Ch. 3 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types Objectives Recognize subjects and predicates. Convert fragments

Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 3 - 2

Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types

Objectives• Recognize subjects and predicates.• Convert fragments into complete

sentences.• Recognize basic sentence faults

such as comma splices and run-on sentences.


• Complete sentences in three basic patterns.

• Punctuate statements, commands, questions, and exclamations.

Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types


What is a sentence?

A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought.


Sentence Elements

• A sentence is composed of two essential elements:• 1. A subject• 2. A predicate


Sentence Elements

Subject• What is being talked about

Predicate• What the subject is• What the subject is doing• What is being done to the subject


Subject Elements

A DataTech manager has been calling you.

What is being talked about?


Subject Elements


\________________/

complete subject


Subject Elements


What is the subject doing?


Subject Elements

A DataTech manager has been calling you. \

_________________/ complete predicate


Subject Elements

A DataTech manager has been calling you.What is the simple subject?


Subject Elements


\______/ simple subject


Subject Elements

A DataTech manager has been calling you.What is the simple predicate?


Subject Elements


\_____________/ simple predicate


Subject Elements

• Most frequently used helping verbs:

am is are was were been have has had must can will do did does ought mightcould would should


Subject Elements

• To be a sentence, a group of words must make sense.

A set of guidelines was developed. \______________/ \___________/

complete subject complete predicate


Subject Elements


Being used to order computer supplies


Subject Elements


Being used to order computer supplies

Fragment. Does not make sense.


Select the complete subject.

My company office is installing new equipment.

Check your skill . . .






Select the complete predicate.








Select the simple subject.








Select the simple predicate.









Our competitor hired one of our best designers.
































Skilled with computers, Jan was hired today.















Sentence Faults

Three Types

• Fragment

• Comma Splice

• Run-on Sentence


Sentence Faults

A fragment is only part of a sentence and should not be punctuated as if it were complete.

Which will be answered when we discuss the next chapter

A student who won honors at graduation


Sentence Faults

A comma splice results when two complete sentences are incorrectly joined with a comma.

Mr. Hudson will take his vacation in June, Miss James will vacation in July.


Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults


Mr. Hudson will take his vacation in June. Miss James will vacation in July.


Sentence Faults

A run-on sentence (or fused sentence) results when two complete thoughts are run together without punctuation.

We hope to continue doing business with you call us if you have further questions.


Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults




Sentence Faults


We hope to continue doing business with you. call us if you have further questions.


Sentence Faults


We hope to continue doing business with you. Call us if you have further questions.


Select the sentence fault.

1. Unless I hear from you to the contrary.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




1. Unless I hear from you to the contrary.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




2. No stock market prices were available, the market was closed for the holiday.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




2. No stock market prices were available, the market was closed for the holiday.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




3. Which you said you would finish in the near future.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




3. Which you said you would finish in the near future.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




4. Some employees will work Sunday other employees will come in early Monday.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence




4. Some employees will work Sunday other employees will come in early Monday.a. Fragmentb. Comma Splicec. Run-on Sentence



Sentence Patterns

Three Types

• Subject-Verb

• Subject-Action Verb-Object

• Subject-Linking Verb-Complement


Pattern No. 1

Subject VerbHe drove.

Somebody was yelling.

All the people might be voting.

Sentence Patterns


Pattern No. 2a

Subject Action Verb ObjectHe drove cars.

Somebody carried the message.

All the people marked their ballots.

Sentence Patterns


Pattern No. 2b

Action Indirect Direct Subject Verb Object Object

Janell brought him the forms.The dealer offered Bob a good price.

Sentence Patterns


Pattern No. 3

Subject Linking Verb Complement

The manager is Ms. Andrews.

The caller may have been he.

Their files are neat.

Sentence Patterns


A sentence is said to be inverted when its verb precedes its subject.

Inverted Order:

Winning easily was the varsity team.

Normal Order:The varsity team was winning easily.

Sentence Patterns


Normalize the verb-subject order of this sentence.

Leading the charity drive is Renee Cornell.



Normalize the verb-subject order of this sentence.

Leading the charity drive is Renee Cornell.

Renee Cornell is leading the charity drive.



Revise this sentence to attain normal subject-verb order.

Have you read your e-mail?



Revise this sentence to attain normal subject-verb order.

Have you read your e-mail?

You have read your e-mail?



Arrange the words of this sentence in normal subject-verb order.

Here are the materials.



Arrange the words of this sentence in normal subject-verb order.

Here are the materials.

The materials are here.



Sentence Types

Four Types

• Statement

• Question

• Command

• Exclamation


Sentence Types

StatementJanice designed the brochures.

QuestionWill Michael distribute them?

CommandTell me where to send them.

ExclamationWhat a handsome brochure it is!


Classify the sentence type.

1. One of my friends is preparing for a job interview.

a. Statementb. Questionc. Commandd. Fragmente. Exclamation




1. One of my friends is preparing for a job interview.





2. During the interview if you are honest,enthusiastic, polite, and positive.





2. During the interview if you are honest,enthusiastic, polite, and positive.





3. Why do you think you should work for us?





3. Why do you think you should work for us?





4. What an adventure that interview was!





4. What an adventure that interview was!





5. Prepare carefully by practicing questions and answers.





5. Prepare carefully by practicing questions and answers.




1. What is the simple subject in the following sentence?

Three job candidates sent their résumés.

a. Three

b. job

c. candidates

d. résumés

Chapter 3 - Quiz



Three job candidates sent their résumés.

a. Three

b. job

c. candidates

d. résumés

Chapter 3 - Quiz



There are two open positions.

a. There

b. are

c. twod. positions

Chapter 3 - Quiz



There are two open positions.

a. There

b. are

c. twod. positions

Chapter 3 - Quiz


3. How would you label the following group of words?

Because she was hired

a. Complete sentence

b. Complement

c. Fragmentd. Complete predicate

Chapter 3 - Quiz


3. How would you label the following group of words?

Because she was hired

a. Complete sentence

b. Complement

c. Fragmentd. Complete predicate

Chapter 3 - Quiz


4. What is the subject in the following sentence?

Proofread your résumé carefully.

a. Proofread

b. You (understood)

c. résuméd. your

Chapter 3 - Quiz


4. What is the subject in the following sentence?

Proofread your résumé carefully.

a. Proofread

b. You (understood)

c. résuméd. your

Chapter 3 - Quiz


5. What is the principal verb in the following sentence?

She should have been listening.

a. should

b. have

c. beend. listening

Chapter 3 - Quiz


5. What is the principal verb in the following sentence?

She should have been listening.

a. should

b. have

c. beend. listening

Chapter 3 - Quiz


6. Classify the group of words shown below.

Although the computer was delivered a week ago and the printer installed yesterday.

a. Correctly punctuated sentence

b. Fragment

c. Comma spliced. Run-on sentence

Chapter 3 - Quiz



Although the computer was delivered a week ago and the printer installed yesterday.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Five candidates filled out applications for the position, two will be selected for interviews.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Five candidates filled out applications for the position, two will be selected for interviews.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Some candidates ask only about job benefits others are more interested in responsibilities and advancement.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Some candidates ask only about job benefits others are more interested in responsibilities and advancement.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



When the human resources director completes interviewing next Wednesday, she will announce the names of the new employees.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



When the human resources director completes interviewing next Wednesday, she will announce the names of the new employees.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Prospective employers don’t want your entire job history, they want to see only essential points that qualify you for a job.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz



Prospective employers don’t want your entire job history, they want to see only essential points that qualify you for a job.


b. Fragment


Chapter 3 - Quiz


ENDEND

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Ch. 3 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Sentence Elements, Patterns, and Types Objectives Recognize subjects and predicates. Convert fragments