Chapter 1 Linking Reading and Writing

Reading-Related Writing

Begins as response to reading

Includes some content from reading

Shows some knowledge of the reading

Reading-Related Writing Includes

1. Reading effectively1. Underlining/highlighting

2. Annotating

3. Outlining

2. Summarizing in your own words

3. Writing a reaction

4. Writing a two-part response1. Summary2. Reaction

5-min Break

Grammar Assessment40 minutes, max

10-min break

Welcome Back!

Techniques for Reading Effectively

1. Underlining/Highlighting

2. Annotating3. Outlining

Underlining / Highlighting

Helps with concentration & focus

Four rules of underlining:

› The main idea (topic sentence) in paragraphs

› The support for those main ideas

› The answers to your questions

› Only the key words

“Skim and Scan”

Often not possible to read word for word What do you already know about topic? What do you need to/want to know? Learn to focus on key features

› Titles and subtitles› Section introductory paragraphs› Bulleted and numbered portions› Highlighted or boxed material› Illustrations, graphics, charts› Chapter/section summaries

Annotating - writing notes in the margins

Related to underlining

Often appears along with underlining

Represents intense involvement

› turns a reader into a writer

Your response in the margin may

Echo the author’s ideas

Critically question the author’s ideas

Relate author’s ideas to something else

Add to the author’s ideas

Written Responses to Reading

1. Outlines2. Summaries3. Reactions

To write an effective summary Write only about 1/3 as much as original

Concentrate on main ideas, not details

Use your own words (paraphrase)

› But don’t change the author’s ideas

Effective summary (cont’d)

Seldom use direct quotations

Cite the author and title of text

Use author tags to indicate summary

› “. . . , says York.”› “According to York, . . . ”› As York explains, . . . ”

When summarizing, Don’t . . .

. . . add ideas

. . . include personal comments

A Reaction Statement

is text-based writing in which you incorporate your views

Reactions may

Require evaluation › with critical-thinking emphasis

Include summary and discussion Bring in the writer’s experiences Include opinionated comments

A Two-Part ResponseA clear, concise summary followed by a

reaction response

Two-part responses

Are used for:› critical examination of text› problem-solving analytical assignments

Help avoid common problem of:› Students’ writing only a summary› Not writing a thoughtful evaluation

You Try It!

“The Jacket,” by Jack Soto

In-class reading, followed by a two-part response of a summary + reaction

Read the short story and then write 40-50 words of a summary and 40-50 words of a reaction

• No more than half a page total

Include your name and turn this in!

Kinds of Supports for Text-Based Writing

Explanations› Cause and effect› Contrast and compare

References› Author tags

Quotations› Taking words directly from a source and

then properly citing (crediting) the source

PlagiarismBorrowing words or ideas without giving

credit to the originators

Academic Honesty at PCC

Handbook of Student Rights and Responsibilities› (http://www.pcc.edu/about/policy/student-ri

ghts/student-rights.pdf) See p. 9 on Academic Integrity Policy

Two Types of Basic Documentation

Informal documentation

Formal documentation: MLA› Modern Language Association

Informal Documentation:

Identify the source whose material you use

Document any borrowed original idea: › Quoted› Paraphrased

written in your words but not shorter› Summarized

written in your words and shorter

Formal MLA Guidelines:

Direct quote or borrowed idea: give author’s last name and page number

1.It has been said that “neat people are bums and clods at heart” (Britt 255).

2.Some believe that neat people are weak in character (Britt 255).

Formal MLA Guidelines (cont’d):

Author’s name used in introducing an idea or direct quote: page number only

1.Suzanne Britt says that “neat people are bums and clods at heart” (255).

2.Suzanne Britt believes that neat people are weak in character (255).

Basic Elements of a Works Cited Page:

Author’s name Editor’s name, if applicable Title (both chapter and book, if applicable) Edition, publisher, date Page number(s)

Burns, Tyson M. “My First Real Fire.” Sentences, Paragraphs and Beyond with Integrated Readings. 5th ed. Ed. Lee Brandon and Kelly Brandon. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. 120-122.

Journaling

Good Bye!

Important:› Don’t forget to check MyPCC by the

end of the day today (or sometime tomorrow).