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CHAITYA , VIHARA & STUPA

CHAITYA , VIHARA ,STUPA

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Page 1: CHAITYA ,   VIHARA  ,STUPA

CHAITYA , VIHARA &

STUPA

Page 2: CHAITYA ,   VIHARA  ,STUPA

INTRODUCTION

• BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE IS MAINLY CONSIST OF CHAITYAS, VIHARAS, STUPAS & STAMBHAS.

• MAJOR PART OF BUDDHIST ARCHITETURE IS STUPA

• LORD BUDDHA,(563 B.C 488 B.C) DIDN’T BELIVE IN IDOL WORSHIP

• THEIR DECIPLINES NEEDED SOMETHING TO WORSHIP OR PRAISE.SO AFTER HIS DEATH HIS MORTAL REMAINS LIKE TOOTH, HAIR, NAIL, ETC. WERE SENT IN SOME EIGHT CITIES & THEY WERE PRESERVED BY BURYING THEM UNDER THE HEAP OF MUD OR BRICK WHICH WERE CALLED AS “ STUPA ”

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CHAITYA

THE PRAYER HALL OR BUDDHIST TEMPLE & USUALLY REFFERED TO AS THE CHAITYA HALL

CHAITYAS ARE THE HALLS ENCLOSING THE STUPAS.

A CHAITYA-GRIHA BUDDHIST CAVE (STUPA HALL) IS A MEETING OR ASSEMBLY CHAMBER OFTEN USED FOR PURPOSES SIMILAR TO A STUPA.

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ARCHITECTURALLY THEY SHOW SIMILARITIES TO ROMAN DESIGN CONCEPTS OF COLUMN AND ARCH.

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A LARGE HORSESHOE-SHAPED WINDOW, THE CHAITYA-WINDOW, WAS SET ABOVE THE ARCHED DOORWAY.

THE WHOLE PORTICO-AREA WAS CARVED TO IMITATE A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING WITH BALCONIES AND WINDOWS.

THE COLUMNS SLOPED INWARDS IN THE IMITATION OF WOODEN COLUMNS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN STRUCTURALLY NECESSARY TO KEEP A ROOF UP. HORSESHOE-

SHAPED WINDOW

Page 6: CHAITYA ,   VIHARA  ,STUPA

VIHARA

•AN ARRANGEMENS OF THE APPARTMENTS FOR THE ACCOMODATION OF THE MONKS ARE KNOWN AS VIHARAS.

• SQUARE CENTRAL HALL ENTERED BY A DOORWAY, IN FRONT OF WHICH WAS A VERANDAH OR PORTICO.

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STUPA

• STUPA IS MOUND OF THE EARTH ENCLOSING A RELIC CAN BE COMPARED WITH THE MASSIVE FORM OF THE

GREAT PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT

• THEY ALSO CALLED AS THUPPA IN PALI, DAGABA IN SIMBALI, TOPE IN ENGLISH & DHATUGRABH IN SANSKRIT. (DHATUGRABH=RELICS PRESERVED IN VESSEL)

• CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES

1. SARIKA STUPA2. PARIBHOJIKA STUPA3. UDDESHIKA STUPA

• THE STUPA WAS PART OF A COMPLEX OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS.

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AMARAVATI STUPA

KNOWN AS MAHA CHAITYA STUPA

LOCATION : AMARAVATI, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

STYLE : SATAVAHANA DYNASTY

CREATION TIME : 2ND CENTURY B.CE

DISCOVERED BY : A BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGIST, COLONEL COLIN MACKENZIE IN 1797.

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• AMARAVATI IS FAMED FOR ITS GREAT STUPA LARGER THAN THE ONE AT SANCHI.

• LOCALLY CALLED, THE ‘MAHASTUPA’ AND IS ALSO KNOWN AS 'MOUND OF LAMPS‘

• THE PERFECT PROPORTIONS OF THE BUDDHA’S BODY CORRESPONDS TO THE DESIGN OF RELIGIOUS MONUMENTS. • THESE DOME SHAPE REGARDED AS HOLY PLACES.

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•THE STUPA IS 95 FT. HIGH.

  • IT WAS A BRICK BUILT CIRCULAR ‘VEDICA’ AND PLATFORMS PROJECTING IN FOUR CARDINAL DIRECTIONS.

• IT IS 6 FT. HIGH AND IS MADE OF MARBLE.

• CARVED RAILINGS SEEM TO HAVE BEEN ERECTED AROUND A BRICK-CORED CHAITYA OR TEMPLE.

• THE DOME HAS A DRUM WHICH IS 192 FEET DIA. WITH AN OUTER RAILING.  

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STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF STUPA

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PLAN HARMIKA

ANDA

MEDHI

UPPER PRADAKSHINA PATH

LOWER PRADAKSHINA PATH

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• THE ENTRANCE OF AMRAVATI STUPA IS DIRECT AS COMPARED TO SACHI AS SHOWN IN FIGURE

• THERE WERE NO TORANS IN AMRAVATI STUPA

• THE LOWER PRADIKSHNA PATH IS 11 FEET 3 INCH WIDE & PAVED WITH THE SLAB OF GREY LIMESTONE

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• STAMBHAS ARE DECORATED BY THE FIGURES OF LIONS

• RAILING AT ENTRANCE ARE OF 25 FEET WIDE

• IN THE RAILING OF THE UPPER PRADAKSHINA PATH THE BALUSTERS WERE DECORATED WITH THE MARBLE PANALS

BALUSTERS

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•A SQUARE SHAPE HARMIKA ENCLOSING THE CHHATRAVALLI / UMBRELLA IS DIFFERENT FROM THE SACHI STUPA

•THIS STUPA DOES NOT EXIST ANYMORE BUT SOME OF THE RELICS ARE KEPT AT VARIOUS MUSEUME IN INDIA & BRITAIN.

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•MAD ELEPHANT CHARGING BUDDHA ON LEFT, BOWING DOWN TO BUDDHA ON RIGHT.

•LIMESTONE PANEL DEPICTING THE ‘BUDDHAPADA’

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DETAIL FROM THE PILLER FACE

•THE INSCRIPTION ON THE PILLAR IS WRITTEN IN THE ‘PRAKRIT’ LANGUAGE USING THE BRAHMI SCRIPT.