7

IMSI 010 5 to 7

TMSI 011 2 to 12

Reserved 100 -

BROADCAST 101 Variable

All other ADDR_TYPE values are reserved

ADDR_LENAddress field length. The base station sets this field to the number of octetsincluded in the ADDRESS field.

ADDRESSMobile station or broadcast address. The base station sets this field to themobile station or broadcast address, according to the address type specified in theADDR_TYPE field

If the ADDR_TYPE is equal to 001, the ADDRESS field has the following structure:


78/86


Sub field Length (bits)

ESN8 8 x ADDR_LEN

If the ADDR_TYPE is equal to 010, the ADDRESS field has the following structure


IMI_CLASS 1

IMI Class-specific subfields 7 + 8 x (ADDR_LEN1)

If the ADDR_TYPE is equal to 011, the ADDRESS field has the following structure


TMSI_ZONES If ADDR_LEN > 4 then ADDR_LEN4;

otherwise 0

TMSI_CODE_ADDR If ADDR_LEN > 4 then ADDR_LEN4;

otherwise ADDR_LEN


79/86

General Page Message (Paging Channels)

Class 0, IMSI_S included

Class 0, IMSI_S and

IMSI_11_12 included

Class 0, IMSI and

MCCincluded

Class 0, IMSI_S,

IMSI_11_12, and MCC included

Class 1, IMSI and

MCCincluded

Class 1, IMSI_S,

IMSI_11_12, and MCC included

Class 2 with 32 bit TMSI_CODE_ADDR

(SID, NID & TMSI_ZONE not included)






(SID, NID & TMSI_ZONE included)

Class 3, Broadcast

00

00

00

00

01

01

10

10

10

10

11

Page Record FormatsPage Record Formats

PageClass

(binary)

PageSubclass

(binary)

Page RecordFormat No

(decimal)

00

01

10

11

00

01

00

01

10

11

00

0

1

2

3

4

5

8

9

10

11

12

MSG_TYPE (00010001) 8

Field Length (bits)

CONFIG_MSG_SEQ 6

ACC_MSG_SEQ 6

CLASS_0_DONE 1

CLASS_1_DONE 1

TMSI_DONE 1

ORDERED_TMSIS 1

BROADCAST_DONE 1

RESERVED_ 4

ADD_LENGTH 3

ADD_PFIELD 8 x ADD_LENGTH

PAGE_CLASS 2

PAGE_SUBCLASS 2

Page-type-specific fields Page-type-specific

REESERVED (0s) 07 (as needed)

Zero or more occurrences of the following page record:


80/86

Page Channel messages other than the General Page Message can be addressed, by means of the ADDRESS field, to

either a specific mobile station identified by its ESN (ADDR_TYPE = 001), a specific IMSI (ADDR_TYPE =

010), or a specific TMSI (ADDR_TYPE = 011).

General Page Messages can only be addressed to specific IMSIs or TMSIs.

The base station assigns the mobile station a page class and subclass which determines how it will be addressing that

mobile station in General Page Messages. If the PAGE_CLASS of a page record is 00 or 01, then this paging recordrefers to a mobile addressed by IMSI. If the PAGE_CLASS of a page record is 10, then this paging record refers to a

mobile addressed by TMSI. If the PAGE_CLASS of a page record is 11, then this paging record refers to a mobile

addressed as part of a broadcast group.

General Page Messages contain four fields, CLASS_0_DONE, CLASS_1_DONE, TMSI_DONE, and

ORDERED_TMSIS, which indicate when a personal station operating in slotted mode may stop monitoring the

Paging Channel.

The concepts of CLASS 0 and CLASS 1 have to do with the number of digits in the IMSI, and aredefined in the next slide.

CLASS_0_DONESet to 1 by the base station if all the class 0 page records or other directed messages for

mobile stations operating in slotted mode, active in this slot, and having an assigned class 0 IMSI, have been sent by

the end of this General Page Message. Set to 0 otherwise.

General Page Message (Paging Channels)cont.


81/86

General Page Message (Paging Channels)cont.

CLASS_1_DONESet to 1 by the base station if all the class 1 page records or other directed messages for

mobile stations operating in slotted mode, active in this slot, and having an assigned class 1 IMSI, have been sent by

the end of this General Page Message. Set to 0 otherwise.

TMSI_DONESet to 1 by the base station if all the class 10 page records or other directed messages for mobile

stations operating in slotted mode, active in this slot, and having an assigned TMSI have been sent by the end of this

General Page Message. Set to 0 otherwise.

ORDERED_TMSISSet to 1 by the base station if all the class 10 page records in all the General Page

Messages sent for mobile stations operating in slotted mode, active in this slot, have the TMSI code values of the

TMSI_CODE and TMSI_CODE_ADDR fields in ascending numerical order. Set to 0 otherwise.

BROADCAST_DONESet to 1 by the base station if all the broadcast (class 11) page records, have been sent

by the end of this General Page Message. Set to 0 otherwise.

ADD_LENGTHNumber of octets in the page-message-specific fields.

ADD_FIELDAdditional page-message-specific fields.

RESERVEDUp to 7 bits (as needed) to make the total length of the message an integer number of octets.


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IMSI

MCC

MNC MSIN (Up to 10 digits)

(3 digits) (2 digits)

NMSI (Up to 12 digits)

IMSI (Up to 15 digits)

IMSI International Mobile Station Identity

MCC Mobile Country CodeNMSI National Mobile Station Identity

MNC Mobile Network Code

MSIN Mobile Station Identification N umber

Class 0 IMSI: 15 digits Class 1 IMSI: less than 15 digits


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IMSI_S

IMSI with less than 10 digits

IMSI with 10 digits

IMSI with more than 10 digits

0 0

IMSI_S2 IMSI_S1

(34 bits)

(10 digits)

IMSI_S


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IMSI_11_12

IMSI with less than 12 digits

IMSI with 12 digits

IMSI with more than 12 digits

00

IMSI_11_12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

When the IMSI has 12 or more digits, IMSI_11_12 is equal to the 11th and 12th digits of the IMSI. When the IMSI hasfewer than 12 digits, IMSI_11_12 is equal to the last two digits.


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Page Records (Class 0)

MSG_SEQ 3

IMSI_S 34

Field Length (bits)

SPECIAL_SERVICE 1

SERVICE_OPTION 0 or 16

MSG_SEQ 3

IMSI_S 34

Field Length (bits)

SPECIAL_SERVICE 1


MCC 10

MSG_SEQ 3

IMSI_S 34

Field Length (bits)

SPECIAL_SERVICE 1SERVICE_OPTION 0 or 16

IMSI_11_12 7

Class 0, Subclass 0

Class 0, Subclass 2

Class 0, Subclass 1

MSG_SEQ 3

IMSI_S 34

Field Length (bits)

SPECIAL_SERVICE 1


IMSI_11_12 7

Class 0, Subclass 3

MCC 10


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See next series of slides

Page Records (Class 0)cont.

Documents

CDMA Forward Channel