Chapter 1 (pages 2-5)Introduction to Life

Honors Biology

Mrs. Einstein

Do Now-1. What is biology?2. What are some topics we will be

studying in Biology?3. How is biology applied in today’s

society?

Objectives:

1. SWBAT define biology and explain its applications.

2. SWBAT define and apply all seven characteristics of life to an organism.

Safety Review

Goggles, gloves, and aprons!Fire!EquipmentAcids and Bases

Remember you safety test is on: Tuesday!

A. What is Biology?

Study of life or once living thingsStudy the structure of living things and

how they interact with one anotherStudy of how living things function

B. Biologists…

Study the diversity of life

Research diseases

Develop technologies

Improve agriculture

Preserve the environment

•Make a list of the items in this picture that you consider alive or were alive at some point.

Think – Pair – Share

Let’s Brainstorm

What characteristics does a living thing have?

Let’s make a class list: 1.

C. Seven Characteristics of life

1. Order2. Regulation3. Grows and Develops4. Energy Processing5. Responds to the Environment6. Reproduction7. Evolutionary Adaptations

1. Order

Living things are arranged in an orderly way.Cell- Smallest unit of life

Ex. Squamous CellTissue- group of cells that have same

structure and function (look alike)Ex. - Epithelial tissue (outer skin cells)

Organ- different tissues that work together to perform a function Ex- Skin

2. Order (Cont.)

System- Group of organs working together Ex. Integumentary System

Organism- Organ systems working together (whole)Ex. Human

Do Now

1. Define the word homeostasis:

2. Provide an example.

Objectives:

2. SWBAT define and apply all seven characteristics of life to an organism.

2. Regulation

Homeostasis: Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life If anything happens within or to an organism that affects its

normal state, processes to restore the normal state begin.

Temperature Blood PressureBlood sugar levels

Homeostasis (Cont.)

Regulation of Blood Glucose

Insulin:

Glucagon:

Negative Feedback:

Homeostasis (Cont.)

A receptor is triggered by a stimulus, and the effector produces a response.

Do Now

List the characteristics of life that we have covered in class.

Homework:Microscope Lab Test tomorrowRead and outline section 1.7-1.8 due tomorrowLab Quiz on Tuesday (9/25)

Objectives

1. SWBAT list and discuss the eight characteristics of life and provide examples of each.

2. SWBAT observe and draw yeast budding.3. SWBAT explain why the production of carbon

dioxide is evidence of yeast requiring and using energy.

3. Growth and Development

gets larger by using materials and energy from environment

Controlled by genes in the DNAGrowth occurs through cell division

and cell enlargement

4. Energy Processing

Living things get their energy from food (glucose).energy is the ability to do work

Plants create glucose from the sun (photosynthesis)

All living organisms break down

glucose and release chemical energy

(cellular respiration)

4. Energy Processing (Cont.)

Food is the primary energy sourceAutotrophs-Heterotrophs-Food is metabolized (all chemical

reactions in the body)Anabolic process:Catabolic process:

5. Respond to the Environment

Anything that causes some sort of reaction by the organism is called a stimulus.

The reaction to a stimulus is a response. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFDHWk_bjsU

6. Reproduction

A species is a group of organisms that can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.

ex. Asexual ex. Sexual

7. Adaptations Evolve Over TimeAn adaptation is any inherited

characteristic that results from changes to a species over time.

*8. Living things are made of one or more cells.

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.Unicellular Multicellular-

All seven characteristics must be present to be considered alive!

Do Now

Explain (using the 8 characteristics of life) why we are alive! Provide examples!

Objectives

SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not and explain why

SWBAT work in groups to discover the nature of science

SWBAT explore the steps of the scientific method.

SWBAT make observations and inferences and differentiate between the two.

What is Science?

Which of the following are considered science?AstrologyOrnithologyMarine BiologyReligionZoology

1.3 Nature of Science (pg. 16- 21)

Science is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature.

Scientific inquiry is both a creative process and a process rooted in unbiased observations and experimentation.

THE CUBES!

FIRST RULE: Do not touch the cubes!Let’s brainstorm: What questions do you

have about the cubes?

The cubes Cont.

What is on the bottom of the cube?What is evidence? What does the word

mean?Using data (observations), try to convince

me and your classmates what is on the bottom of the cube. Provide evidence!

Pick up the cubes… Go ahead!

There is no way of knowing the absolute answer to a scientific question.

WHAT? MS INGS? ALL THAT FOR NOTHING….

Nature of Science

Scientific Investigations

Let’s list the steps we went through in our scientific investigation

An example experiment…

Who likes to cook???How do you cook spaghetti?

1. Ask a Question

Scientific inquiry begins with observation. Science inquiry involves asking questions

and processing information from a variety of reliable sources.

Short Demo on …..

Observation vs. Inference

Observation- direct way of gathering information in an organized way.

Inference- taking observations and making a logical conclusion

Do Now

1. Try to list the steps of the scientific method!

2. List one example of an inference and one of an observation.

Objectives

1. SWBAT practice making observations.2. SWBAT differentiate between

observations and inferences3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps

of the scientific method.

Let’s make some observations!

I need someone to write on the board for me!

Do Now

1. Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience? A. It brings up more questions. B. It causes disagreement and debate. C. It does not welcome scientific investigation. D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.

2. Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? A. acquiring energy B. adapting to the environment C. displaying organization D. responding to stimuli

Objectives

1. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the scientific method.

2. SWBAT work in groups to identify control group, experimental group, hypothesis, conclusion, independent, and dependent variables.

3. SWBAT analyze a graph.

2. Form a Hypothesis

Hypothesis - a testable explanation of a situation.

Hypothesis that are supported through experiments and data are then accepted in the scientific community.

3. Collect the Data

Biologist conducts an experiment, (a phenomenon in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis).

4. Controlled Experiments

1. Experimental Group- group that is being manipulated

2. Control Group- group you keep the same (all variables are constant)

5. Experimental Design

Independent variable—only one factor in a experiment that can change

Dependent variable—results from or depends on changes to the independent variable

Think – Pair – Share

Identify : control group, experimental group, independent variable, dependent variable, constants

Food Scientists are working together to develop a better tasting sweet mint Trident gum. Each person sampling the gum gets ONE original sweet mint and ONE sweet mint with added spearmint to try to improve taste. The tasters did not know what they were trying and had to record their results.

6. Data Gathering

Data - information gained from observations. Quantitative data - measurements of time,

temperature, length, or other factors. Qualitative data - descriptions of what our

senses detect.

Data I want you gather qualitative and

quantitative data from this picture.

7. Analyze the Data

A graph of the data makes easier to interpret.

Graphing

Analyze this graph.Reach a conclusion!

8. Report Conclusions

Conclusions are published so other can review the results and discuss the merit of the experiment.

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Identify the following terms: identify the problem, hypothesis, experiment, independent variable, dependent variable, and create a conclusion

The leaves on my tomato plants were turning yellow. I was not sure what to do. I decided that maybe they were not getting enough sun. I moved one plant into the sun and left the other one where it was. I recorded the different shades of the leaves (yellow, yellow-green, and green).

Section 1.3 Review - Matching!

1. Development A. testable explanation

2. Homeostasis B. change that takes place during the life of an organism

3. Inference C. Logical conclusion based

on your observations

4. Hypothesis D. Regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable

Do Now

In trying to develop a lighter color honey, bee keepers allow the bees to only visit sunflowers.

Design an experiment to test this. In your experiment, identify:

Control group, experimental group, independent variable, dependent variable, constants

Do Now

Explain why a virus is NOT considered alive.

Objectives

1. SWBAT identify 8 objects as being alive or not and explain why

2. SWBAT differentiate between observations and inferences

3. SWBAT identify and practice the steps of the scientific method.

Homework!!

For homework you have a worksheet on experiments. This will be due the next class.

Do Now

Fill in the blanks in the concept chart

Do Now

1. Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience? A. It brings up more questions. B. It causes disagreement and debate. C. It does not welcome scientific investigation. D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.

2. Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? A. acquiring energy B. adapting to the environment C. displaying organization D. responding to stimuli

Objectives

1. SWBAT compare and contrast the English and metric systems

2. SWBAT practice conversions between metric units.

3. SWBAT explain the nature of science

1.2 Nature of Science (pg. 11 – 15)

Uses Scientific TheoryTheory- explanation of a natural phenomenon

supported by many observations and experiments over time

Ex.Results are always constant!

A. Expands Scientific KnowledgeScience is under constant reevaluation of

what is known.Ex. Classification, Food PyramidCan lead to new knowledgeReevaluation cycle continues!

B. Challenges Accepted TheoriesScientists debate each other ideasScience accommodates new information

as it is discovered

http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/dr-mehmet-oz-accused-fear-mongering-dr-richard-besser-arsenic-apple-juice-14525404

C. Questions Results

Scientist can find data that is not consistent with current scientific understanding

These inconsistencies often lead to further investigations

D. Tests Claims

Conclusions are reached after Controlled experimentsUnbiased investigationsLarge amounts of data

Think – Pair - Share

Read the following and critique the author.

What else can the scientist do to further his/her own studies?

A marine biologist studying whales put “markers” on one white whale to determine migration. This scientist then concluded that all whales migrate from the Gulf to the mid Atlantic ocean.

Undergoes Peer Review

Experiments are reviewed by scientist’s peers. (Peer review )

Evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.

Think – Pair - Share

How can we “prove” something true?

Do Now - Matching!

1. Development A. testable explanation

2. Homeostasis B. change that takes place during the life of an organism

3. Inference C. Logical conclusion based

on your observations

4. Hypothesis D. Regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable

Measurements used in Science

Different methods used for measuringInternational System of Units (SI)- what

scientists all over the world use Measured in groups of 10

Length - SI

SI uses the meter

Measures how long something isTools: Ruler

Centimeter

Decimeter

Volume

SI uses m3

Most often we use liter Measures how much space

Something takes up

Mass and Weight

Mass = how much matter something has

SI units are kilogram (kg)Weight = force of gravity on an object

Time and Temperature

Time: period between two eventsSI unit is seconds (s)

Temperature: how much heat contained in an object (how hot or cold something is)SI unit is Kelvin (K)Scientists often use Celsius (C)

Conversions

4 kiloliters= ___________ hectoliters

36.87 millimeters= ________ decameters

0.098 meters = ___________ micrometers

56.7 decimeters= _________ decameters

Do Now:

What are some things around the room that are alive? Or were alive at some point?

Do Now

How many…Centimeters are in a meter?Meters are in a kilometer?How long is a 5K?

Do Now:

A new medicine is out on the market that helps people retain information better (smart pill). In a recent study, one group was given the smart pill and the other group was given a placebo (sugar pill).

Identify: control group and experimental group

Explain why researchers found the need to have two different groups

Do Now- Review for Jeopardy

For each statement, circle the stimulus, and underline the response.

1. Your mouth waters at the sight of food on a plate.

2. There is a sudden drop in temperature, which gives you goose bumps.

3. You get a fever after a virus enters your body.4. You get “butterflies” in your stomach before

giving a speech.

Objectives

1. SWBAT review for the their chapter 1 test

2. SWBAT answer multiple choice and open ended questions on chapter 1

Think-Pair-Share

Design an experiment to determine why the fish are dying in your tank. Identify the control, constants, independent variable, dependent variable, and experimental group.