Cell Theory and Organelles

As I am presenting, please complete the organelle identification worksheet

The 3 parts of the cell theory- all organisms are composed of one or more cells - cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms - all cells come from preexisting cells

All cellular organisms carry out the following functions of life: Metabolism: chemical reactions that release energy for cellular use

Reproduction

Homeostasis: maintain stable internal conditions

Growth

Response to the environment

Excretion: removal of waste

Nutrition: obtaining food needed for energy and growth

Cells vary in many ways within and between organisms, but some things are common to all cells...

- they are surrounded by a membrane- they contain genetic material (DNA)- they contain enzymes that help chemical reactions in a cell- they have an energy-release system (metabolism)

Types of cells

CellsInside eukaryotic cell

- each cells are composed of smaller components called organelles - organelles work together to carry out life functions- each organelle has specific functions

Difference between animal cells and plant cells

Cell membrane- boundary of the cell- made of phospholipid bilayer- controls movement of material in and out of the cell

Cell WallIn plant cells only!

● rigid layer inside the cell membrane that acts as structural support ● made of cellulose

Cytoplasm - mainly composed of water, salts

and proteins - keeps all organelles suspended

Nucleus- control center of the cell- contains DNA- surrounded by membrane- usually one per cell

Ribosomes - make proteins - found attached to rough ER or

floating free in cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum- connected to nuclear membrane- highway of the cell, because it

transports materials within the cell- connect different parts of the cell- the outer surface is either smooth

or rough (ribosomes on it make it rough)

- Smooth ER: Creates and transports fats

- Rough ER: Folds and transports proteins

Golgi Apparatus- cells packaging center - stores modifies and packages

proteins in bubble tight boxes where they are transported outside the cells

Vesicle- membrane-covered sacs that transport materials inside the cell and in/out of

the cell

Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell- cellular respiration occurs here

to release energy for the cell to use

- highly folder membranes inside it

Lysosomes - garbage disposal of the cell- contain digestive enzymes that

break down wastes

VacuoleFluid-filled sacs that store food, water, and waste

● In animals-- several small vacuoles● In plants-- one or two large vacuoles

Chloroplast- only found in plant cells - contain green pigment

chlorophyll- site of food production- allow for photosynthesis to take

place

https://vimeo.com/7746357

ReviewWhich organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Which organelle is known as the packaging center of the cell?

DNA is found in which part of the cell?