Chapter 1 JM

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER & SOCIETYCHAPTER 1

Preparedby:sitikhalijah

OBJECTIVE To understand the development of engineering. To study ethics perception and organisation


INTRODUCTION

Engineering has evolved and developed as practical art and a profession over more than 50 centuries. Historical studies of engineering teach us respect for the past and its achievement.


INTRODUCTION The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

Development of Engineering in Society


ENGINEERING

The Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET) defines engineering asthe profession in which a knowledge of themathematical and natural sciences gained bystudy, experience, and practice is applied withjudgment to develop ways to utilize,economically, the materials and forces ofnature for the benefit of mankind.


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS Inventions and innovations had existed in the early years consist of:

Mesopotamia Egyptian Greek Romans


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS Contributions of the Mesopotamians

Wheeled cart first appear at the land of Tigris and Euphrates River


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS

Canals, temples and city wall Sumerian people


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS Astrolabe an angle measuring device was being used for astronomical observation

The Ziggurat terraced pyramid of brick



Code of Hammurabi important message dealing with quality assurance and professional responsibility


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS Irrigation and flood control works Canals Public water supply



Contributions of the Egyptian Beginning at 200- BC Surveying using rope Irrigation system dykes, canals and drainage system



Pyramids by Imhotep as a burial place


ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS Contributions of the Greek

Beginning at 600 BC Advance in art, literature and philosophy

Harbor builders great breakwater or mole that protect the harbor at Samos



The Pharos of Alexandria first lighthouse Tunnel 3300 long foot tunnel



Design Athens as most beautiful city building temple, shrines, statue



Contributions of the Romans Beginning at 450 BC Hydraulic cement

Construction machine pile drivers, treadmill hoist, wooden bucket wheels



The Appian Way road network



Aqua Appia the first aqueduct built at Rome



The Pantheon temple of all gods of Ancient Rome



The Alcantara Bridge Romans stone arch bridge



The Colosseum - an elliptical amphitheatre and the largest by Roman empire


ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE AGES

From 500 BC to 1500 BC Gothic cathedrals the lightest, most daring skeleton stone construction



Castle to protect properties



Labor saving devices windmill, water mills, water wheels China gunpowder, development of making paper processes, iron



Engineer title - Thus the person who created or designed engines of war -- battering rams, catapults, assault towers, and the like -- came to be known as the "ingeniator" or "engine-er".



Contributions of the Islamic civilization Measurement of distance and size of planet Time and calendar determination Algebra and trigonometry


ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE From 1300 1750 AD

Advancement in transportation and communication


ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Canal building invention of canal lock, introduce by Italian architect-engineer Networks of canal-constructed throughout Europe


ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Ocean transport navigation and shipbuilding, docks and harbors Johann Gutenberg movable type mold for printing was invented in 1450


ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Contribution of scientist

Leonardo da Vinci artist, architect and experimental scientist Nicolaus Copernicus founded modern astronomy that the earth is moving planet Galileo telescope and law of falling bodies Robert Boyle compression and expansion of air and other gases


ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Contribution of scientist

Robert Hooke theoryof elasticity known as Hooke Law Sir Isaac Newton invented calculus, secret of light and colour, law of universal gravitation Thomas Newcomen steam engines


ADVANCEMENT IN ENGINEERING

From 1750 1900 AD James Watt produced a working model of a vastly improved steam engine


ADVANCEMENT IN ENGINEERING Matthew Boulton and James Watt built engines and have been used for pumping out mines and driving the machinery in iron works and textile mills Charcoal had been used in mis-1700s



Shortage of wood for making charcoal-development of steam-driven mine pumps Extensive network of canals at England Progress in transportation railroad system



Advance in technology of road building John Macadam developed a method of road construction by compacting layers of broken stones



Thomas Telford advocated building roads by using large flat stones set on edge and wedged together to form a solid base that was surfaced with broken stone and gravel


ADVANCEMENT IN ENGINEERING Development of electricity source of power

First electric battery by Alessandra Volta Sir Humphrey Davy discovered electromagnetism and arch light Michael Faraday demonstrated process of magnetic induction Thomas A. Edison invented incandescent bulb



Communication by telegraph by Samuel F.B. Morse



Engineering Profession John Smeaton of Great Britain, the first use title Civil Engineer 1818 Institution of Civil Engineers 1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineer 1908 engineering societies in America was establish for civil, electrical, chemical and mining


ENGINEERING IN TWENTIETH CENTURY

Air transportation - In 1903, Wibur and Orville Wright flew their airplane on a journey that lasted 12 seconds and covered a distance of 120 feet



Motor vehicles - Henry Ford contributed greatly to the development and popularity of automobiles by introducing modern mass production and affordable vehicle costs



Treatment of water and sewage rapid sand filter, large-scale of sludge settling, uses of liquid chlorine Construction project Empire State Building, The George Washington Bridge, The Sears Tower



Water resources Hoover Dam, pioneering concrete dam



Nuclear power 1967 the first nuclear power generating station operated Electronic field invention of transistor in 1947 replaced semiconductor devices have in large measure replaced vacuum tubes as amplifying devices for electronic signals


MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT

1980 Manufacturing (world largest semiconductor manufacturer) 1983 PROTON (first national car)



1985 Penang Bridge



1993 Sunway Lagoon Suspension Bridge 1991 KL Tower



1995 - Putrajaya



1998 KLIA



1998 Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil



1999 - Sepang International Circuit



1999 Petronas Twin Tower 1999 PUTRA LRT 2001 MyCard



2006 Iskandar Malaysia



2003 Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu



Completed 2007 ZEO Building



2008- Crystal Mosque



2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (Iron Mosque)



2012- Malaysia Lego Land


2012- Sabah Convention Centre


Ethic's Perception and Organisation


ETHICS Ethic is the study of the morality of human actions.It is the science of determining values in humanconduct and of deciding what ought to be done indifferent circumstances and situations. Major areas of study in ethics include:

Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values may be determined; Normative ethics, about the practical means of determining a moral course of action; Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations; eg. Engineering Ethics (futher discussion on Chapter 3)


INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR Engineers rarely work as lone individuals; wegenerally work in teams. Therefore, we need a set of interaction rulesoutlining the expected sets of behavior between theengineer, other individuals, and society as a whole. Interaction rules can be classified as etiquette, law,morals, and ethics


INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR Etiquette

rules of acceptable personal behavior and courtesywhen interacting with others in a social setting. Addresses such issues as how many forks to place onthe dinner table, proper dress at weddings, seatingarrangements, and invitations to parties. In engineering, proper etiquette is manifested byshowing proper respect to employers and clients, notembarrassing colleagues, answering the phone in aprofessional manner, and so forth.


INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR Laws

a system of rules and punishments clearly defined andestablished by a society to maintain a safe and orderlysocial environment. violations of law carry penalties such asimprisonment, fines, community service, death,dismemberment, or banishment. Each society has itsown consequences for law violations. Example of law in engineering : Registration ofEngineers Act 1967 of Malaysia stipulates that allengineers including graduate engineers shall registerwith BEM to take up an employment as a GraduateEngineer.


INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR Morals

personal rules of right and wrong behavior derivedfrom a persons upbringing, religious beliefs, andsocietal influences. Moral are derive from our parents, religiousbackground, friends, and the media.


INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR Ethics

a code or system of rules defining moral behavior fora particular society. Most professional societies have a formal code ofethics to guide their members. Code of ethics for engineer by BEM


MALAYSIA ENGINEERING SOCIETY/ ASSOCIATIONS An engineering society is a professionalorganizations for engineers of various disciplines. For Civil engineer

Board of Engineers Malaysia The Institution of Engineers Malaysia Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia Malaysian Society for Engineering and Technology Road Engineering Association of Malaysia


BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA (BEM) Is a statutory body constituted under theRegistration of Engineers Act 1967. It was formed in 23rd August 1972. Its primary role is to facilitate the registration ofengineers and regulate the professional conductand practice of registered engineers in order tosafeguard the safety and interest of the public.


BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA (BEM) Function of BEM are :

Maintain the Register Process Applications for Registration Assessment of Academic Qualifications Regulate the Conduct and Ethics of the EngineeringProfession Disputes on Professional Conduct and Ethics Fix the Scale of Fees Stakeholder Publication Promotion of Continued Learning and Education


BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA (BEM) Requirements for Graduate Engineer

An engineering degree accredited/recognized by EAC,BEM available in an approved list maintained by EAC,BEM. For degree which is not recognised (e.g. 3 yearsprogramme) need to be top up with a master degreeby instruction from accredited university.

Registration fee of RM50.00 is compulsory for eachand every candidate who wish to apply.


THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA

Established in 1959 Primary function is to promote and advance the science and profession of engineering in any or all of its disciplines and to facilitate the exchange of information and ideas related to engineering.


THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA

Services Professional Interviews Educational and Social Activities Engineer's Week IEM Engineering Career Advisors Publications Library Affinity Programmes


THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA Membership

Students shall be a person who is not less than 17 years of age pursuing a course leading to the award of an engineeringdegree or diploma or equivalent Candidate enrolled for Part I or Part II of the IEM /BEMGraduate Examination or Examination of an overseasprofessional institution recognized by the Council

Associate Affiliate Incorporated Graduate Member Fellow


ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS MALAYSIA

Aims and objective promoting the advancement of the profession ofconsulting engineering to ensure that Consulting Engineers undertaking toadvise on engineering matters shall be fully qualifiedengineers in their respective fields and should act inall professional matters in a strictly fiduciary capacityto their clients


MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

To provide a powerful platform for its members tonetwork and enhance their professionalism andethical conduct, while nurturing them into leadingprofessionals and captains of the industry.


ROAD ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION OF MALAYSIA

National organization which represents the road engineering fraternity in the country. Membership

Honorary Membership Ordinary Membership Institutional Membership Affiliate Membership Associate Membership Life Membership Student Membership

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Chapter 1 JM