分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200625b_BO_Sapporo.pdfAdvanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 3 schedule (1) May 7 introduction with introduction

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1

2020/06/25

分子環境学特論I

8


Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 202010:30─12:00, Thursday on ZOOM

Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


schedule

(1) May 7 introduction with introduction(2) May 14 mole and Avogadro constant(3) May 21 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 28 microwave oven/Internet(5) June 4 originality in science/fake(6) June 11 experimental notebook(7) June 18 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) June 25 cell(9) July 2 triple crown(10) July 9 recycle(11) July 16 ecology/green-house effect(12) July 23 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) July 30 recognition/XXXed(14) August 6 presentation of quiz(15) August 13 presentation of quiz

(questionnaire)


the best question and answer

Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.

• Do not vote question(s) of absent student(s) and delayed arrival shown below the horizontal line!

• In case an attendee asks multiple questions (and answers), specify the number following the nickname when voting, e.g., "Einstein (2)". Unassigned vote will be evenly divided into all multiple questions.

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・

・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)

answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200625-57388301

me20200625-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200625-57388301

詩：くどうなおこ・画：ほてはまたかし『版画のはらうたII』童話屋（1996）


single-authored books

Hikarishokubai no Shikumi ga Wakaru HonHikarishokubai Hyojun Kenkyuho (Scientific Methods in Photocatalysis)


chi-square (chi-squared) test: statistics

xi ： observed datummi： expected on certain assumptionk： (n-1) freedom [e.g., "3" for ABO group blood type]

Distribution of χ2 can be calculated for n's.

χ20

α (probability)

( )∑=

−

=n

i i

ii

mmx

1

22χ


chi-square distribution

For the distribution with n > 2, probability ofgetting no deviation is zero = every timethere should be some deviation.

α χ2(3)

0.100 6.25139

0.050 7.81473

0.025 9.34840

0.010 11.34490

0.005 12.83810


professional golfers ranking (men) 2006-2010

• Japanese 1st to 100th golf players on their earnings• excluding those who are clearly foreigners from their name (possible different

blood-type distribution)• Some golfers' blood type has not been disclosed.• Japanese blood type distribution: A 0.387, B 0.222, O 0.292 and AB 0.099.• Generally, the assumption for calculation can be rejected when the probability

(α) is less than 5%.

type 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006A 30 27 30 29 29B 12 13 13 11 12O 24 29 26 24 24

AB 5 5 3 2 1total 71 74 72 66 66

A 0.23 0.09 0.16 0.47 0.47B 0.90 0.72 0.56 0.91 0.48O 0.52 2.53 1.18 1.16 1.16

AB 0.59 0.74 2.39 3.15 4.69sum 2.23 4.08 4.29 5.68 6.80

α χ2(3)

0.100 6.25139

0.050 7.81473

0.025 9.34840

0.010 11.34490

0.005 12.83810 χ2

Sheet1

rank2010m2009m2008m2007m2006m

1fOBOB

2AOOBf

3OAffO

4OBOBA

5AAOOO

6OOffO

7fBfOB

8BBABAf

9OfAAf

10OfOfB

11fBBAf

12ABBOA

13OOAOO

14OBABAA

15BOffA

16BOOOO

17ffAfO

18OABBAO

19fOfAf

20BOffA

21OAOff

22BBOAf

23AfAA?

24AAAOO

25AABOA

26AOOBf

27fOAAA

28ffAAO

29fOfAf

30OfOOO

31BAffO

32ABfAff

33AAAfO

34fAOAA

35fOOOf

36ABABBO

37OfAfA

38ABBAA

39ABOAfB

40fAOBB

41AAAOAB

42OAABfB

43BfOff

44AABAOA

45AfAfA

46AfOBf

47OAffO

48OAfOB

49ffffB

50OOAOO

51fABAAA

52OOOfA

53AOAOf

54OOBAf

55AfBAf

56fOOfA

57BffAO

58AfOBf

59OfABA

60fOBAf

61ABOOABA

62fBfAO

63fAOAA

64fOfff

65AffBA

66AffA?

67ABfBA

68OOAAf

69BAAOA

70AAOfA

71fAAfO

72OAfAf

73ABAfA

74ffAf?

75AOfff

76fAffB

77fBOAB

78ffAOO

79AOfOf

80OOffO

81AAAAA

82AfBfO

83ABfOAO

84AAOOO

85BABAA?

86AffOf

87BABO?B

88?OAO?

89fAfAA

90fOAAA

91OAfAB?

92fOfOf

93AfOfA

94fAffA

95OABf?

96OfOOA

97AfAfO

98BOB?B

99AAfOf

100fBABf

type20102009200820072006

A3027302929

B1213131112

O2429262424

AB55321

total7174726666

A0.230.090.160.470.47

B0.900.720.560.910.48

O0.522.531.181.161.16

AB0.590.742.393.154.69

sum2.234.084.295.686.80

A0.230.090.160.470.47

B+AB1.471.392.193.163.16

O0.522.531.181.161.16

total2.224.023.534.794.79

1450.387

610.222

1270.292

160.099

349

0.73

3.50

6.18

9.96

20.37

Sheet2

Sheet3


blood-type distribution in this class

just do ittype number distribution expected chi square

A 6 0.387 8.127 0.56B 7 0.222 4.662 1.17O 4 0.292 6.132 0.74

AB 4 0.099 2.079 1.78sum 21 1 21 4.25

α χ2(3)

0.100 6.25139

0.050 7.81473

0.025 9.34840

0.010 11.34490

0.005 12.83810

Sheet1

rank2010m2009m2008m2007m2006m

1fOBOB

2AOOBf

3OAffO

4OBOBA

5AAOOO

6OOffO

7fBfOB

8BBABAf

9OfAAf

10OfOfB

11fBBAf

12ABBOA

13OOAOO

14OBABAA

15BOffA

16BOOOO

17ffAfO

18OABBAO

19fOfAf

20BOffA

21OAOff

22BBOAf

23AfAA?

24AAAOO

25AABOA

26AOOBf

27fOAAA

28ffAAO

29fOfAf

30OfOOO

31BAffO

32ABfAff

33AAAfO

34fAOAA

35fOOOf

36ABABBO

37OfAfA

38ABBAA

39ABOAfB

40fAOBB

41AAAOAB

42OAABfB

43BfOff

44AABAOA

45AfAfA

46AfOBf

47OAffO

48OAfOB

49ffffB

50OOAOO

51fABAAA

52OOOfA

53AOAOf

54OOBAf

55AfBAf

56fOOfA

57BffAO

58AfOBf

59OfABA

60fOBAf

61ABOOABA

62fBfAO

63fAOAA

64fOfff

65AffBA

66AffA?

67ABfBA

68OOAAf

69BAAOA

70AAOfA

71fAAfO

72OAfAf

73ABAfA

74ffAf?

75AOfff

76fAffB

77fBOAB

78ffAOO

79AOfOf

80OOffO

81AAAAA

82AfBfO

83ABfOAO

84AAOOO

85BABAA?

86AffOf

87BABO?B

88?OAO?

89fAfAA

90fOAAA

91OAfAB?

92fOfOf

93AfOfA

94fAffA

95OABf?

96OfOOA

97AfAfO

98BOB?B

99AAfOf

100fBABf

A3027302929

B1213131112

O2429262424

AB55321

total7174726666

0.3870.230.090.160.470.47

0.2220.900.720.560.910.48

0.2920.522.531.181.161.16

0.0990.590.742.393.154.69

2.234.084.295.686.80

A0.230.090.160.470.47

B+AB1.471.392.193.163.16

O0.522.531.181.161.16

total2.224.023.534.794.79

145

61

127

16

349

0.73

3.50

6.18

9.96

20.37

Sheet2

typenumberdistributionexpectedchi square

A60.3878.1270.56

B70.2224.6621.17

O40.2926.1320.74

AB40.0992.0791.78

sum211214.25

Sheet3


blood type and character

• ABO• Rh+/-• MN• P• Kell• Lewis

Ｑ

Which is A, B, ABand O type?

A慎重派。我慢強さあり。整理整頓がかなり得意で几帳面細かいところまで気配りできる。完璧主義。考え過ぎて決断力が不足。優柔不断。

O情が深い。親分肌。おおらか。小さいことはあまり気にしないし、過去の失敗にこだわらない。正義感強い。負けず嫌い。親しみやすい。裏表がない。断り下手。気分屋。

AB探究心旺盛。器用。洞察力が鋭い。本音とたてまえを見ぬく。物事にあまり執着しない。駆け引き上手。誰にでも公平に。合理的。能率が良い。二面性アリ。皮肉屋。

B楽天家。行動力あり。社交的。意地っ張り。あまのじゃくの面がある。ひねくれ者。熱しやすく冷めやすい。あきっぽい。忍耐力や安定性にかける。


確率

組み合わせの数

すべて 4P3 = 4 * 3 * 2 = 24•4つ合う 1 0.0416•2つ合う 4C2 = 4 * 3/2 = 6 0.250•1つ合う 4C1 * 2 = 8 0.333•あわない 3 * (2 + 1) = 9 0.375

hit number distribution expected chi square4 5 0.0416 0.7904 22.422 9 0.25 4.75 3.801 4 0.333 6.327 0.860 1 0.375 7.125 5.27

sum 19 0.9996 18.9924 32.34

α χ2(3)

0.100 6.25139

0.050 7.81473 0.025 9.34840 0.010 11.34490 0.005 12.83810

Sheet1

rank2010m2009m2008m2007m2006m

1fOBOB

2AOOBf

3OAffO

4OBOBA

5AAOOO

6OOffO

7fBfOB

8BBABAf

9OfAAf

10OfOfB

11fBBAf

12ABBOA

13OOAOO

14OBABAA

15BOffA

16BOOOO

17ffAfO

18OABBAO

19fOfAf

20BOffA

21OAOff

22BBOAf

23AfAA?

24AAAOO

25AABOA

26AOOBf

27fOAAA

28ffAAO

29fOfAf

30OfOOO

31BAffO

32ABfAff

33AAAfO

34fAOAA

35fOOOf

36ABABBO

37OfAfA

38ABBAA

39ABOAfB

40fAOBB

41AAAOAB

42OAABfB

43BfOff

44AABAOA

45AfAfA

46AfOBf

47OAffO

48OAfOB

49ffffB

50OOAOO

51fABAAA

52OOOfA

53AOAOf

54OOBAf

55AfBAf

56fOOfA

57BffAO

58AfOBf

59OfABA

60fOBAf

61ABOOABA

62fBfAO

63fAOAA

64fOfff

65AffBA

66AffA?

67ABfBA

68OOAAf

69BAAOA

70AAOfA

71fAAfO

72OAfAf

73ABAfA

74ffAf?

75AOfff

76fAffB

77fBOAB

78ffAOO

79AOfOf

80OOffO

81AAAAA

82AfBfO

83ABfOAO

84AAOOO

85BABAA?

86AffOf

87BABO?B

88?OAO?

89fAfAA

90fOAAA

91OAfAB?

92fOfOf

93AfOfA

94fAffA

95OABf?

96OfOOA

97AfAfO

98BOB?B

99AAfOf

100fBABf

A3027302929

B1213131112

O2429262424

AB55321

total7174726666

0.3870.230.090.160.470.47

0.2220.900.720.560.910.48

0.2920.522.531.181.161.16

0.0990.590.742.393.154.69

2.234.084.295.686.80

A0.230.090.160.470.47

B+AB1.471.392.193.163.16

O0.522.531.181.161.16

total2.224.023.534.794.79

145

61

127

16

349

0.73

3.50

6.18

9.96

20.37

Sheet2

hitnumberdistributionexpectedchi square

450.04160.790422.42

290.254.753.80

140.3336.3270.86

010.3757.1255.27

sum190.999618.992432.34

Sheet3


birthday

A November 30A I think "No", because the probability may be below 2%.A Approximately 50% for 23 people.

Probability of n people do not share birthdays = （365/365）（364/365）...｛（365）－n｝ = 365Pn/365n = 365!/｛365n（365－n）!｝

( )!365365!3651

np n −

−=


today's topic = grasping in chemistry

What is cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.



What is cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.What kind of cell do you imagine?


fuel cell (nenryo denchi)

Q What is fuel cell? Interpret the chemistry of fuel cells.


fuel cell

fuel cell: producing electricity from fuel


mechanism of fuel cell

chemical to electric energy conversion: H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O

electron

current

inve

rter

H2

AC o

utpu

tair (O2)

anode cathodeelectrolyte

fuel cell


merit of fuel cell

QCan we reduce emission of carbon dioxide by using fuel cells?


mechanism of fuel cell

chemical to electric energy conversion: H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O

electron

current

inve

rter

H2

AC o

utpu

tair (O2)


mod

ifier

H2

fuel

gasolinenatural gasmethanolethanol fuel cell


fuel for fuel cells

negligible hydrogen (H2) in airH2 is produced in industry, but discarded due to relatively high

cost of storage and transportation.produced via modification with water

CxH4y + 2x H2O → 2(x+y)H2 + xCO2

examples of a modifier for fuel cell cars


a fuel cell with a modifier

chemical reaction of modification of fossil fuels and in a fuel cell

Q What is the stoichiometry of combustion of fuel (CxH4y) in engines?

CxH4y + 2x H2O → 2(x+y)H2 + xCO22(x+y)H2 + (x+y)O2 → 2(x+y)H2O

CxH4y + (x+y)O2 → 2y H2O + xCO2




same as combustion in engines

same chemistry/different efficiencyemission of NOx can be avoided by fuel cells




energy conversion

gasoline-engine cargasoline (chemical) → (heat) → (mechanical)

engine engine

fuel-cell car with a modifiergasoline (chemical) → hydrogen (chemical)

modifier

→ (electric) → (mechanical)fuel cell motor

higher efficiency if energy can be storedenergy conversion efficiency < 100%spontaneous reaction: use of catalyst


Gibbs energy and activation energy

spontaneous if Gibbs energy is negative (∆G < 0)

accelerated by CATALYSTwith reduced activation energy (Ea)

Pote

ntia

l

CxH2yOz

Ea

yH2O + xCO2

E'a∆G


catalysts in fuel cell

modifier: catalyst for modificationelectrodes: reaction of hydrogen and oxygen

electron

current

inve

rter

H2

AC o

utpu

tair (O2)


mod

ifier

H2

fuel

gasolinenatural gasmethanolethanol fuel cell




same as combustion in engines

same CO2 emission/different efficiencyemission of NOx can be avoided by fuel cells




fuel for fuel cells

negligible hydrogen (H2) in airH2 is produced in industry, but discarded due to relatively high cost of

storage and transportation.produced via modification with water

CxH4y + 2x H2O → 2(x+y)H2 + xCO2

production of hydrogen from water by solar light

H2O → H2 + 1/2 O2direct photolysis/photocatalysis/electrolysis with solar cells


hydrogen production by solar cells

CIGS (copper-indium-gallium-selenium) photocell

Hondahttp://www.honda.co.jp/news/2003/c031002.html


energy conversion


engine engine


modifier


fuel-cell car with hydrogen from solar-cell electrolysissolar light (photo) → (electric) → hydrogen (chemical)

solar cell electrolysis cell

→ (electric) → (mechanical)fuel cell mortorQ Accomplish this scheme.


energy conversion


engine engine


modifier




→ (electric) → (mechanical)fuel cell mortor


energy conversion


engine engine


modifier




→ (electric) → (mechanical)fuel cell mortor

electric car charged by solar cellsolar light (photo) → (electric) → (mechanical)

solar cell + battery motor


electric car with lithium-ion battery

Mitsubishi's electric car "iMiEV"


lithium-ion battery


silicon solar cell

solar energy is stored by silicon solid-state cell: crystal, amorphous and thin-film silicon are used.


dye-sensitized solar cell

Solar energy is stored by wet-type cells.

dye-sensitized solar cells


solar energy

hydroelectric power = originally solar energy


solar energy

wind electricity = originally solar energy

"windmill"


energy conversion in various cells

• primary cell: [chemical] → (electrical)

• secondary cell (rechargeable battery): lead battery/lithium-ion battery(electrical) → [chemical] → (electrical)

• solar cell: silicon solar cell(photo) → (electrical)

• dye-sensitized solar cell(photo) → (chemical) → (electrical)

• fuel cell(chemical) → (electrical)



What is cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.What kind of cells do you imagine?

(1) storing electrical energy as chemicals and converting them into electrical energy

(2) converting certain energy into electrical energy

Find the hidden concept(s) !


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・

・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)

answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200625-57388301

me20200625-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200625-57388301

2020/06/25Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I schedulethe best question and answerformatemail exampleスライド番号 7single-authored bookschi-square (chi-squared) test: statisticschi-square distributionprofessional golfers ranking (men) 2006-2010blood-type distribution in this classblood type and character確率birthdaytoday's topic = grasping in chemistrytoday's topic = grasping in chemistryfuel cell (nenryo denchi)fuel cellmechanism of fuel cellmerit of fuel cellmechanism of fuel cellfuel for fuel cellsa fuel cell with a modifiera fuel cell with a modifierenergy conversionGibbs energy and activation energycatalysts in fuel cella fuel cell with a modifierfuel for fuel cellshydrogen production by solar cellsenergy conversionenergy conversionenergy conversionelectric car with lithium-ion batterylithium-ion batterysilicon solar celldye-sensitized solar cellsolar energysolar energyenergy conversion in various cellstoday's topic = grasping in chemistryformatemail example

Documents

分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200625b_BO_Sapporo.pdfAdvanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 3 schedule (1) May 7 introduction with introduction