Cellular Organelles:How is structure related to function?

Plasma Membrane• Structures:– Phospholipid

bilayer– Integral Proteins– Glycolipids– Peripheral Proteins

• Functions– Control what

enters and leaves– Identifies the cell

Nucleus

• Structures:– Nuclear Envelope

• Membrane• Pores

– Chromatin– Nucleolus

• Functions:– Control what

leaves/enters the nucleus

– Storage of DNA– Manufacture Ribosomes

Ribosomes

• Structures:– Large Subunit– Small Subunit– RNA– Docking stations for

tRNA– Protein

• Functions:– Dock tRNA to the RNA

code– Drop off Amino Acids– Generate proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum

• Structures:– Large membrane

channels– Small membrane

tubes– Ribosomes

• Functions– Proteins are made

and enter the channels

– Directed towards the outside of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• Structures:– Membrane Sacs

(Cisternae)– Incoming vesicles– Outgoing vesicles

• Functions:– Receive proteins– Process proteins– Package proteins– Ship them out of the

cell

Vesicles

• Structures:– Phospholipid bilayer– Contents

• Enzymes• Food• Water

• Functions:– Breakdown old cell

parts– Storage

Mitochondria

• Structures:– Outer Membrane– Inner Membrane (Cristae)– Matrix

• Functions:– Cellular Respiration– Concentration Gradient– ATP Synthase embedded in the cristae

Chloroplasts

• Structure:– Inner/Outer Membrane– Stroma– Grana– Thylakoids

• Functions:– Concentration gradient– Pigments for Photosynthesis embedded in

the membranes– Make sugars!