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Cellular Respiration Chapter 8.3

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Animal Plant Mitochondria

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Cellular Respiration Catabolic pathway Organic sugars are broken down to release energy for the cell Electrons are used for energy (opposite of photosynthesis) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O

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Question Which cell organelle makes energy available to the rest of the cell? Mitocondria energy powerhouse

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Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Anaerobic : Does not require oxygen Aerobic : Requires oxygen

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Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane Matrix Mitochondria

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Glycolysis What are the reactants in this process? Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+ and 4 ADP What are the products of this process? 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 pyruvates

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Glycolysis Overall Purpose: Initial break down of GLUCOSE to release energy Produces ATP and NADH molecules for energy storage Takes place in the. CYTOPLASM Reactants : Glucose (ADP & NAD + ) Products : Two PYRUVATE molecules (ATP & NADH)

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Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Overall Purpose: In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Collect energized electrons to pass to the electron transport chain (NADH/FADH 2 carriers) Takes place in the. MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX Reactants : Pyruvate (ADP, NAD +, & FAD) Products : CO 2 (ATP, NADH, & FADH 2 )

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Overall Purpose: High-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH 2 are used to convert ADP to ATP Electrons from NADH and FADH 2 are passed to the electron transport chain Oxygen picks up the electrons (and hydrogen) to make water Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase to make ATP Takes place in the. INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE Reactants : (NADH & FADH 2) Oxygen Products : (NAD & FAD) Water ATP!!!!! Electron Transport

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What about bacteria? Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) dont have mitochondria Electron transport takes place in the cell membrane!

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Mr. Andersons Podcast (Bozemanbiology): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M

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Anaerobic Respiration Cells can function for a short time with little oxygen Cells continue to produce ATP through glycolysis Glycolysis only produces a small amount of ATP Limited by the availability of NAD + Anaerobic respiration that follows glycolysis is called fermentation Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm Two types of fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation Alcohol fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation Enzymes convert pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid Transfer of electrons from NADH Skeletal muscles produce lactic acid when there is not enough oxygen Bacteria make lactic acid in the production of cheese, yogurt, and sour cream from milk

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Alcohol Fermentation Occurs in yeast and some bacteria Pyruvate is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide NADH transfers electrons

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