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2018/07/12—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 1
July 12, 2018
11
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 2
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I
Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 201810:30─12:00, Thursday at Lecture Room D103
Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)
[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 3
objectives/goal/keywords
objectivesUnderstanding of scientific methods based on the studies onchemicals and environments. No transmission of knowledge inchemistry or environmental science is expected.
goalTo find a way of thinking and to understand fundamental scientificmethods for better interpretation of chemistry and environment
keywordsEnvironment and chemicals, Scientific methods, Fundamentals forchemical research
topicsfuel cell: mass communication and scientific articles/microwaveoven/identification of chemical substances/dioxin/climbing MountEverest/A map of European countries: taking laboratorynotebooks/triple crown in science/jamming up in buses: originality inscience/diet control products and methods: ethics/recycle
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 4
format
• Answer several questions in each classes. Any answers areevaluated if meaningful. Answers in null correspond justyour absence. <30%>
• A quiz, leading to and encouraging understanding chemistryand/or science, has to be submitted in the end of this course.<50%>
• Students have to submit "a question" with each nickname toProfessor Ohtani and impression/comments after each classand vote for "question and answer". <20%>
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 5
schedule
(1) April 12 introduction with introduction(2) April 19 mole and Avogadro constant(3) April 26 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 10 microwave oven/Internet
May 17 (no class)(5) May 24 originality in science/fake(6) May 31 experimental notebook(7) June 7 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test
June 14 (no class)(8) June 21 cell(9) June 28 triple crown(10) July 5 recycle(11) July 12 ecology/green-house effect(12) July 19 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) July 26 presentation of quiz(14) July 26 《3: 1300-1430》 presentation of quiz (questionnaire)
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 6
quiz
• nickname• quiz• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry
and science• results of the internet search for the quiz
Send email by noon of July 23, 2018• Use of texts in email, not using a Microsoft Word file attachment, is
preferable, or• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides of "quiz
(nickname)" and "the others" by file attachment.
subject: me20180723-XXXXXXXXaddress: [email protected]
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 7
the best question and answer
Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.
Do not vote question(s) of absent student(s) and delayed arrival shown below the horizontal line!In case an attendee ask multiple questions (and answers), specify the number following the nickname when voting, e.g., "Einstein (2)".
2018/07/12—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 8
today's topic = ecology
recycleecology
ecology 10
ecology in Wikipedia
Ecology is a sub-discipline of biology, the study of life. The word "ecology" ("oekologie")was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Haeckel was azoologist, artist, writer, and later in life a professor of comparative anatomy. Ancientphilosophers of Greece, including Hippocrates and Aristotle, were among the earliest torecord notes and observations on the natural history of plants and animals; the earlyrudiments of modern ecology. Modern ecology mostly branched out of natural historyscience that flourished in the late 19th century. Charles Darwin's evolutionary treatise andthe concept of adaptation as it was introduced in 1859 is a pivotal cornerstone in modernecological theory.
Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history orenvironmental science. Ecology is closely related to the biological disciplines of physiology,evolution, genetics and behavior. An understanding of how biodiversity affects ecologicalfunction is an important focus area in ecological studies. Ecosystems sustain every life-supporting function on the planet, including climate regulation, water filtration, soil formation(pedogenesis), food, fibers, medicines, erosion control, and many other natural features ofhistorical, spiritual or scientific value.
Many people in Japan use this word to show
something environmentally benign
ecology 11
ecological way: vinyl bags
Q Is "no-use of vinyl bags" in stores ecological? Answer with reasons.
ecology 12
ecological way: vinyl bags
Three thousands million (30,000,000,000) vinyl bags were used in Japan in 2008, which corresponded to 250,000 tons of petroleum.
The source distilled part of petroleum is of low boiling point which has no other usage to be discarded by burning, i.e., no decrease of resulting carbon dioxide can be expected when those vinyl bags are not used in stores.
A vinyl bag costs ca. 0.2—0.3 JPY Assuming that the average weight of vinyl bag to be 8 g and
two bags (16 g) are used per occasion, use of petroleum corresponding to vinyl bags can be reduced only by that 10% of people stop using cars to visit stores (8 g gasoline = 0.1 km drive).
Reduction of usage of cars is much more effective for reduction of carbon-dioxide
emission.
ecology 13
gasoline ticket
(July 16, 2008)ItoYokado starts today to offer discount gasoline coupons to the shoperspurchasing to some amount. The service are available in their 79 affiliatedstores. <snip> For six days from 16 to 20, '10-yen-reduction per one liter' gasdiscount coupons are given to every purchase of JPY5,000. No more than tocoupons are provided to the same person even if his/her purchase amountsexcess JPY10,000. <snip>
ecology 14
ecological way: disposable chopsticks
Q Is it "ecological" not to use disposable chopsticks?
ecology 15
ecological way: disposable chopsticks
Q Is it "ecological" not to use disposable chopsticks?
A Use of disposable chopstick may be more ecological.
• For maintenance of forests, it is necessary to thin trees and to cut small branches and resultant woods cannot be carried out, if they are sold. Then, forests become sick.
• In Japan, use of disposable chopsticks has been limited due to the misunderstanding, disabling proper use of waste wood after thinning and pruning. A large part of woods of disposable chopsticks is imported from China. The woods should be used for other purposes.
• In overall forests both in Japan and China are dameged.
ecology 16
sea level
Q Is sea level raised due to the global warming?
ecology 17
melting of ice
Q Ice, volume of which under water level is 0.9 L and over water level is0.1 L melts. Estimate the change of water level, assuming density of(liquid) water to be 1.
ecology 18
melting of ice
Q Ice, volume of which under water level is 0.9 L and over water level is0.1 L melts. Estimate the change of water level, assuming density of(liquid) water to be 1.
A The ice is given buoyancy of 0.9 kg (= mass of water pushed out bythe ice) and this means that the mass of ice is 0.9 kg. Since thevolume of 0.9 kg water is 0.9 L,
no change of water level will be observedno change of sea level due to melting of arctic ice
ecology 19
global warming and the Antarctic continent
Q Is ice on the Antarctic continent reduced due to the global warming?
ecology 20
global warming and the Antarctic continent
Q Is ice on the Antarctic continent reduced due to the global warming?
A Ice on the continent is mainly due to snow fall and the temperature in acentral part of the continent is ca. –50 deg C. If the temperature of seawater raised, amount of water vapor in air will be increased to result inheavier snow fall and
increase in the amount of ice
ecology 21
ice in Greenland
"An Inconvenient Truth" by Al Gore tells that in near future ice covering Greenland will melt to raise water level by 6 m.
At least several thousands years are necessary (IPCC)
ecology 22
Tuvalu Marshal islands
sea level and global warming
Q Tuvalu has had problems with flooding in its coastal areas which has affected its agriculture industry. Is this due to "global warming"?
ecology 23
sea level rise
Q How much raise of sea level by global warming is expected in Japan?
ecology 24
sea level in Tuvalu
• The South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project”. The Bureau of Meteorology, Australia (February 6, 2007).
maximum
average
minimum
ecology 25
sea level rise
Q How much raise of sea level by global warming is expected in Japan?
A ca. 10 cm. cf. change in seasons: ca. 40 cm (highest in summer due to expansion of sea water. Low pressure of –50 hPa raises sea level by ca. 50 cm. Considering these problems, there will be no effect of rise in sea level.
ecology 26
collection: pull-tab/newspaper/paper carton
• Pull tab: 1,400,000 pull tabs of aluminum cans (700 kg/JPY140,000,000!) are equivalent to 1 wheel chair (JPY70,000): JPY100 for 1 kg.
• Newspaper: JPY0.5 for 1 kg.• Paper carton: JPY0 for 1 kg.
ecology 27
recycle/ecology
Kunihiko TAKEDA武田邦彦（たけだくにひこ）
リサイクル幻想文春新書131・文藝春秋（2000）
偽善エコロジー幻冬舎新書081・幻冬舎（2008）
「エコロジー」の有害性を訴えるだけでなく，『どう判断すればいいのか』についてものべている．「心が満足していると物は少なくてすむ＝好きな人がいれば，1杯のコーヒーでも夢のような2時間を過ごすことができる」
ecology 28
ecology
Q Increase in the price of crude oil. Is this preferable, if you think ecologically?
ecology 29
ecology
Q Increase in the price of crude oil. Is this preferable, if you think ecologically?
A High price of gasoline may induce the decrease in use of cars and also production of cars, using energy such as petroleum to result in the decrease in carbon dioxide emission.
trade-off relation between
economical and environmental issues
ecology 30
guideline
"inexpensive"
■ エネルギーと資源の消費のためにはお金がかかる■ 「安いもの」はエネルギーと資源の消費が少ないということ■ 支出をへらす＝収入をふやすことではない■ 「好景気」をもとめない■ 論理的な思考ができる政治家をえらぶ＝税金が少なくなる
● 自動車を所有するより，必要なときにレンタカーをつかう方がやすあがり● 必要以上に食べながら，お金を払ってフィットネスでエネルギーを消費するく
らいなら，はじめから食べる量をへらせばよい＝支出がへるとおもえば食欲をがまんできる
● 単位体積あたりの価格が低い2 LサイズのPETボトルのお茶をもち歩くのはたいへんだが，500 mLのPETボトルにつめかえればよい．やかんで麦茶をつくる方がもっと経済的（じつは隠れた要素＝アスコルビン酸）
2018/07/12—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 31
comments on this lecture and question
Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours
to: [email protected]: me20180712-XXXXXXXX(your id number)
[email protected]<full name><nickname><comments on today's lecture><question(s): at least one>
2018/07/12—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 32
sample mail
subject: me20180712-12345678
me20180712-12345678
大谷文章
某教授
今日の講義ではなぜ講義名が「分子環境学特論I」なのかはわかりませんでしたが，これからの講義がすこし楽しみです．
先生はなんでそんなにモテるんですか．
