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Ch. 1, Sec. 1 (Prehistory1500

Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

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Page 1: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

Ch.  1,  Sec.  1  (Prehistory-­‐1500  

Page 2: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  1.    Students  will  understand  how  people  may  have  first  reached  the  Americas  

¡  2.    Students  will  find  out  how  people  learned  to  farm  

¡  3.    Students  will  explore  the  civilizations  of  the  Mayas,  Aztecs  and  Incas.  

Page 3: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  The  First  Americans  §  The  Land-­‐Bridge  Theory  §  Other  Theories  §  Learning  to  Farm  

¡  Three  Civilizations  § Mayas    §  Aztecs  §  Incas  

 

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¡  Glacier  –  thick  sheets  of  ice  ¡  Irrigate  –  a  method  to  water  crops  by  channeling  water  from  rivers  or  streams  

¡  Surplus  –  extra    ¡  Civilization  –  an  advanced  culture  in  which  people  have  developed  cities,  science,  and  industries  

Page 5: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  Between  10,000  and  100,000  years  ago,  much  of  the  world  was  covered  by  glaciers  

¡  As  more  water  froze,  the  water  level  in  the  oceans  dropped  

¡  Areas  where  shallow  water  had  been  turned  into  dry  land  

¡  One  of  these  such  areas  stretched  between  Siberia  and  Alaska  

¡  A  bridge  of  land,  many  miles  wide  appeared,  now  it  lies  under  a  narrow  waterway  called  the  Bering  Strait  

 

Page 6: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  The  Land-­‐Bridge  may  have  appeared  and  disappeared  several  times  

¡  Scientists  believe  that  the  first  people  came  to  the  Americans  20  to  30,000  years  ago  

¡  They  also  believe  that  they  were  probably  hunters,  searching  for  large  mammals  such  as  the  wooly  mammoth  

¡  Hunting  bands  slowly  spread  across  North  and  South  America  

Page 7: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

The  Land-­‐Bridge  Theory  (Video)  

Page 8: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  Not  everyone  accepts  the  Land-­‐Bridge  theory  as  truth,  some  believe  that  people  may  have  first  crossed  the  arctic  waters  by  boat  and  traveled  southward  along  the  Pacific  Coast  §  Known  as  the  coastal  route  theory  

¡ Many  Native  Americans  also  dispute  both  theories,  having  their  own  creation  stories  which  differ  among  each  tribe  

Page 9: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  For  most  of  early  civilizations,  hunting  was  the  primary  means  of  survival.  

¡  Game  animals  provided  food,  furs  for  clothing,  and  bones  for  tools  

¡  In  time,  after  much  hunting,  many  larger  animals  began  to  disappear  

¡  Deprived  of  their  primary  food  source,  hunters  had  to  change  their  patterns  

   

Page 10: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  In  many  place,  hunters  became  gatherers,  moving  from  place  to  place  looking  for  small  game  &  plants  

¡  Around  8,000  years  ago,  gatherers  in  Mexico  began  growing  food  plants,  including  squash  and  lima  beans.  

¡  The  discovery  of  farming  transformed  life  and  led  to  the  development  of  modern  civilizations  

Page 11: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  No  longer  did  families  have  to  wander  in  search  of  food  

¡  In  dry  regions,  farmers  began  to  develop  systems  of  irrigation.  

¡  They  also  learned  how  to  raise  animals  such  as  cattle,  pigs  and  llamas  

¡ With  a  more  dependable  food  supply,  the  population  grew  much  more  rapidly  

¡  Native  Americans  began  producing  a  surplus  and  trading  with  other  groups  

Page 12: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  No  longer  did  families  have  to  wander  in  search  of  food  

¡  In  dry  regions,  farmers  began  to  develop  systems  of  irrigation.  

¡  They  also  learned  how  to  raise  animals  such  as  cattle,  pigs  and  llamas  

¡ With  a  more  dependable  food  supply,  the  population  grew  much  more  rapidly  

¡  Native  Americans  began  producing  a  surplus  and  trading  with  other  groups  

Page 13: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

How  do  scientists  think  people  first  reached  the  Americas?  

 ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________    

Page 14: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

How  do  scientists  think  people  first  reached  the  Americas?  

   Most  scientists  believe  that  the  first  people  arrived  by  land.  

Page 15: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  The  development  of  farming  led  to  the  development  of  cities  

¡  The  development  of  cities  led  to  the  beginning  of  civilizations  

¡  Over  the  centuries,  several  significant  civilizations  rose  and  declined  in  the  Americas.  

¡  The  largest  3  were  the  Mayas,  Aztecs,  and  the  Incas  

Page 16: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  The  Mayas  existed  in  what  is  now  Mexico  and  Central  America  

¡  They  built  splendid  cities  containing  large  public  plazas  lined  with  pyramids,  temples,  ball  courts,  and  palaces.  

¡  They  also  developed  arts,  a  system  of  government,  and  a  written  language.  

¡  Their  observation  of  the  stars  led  to  the  most  accurate  calendar  available,  until  modern  times  

Page 17: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  They  carved  the  stories  of  their  Gods  and  their  histories  into  the  stones  of  their  buildings  

¡  Around  900  A.D.,  they  began  to  abandon  their  cities  

¡ Why  this  happened  remains  a  mystery.    Most  agree  that  it  was  either  disease  or  over-­‐population  

¡  The  Mayan  language  is  the  root  of  over  20  civilizations  in  Central  America  today.  

Page 18: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM
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¡  As  the  Mayan  civilization  declined,  another  was  on  the  rise  

¡  The  Aztecs  built  a  great  capital  city,  Tenochtitlan,  on  the  site  of  present-­‐day  Mexico  City  

¡  It  was  built  on  a  series  of  small  islands  in  the  middle  of  a  large  lake  

¡  The  city  was  connected  to  the  mainland  by  stone  roadways  

¡  Many  farmers  raised  crops  on  floating  platforms  ¡  More  than  200,000  people  resided  here  during  the  height  of  the  Aztecs,  making  it  the  largest  city  in  the  world  at  that  time  

Page 22: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM
Page 23: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  The  center  of  the  city  was  a  sacred  place  with  dozens  of  temples  that  honored  Aztec  gods  

¡  Religion  dominated  Aztec  life  ¡  To  the  Aztec’s,  prosperity  depended  on  the  good  will  of  the  Gods  

¡  They,  like  a  number  of  other  civilizations,  practiced  human  sacrifice  as  an  offering  to  their  Gods.  

Page 24: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  During  the  1400’s,  Aztec  armies  brought  half  of  modern-­‐day  Mexico  under  their  control  

¡  They  had  effective,  but  harsh  rulers  ¡  Conquered  tribes  were  forced  to  send  treasure,  food,  and  prisoners  to  the  Aztec  capital.  

¡  They  also  forced  these  conquered  people  to  pay  extremely  high  taxes  

¡  Resentful  subjects  would  eventually  turn  on  the  Aztecs  when  they  needed  allies  

Page 25: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  In  the  1400’s,  the  largest  empire  was  in  South  America  

¡  The  Incan  Empire  stretched  down  the  coast  of  South  America  along  the  Andes  mountains,  across  the  Atacama  desert,  and  reached  the  fringes  of  the  Amazon  rain  forest  

Page 26: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM
Page 27: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  At  the  center  of  the  Incan  empire  was  Cuzco,  their  capital  

¡  It  was  linked  to  other  cities  by  a  great  series  and  system  of  roads  

¡  They  constructed  buildings  of  huge  stones,  carefully  shaped  to  fit  together.  

¡  They  built  walls  solid  enough  to  contain  soil,  canals  to  carry  water,  and  bridges  over  deep  canyons.  

¡  They  produced  fine  weavings  and  metalwork  ¡  They  wore  jewelry  made  from  gold  and  silver  

Page 28: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

Where  were  the  Aztec  and  Inca  civilizations  located?  

 _______________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________  ________________________________________    

Page 29: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

Where  were  the  Aztec  and  Inca  civilizations  located?  

 The  Aztec  civilization  was  in  Central  America  and  the  Inca  civilization  was  in  South  America.  

 

Page 30: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

¡  1)    Name  one  skill  that  people  had  to  learn  in  order  to  grow  crops  

¡  2)    What  benefits  could  farmers  get  from  learning  to  raise  animals?  

¡  3)    What  is  a  civilization?  ¡  4)    How  did  the  Mayas  and  Aztecs  fit  the  definition  of  a  civilization?  

Page 31: Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition)...Ch1Sec1 - The Earliest Americans(Teacher Edition).pptx Author Francis, Jessica Created Date 1/16/2015 5:38:18 PM

1.      ________________________________________    ________________________________________  

2.  ________________________________________    ________________________________________  

3.  ________________________________________    ________________________________________  

4.  ________________________________________    ________________________________________