CellCell--based Architecture for based Architecture for Adaptive Wiring Panels: A First Adaptive Wiring Panels: A First

ApproachApproachVictor Murray11, Daniel Llamocca11, Yuebing Jiang11,

Marios Pattichis11

James LykeJames Lyke22, Stephen Achramowicz, Stephen Achramowicz22, Keith Avery, Keith Avery22

11University of New MexicoUniversity of New Mexico22Air Force Research LaboratoryAir Force Research Laboratory

2

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

3

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

4

What is a wiring harness?

• Packaging hierarchy from transistor to system

• Wires dominate the content of electronics in systems

• Harnesses are wires that form Level 4 connections

27 April 2011

5

Real World Example – Tacsat 2

27 April 2011

6

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

7

Advantages

• Dramatic time reduction– Reduces weeks and months to minutes

• Flexibility– Accommodate last minute changes– Fixing errors after the fact

• Diagnostic enhancement– Form temporary probes without dismantling system

• Robustness– Ability to route around damage– Ability to make self-healing

27 April 2011

8

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

9

Adaptive wiring concept

CB

A

A

B

C

CB

A

A

B

C

blank programmed

10

Segmented (extended) adaptive panel

CB

A

A

BC

11

Temporary probes can be inserted

CB

A

A

BC

V

12

Fault management

CB

A

A

BC

Faulty connection

New good connection

13

Physical Embodiment

14

Placement and routing (two modules)

E

D

E

D

15

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

16

Challenges

• Bistable / multistable / persistent, low-power• Electrical performance

– Low resistance– Bandwidth – High-isolation (low crosstalk)

• Hot-switching• Compact • Low-cost

27 April 2011

17

Wiring Supply / Demand

27 April 2011

Length

Quantity

Supply (ex.)

Demand (OK)Case 1

Demand Case 2Over‐supply (wasteful)

Demand Case 3 (wiring starved, won’t work)

18

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

19

Simplified Depiction

Unplaced modulePlaced module

Cell

Cells

Scalable adaptive wirinpanel

Cell Management Unit

20

“Unit cell”

Displaced unit cell

Unit cell

Mechanical mounting point

Power terminal (pin)

Signal terminal (pin)

21

“East “ edge

Local I2C communications port

Routable wiring resources

Surface routing termini

Cell common I2C port

Cell local processing unit

“North“ edge

“South“ edge

“West“ed

ge

Cell –module I2C port

Unit cell details

22

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

23

Adaptive Wiring Panel with modules

27 April 2011

24

Interior details of module connections to panel

27 April 2011

25

Example Wiring Problem

27 April 2011

26

Cell Implementation

• Cells are self-contained (5cm x 5cm)• Contains local routing (~70 relays)• Communicate using six I2C busses

– 4 neighbors (N-E-W-S) (local)– 1 cell-to-module– 1 cell-to-host (global)

27 April 2011

27

Current Hardware (one cell)

27 April 2011

Top board ( adaptive surface)

Southcell board

28

Cell Management Unit

• Manages global panel of cells– Computes connections– Manages cell and modules– Implements dynamic changes

• Implements wiring harness as netlist• Netlist programmed SPICE language• Route algorithms• Graphical User Interface (GUI) simplifies user

interaction

27 April 2011

29

Cell management Unit

27 April 2011

30

Five cells, two modules

27 April 2011

31

Example Problem

27 April 2011

32

Graphical User Interface

27 April 2011

33

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

34

Future Work

• Increase demo to 64 tiles (8 cells x 8 cells)

• Development of MEMS switches (90% reduction in size, weight, and power)

• Improved hierarchical routing algorithms

• Self-healing demonstrations• Multi-panel manifold• Extension of ideas to three dimensions

27 April 2011

35

Outline

• What is a wiring harness?• Why would we want to make it reconfigurable

and adaptive?• Basic concept of adaptive wiring harness• Challenges• Cellular architecture for adaptive wiring

harness• Current Status• Future Work• Conclusions

27 April 2011

36

Conclusions

• Adaptive wiring can have significant advantages over fixed designs (speed, flexibility, robustness)

• Adaptive wiring architecture has been described

• Cellular version of adaptive wiring harness has been designed and partial panel has been demonstrated

• Within next year a full scale version will be available for further study

37

Acknowledgments

• Financial support– AFRL Space Vehicles– Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/NE)

Discovery Challenge Thrust for Reconfigurable Cellular Electronic/Photonic Arrays (Dr Gernot Pomrenke)

27 April 2011

38