分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200709b_BO_Sapporo.pdf5 format Please send email in Japanese or English within 72 hours to: [email protected] subject:

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1

2020/07/09

分子環境学特論I

10


Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 202010:30─12:00, Thursday on ZOOM

Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


schedule

(1) May 7 introduction with introduction(2) May 14 mole and Avogadro constant(3) May 21 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 28 microwave oven/Internet(5) June 4 originality in science/fake(6) June 11 experimental notebook(7) June 18 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) June 25 cell(9) July 2 triple crown(10) July 9 recycle(11) July 16 ecology/green-house effect(12) July 23 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) July 30 recognition/XXXed(14) August 6 presentation of quiz(15) August 13 presentation of quiz


the best question and answer

Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.

• Do not vote question(s) of absent student(s) and delayed arrival shown below the horizontal line!

• In case an attendee asks multiple questions (and answers), specify the number following the nickname when voting, e.g., "Einstein (2)". Unassigned vote will be evenly divided into all multiple questions.

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)<best question><best answer>answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200709-57388301

me20200709-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200709-57388301


quiz

• nickname• quiz• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry

and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

Send email by noon of August 3, 2020• Use of texts in email, not using a Microsoft Word file attachment, is

preferable, or• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides of "quiz

(nickname)" and "the others" by file attachment.

subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXXaddress: [email protected]


"triple crown" in science

QWhat is triple crown in science?"Name" is recorded in

an award, e.g. Nobel Prize 1932 in Chemistryname of reaction or principle ... isotherm/...-Blodgett filmunit Langmuir, a unit of "exposure"name of societies or journals Langmuiradjective Langmuirian

QWho is quintuple crown in science?Irving Langmuir (1881-1957)


The Solvay Conferences on Physics

The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of chemical bonds.

Lang

mui

r*

Pran

ck*

Cur

ie**

Lore

ntz*

Eins

tein

*

Lang

evin

Schr

aedi

nger

*

Paul

i*

Hei

senb

erg*

Deb

ye*

Knu

dsen

Bra

gg*

Boh

r*

Bor

n*de B

rogl

ie*

Com

pton

*

Dila

c*


Langmuir cycle

• Water, impurity, is adsorbed on tungsten surface and leads to formation of tungsten oxide (low melting point) and hydrogen.

• Volatilization of tungsten oxide to be deposited on an inner glass face.• Reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen produces water leaving

tungsten on the glass surface.

W

H2O

WO3

H2 WO3

W


contribution of Langmuir

research work in GEHe found that adsorption of water should be avoided and that filling up

inert gas, e.g., argon is effective.considered correlations between pressure of gas and amount of

adsorption, leading to "Langmuir isotherm"

Langmuir's theory on adsorption• applicable to almost all adsorptions, especially those occurring in liquid

phase• can be derived theoretically• often combined with kinetic equation for catalytic (photocatalytic)

reactions


today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

triple crown

(1) simple and easily understandable = the most objective(2) open for everybody = comprehensive

XXX'ed!!! （○○○た！）

＝ original


today's topic = recycle

recycleecology


container of milk

• Which container do you like, glass bottles and paper carton? Assume that those are of same price.


container of milk: environmental point of view

• Which container do you like, glass bottles and paper carton? Assume that those are of same price and consider based on the environmental point of view.




glass bottle• increase in the amount of fuel due to heaviness• airborne pollution due to increase fuel consumption• aquatic contamination due to washing

paper carton• Paper is renewable resource.• Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by plants.• Paper cartons can not be recycled to paper cartons:

cascade recycle.





environment load of beverage containers

• strongly depending on evaluation of airborne pollution and aquatic contamination

http://www.ne.jp/asahi/ecodb/yasui/ContainerImpact.htm


plastic wastes in Sapporo

Q What is fate of collected plastic wastes in Sapporo?

Q What is fate of collected PET bottles in Sapporo?


recycle (?) in Sapporo City


包装容器リサイクル法• 分別回収を義務づけられている市町村は，分別回収した上，受託料を支払って日本容器包装リサイクル協会に引き取ってもらう．

• リサイクル業者は委託費用を受けとって引取り，商品化して販売する．

受託料販売収入


fee for accepting plastic wastes

• "The Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association" was paid for accepting plastic wastes.


The Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association

• fiscal of 2018

RPF = Refuse Paper and Plastic Fuel


The Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association

• fiscal of 2007


fate of plastics

プラスチック循環利用協会



fate of collected plastic wastes

Sapporo governmental corporation of environmental concern


plastic wastes

• before fiscal 2008: only 3% of incineration (burnt) wastes and 1.5% of total wastes

• Decrease in incineration wastes might be due to "ZATSU-GAMI".


charge for garbage collection

• Amount of incineration of 700,000 tons in fiscal 2004 will be reduced to 470,000 tons in fiscal 2010 (had been expected to achieve in fiscal 2017).



• disposal of PET bottled recovered in Sapporo


collection: pull-tab/newspaper/paper carton

Q Which is the best considering environmentally? Answer with reason.


collection: pull-tab/newspaper/paper carton

• Pull tab: 1,400,000 pull tabs of aluminum cans (700 kg/JPY140,000,000!) are equivalent to 1 wheel chair (JPY70,000): JPY100 for 1 kg.

• Newspaper: JPY1 for 1 kg.• Paper carton: JPY0 for 1 kg.


Japan Aluminium Can Recycling Association


"recycle" and environmental problems

Q: What is an origin of a word "recycle"?

Q: What is "recycle"? Answer with example(s).

Q: Is "recycle" environmentally benign?


"recycle" and environmental problems

Q: What is an origin of a word "recycle"?recycle: go back to the original state = once changed to another one (cf. reuse: using without change)

Q: What is "recycle"? Answer with example(s).In a strict sense, products are once recovered to the source and then rebuilt; not recycle when another product is obtained.

Q: Is "recycle" environmentally benign?Compare the energy required from the source and recovered resource. If smaller energy is required, recycle should be employed.

"recycle fantasy"


recycle: balance of resource and energy

• If "recycle" is defined to be recover chemicals to the original state, at least one path of process requires energy injection.

• balance of consumption of resource and energy

state 1

state 2

ener

gy

energy release

energy injection


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)<best question><best answer>answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200709-57388301

me20200709-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200709-57388301

Documents

分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200709b_BO_Sapporo.pdf5 format Please send email in Japanese or English within 72 hours to: [email protected] subject: